Esebenzisa inkulumo yobuciko: izibonelo izincwadi

Okugcwele, namanzi, emihle futhi elikhanyayo kungcono lidlulisela imicabango, imizwa kanye ukuhlaziya isimo ngokubhuduzela. Yingakho sokuphumelela kuzo zonke izinhlobo emizamweni yakho, ezakhiwe kanye kuba ithuluzi olunembile kakhulu lokukholisa. Lapha kafushane wanikeza siphi kusho yokukhuluma wobuciko umuntu adinga ukuzenza elamukelekile kusukela nsuku zonke emhlabeni wonke, futhi yini - ubuyise arsenal yokukhuluma ekhululekile izincwadi.

ulimi imiva Special

ifomu Verbal, uyakwazi zidonse ukunaka kwanoma isilaleli noma umfundi, ukwenza kube ekhumbulekayo by eseyintsha, ubunjalo, Singularity, nge ukuhamba endleleni evamile yokubalwa kanye kwansuku - inkulumo kolunye ulimi.

Lapha isebenza kahle, nganoma iyiphi indlela yokukhuluma wobuciko ezincwadini, isibonelo, kuthiwa isingathekiso zvukopis, ihaba, kumuntfutisa, nabanye abaningi eyaziwa. Kuyadingeka ukuba balukhulume kahle amasu ezikhethekile nezindlela inhlanganisela like umsindo ngamagama nangezithombe collocations.

indima Kakhulu eyadlalwa silulumagama, phraseology, lolimi kanye nezici ifonotiki. Njalo izindlela yokukhuluma wobuciko ezincwadini usebenza kuwo wonke amazinga ezithile.

idijithi kanambambili

Lapha main into - zvukopis, a ekhethekile amasu kwezobuciko, esekelwe kudalwa izithombe umsindo ezinikezwa umsindo. Ungakwazi belingisa ngisho wangempela umsindo - zitshiyoze, ukushaya amakhwelo, umsindo, imvula, njll, ukuze ucuphe izinhlangano nemizwa nemicabango ukuthi udinga ukubiza isilaleli noma umfundi. Lona umgomo oyinhloko lekumele azuzwe esebenzisa inkulumo kwezobuciko. Izibonelo sifutamsindvo unezincwadi eziningi etemibhalo isosha esihlatshelelwayo: lapha muhle ngokukhethekile Balmont "Midnight ngezinye izikhathi ...".

Cishe zonke izimbongi of the Silver Ubudala zvukopisi esetshenziswa. imigqa Beautiful kwesokunxele Lermontov, Pushkin, Boratynsky. I Symbolists naye wafunda mema futhi sokuzwa, ezibukwayo ngisho olfactory, gustatory, izethulo ethintekayo ukuhambisa umcabango umfundi ukuba nemizwa ethile nemizwelo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, ukudalula ngokugcwele kakhulu zvukopisnye izindlela yokukhuluma wobuciko. Izibonelo Blok futhi Andrei Bely, avame kuphela esetshenziswa sifanankhamisa - ukuphindaphindwa unkamisa efanayo noma Ukushaywa efanayo. Eyesibili uhlobo - the sifanamsindvo, okuyinto evame ukutholakala kakade Pushkin futhi Tiutchev, - ukuphindaphindwa ongwaqa - ezifanayo noma efanayo.

Kwesilulumagama nekusetjentiswa phraseology

Izindlela eziyinhloko yokukhuluma wobuciko ezincwadini - emizileni ukuthi imizwa ziveza isimo noma into, usebenzisa amagama umqondo wakhe ongokomfanekiso. Izinhlobo ezinkulu tropes: ukuqhathanisa, epithet, kumuntfutisa, sifanisongco, tiga tenkhulumo, synecdoche, periphrasis, ihaba futhi litotes, indida.

Ngaphandle tropes, kukhona izindlela ezilula futhi ephumelelayo imiva kwezobuciko. izibonelo:

• bomcondvophika, omqondofana, ipholisemi omabizwafane, ladidako;
• Izaga;
• silulumagama, zaveza stylistically, kanti namagama, ukuhlelwa isebenzisa elinganiselwe.

Into yokugcina kuhlanganisa isitsotsi ijagoni, ngisho silulumagama, kungamukelwa emphakathini ehloniphekile. Opposites ngezinye izikhathi kuphumelele kangcono kunanoma iyiphi epithets: Yini ehlanzekile! - umntwana, ukubhukuda echibini. Ukukhalipha Umqondofana futhi uthuthukise ukunemba inkulumo. Isisho uyojatshuliswa yokuthi umamukeli uzwa ajwayelekile futhi ngokushesha uya koxhumana naye. Lesi senzakalo ngokolimi akuzona indlela eqondile yokukhuluma wobuciko. Izibonelo kunalokho non-ekhethekile, ukuze zifanelekele ukusetshenziselwa isenzo esithile, noma umbhalo, kodwa kungaba ngokuphawulekayo engeza ekukhazimuleni isithombe umthelela umamukeli. Beauty and ukuphi yokukhuluma athembele ngokuphelele onjani amathuluzi ngokudala Inkulumo wobuciko elisetshenziswa kuyo.

Nokumadanisa epithet

Epithet - isicelo noma kwalokho ngesiGreki. Marks sici kubalulekile ebalulekile kulo mongo usebenzisa definition eliyindilinga, ngokusekelwe ukuqhathanisa esicashile. Ngokuvamile lokhu isiphawulo: omnyama melancholy ekuseni sedoe, njll, kodwa kungase kube epithet Ibizo, isandiso, esithi, isabizwana, kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye tenkhulumo. Ungakwazi bahlukanise epithets lisetshenziswe ezilimini ezivamile, kazwelonke copyright asankondlo ngabanye izindlela yokukhuluma wobuciko. Izibonelo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu: kwathula elibulalayo, indoda okahle, kuhlwa abacaphuni. Ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa okwehlukile - ngokomfanekiso imizwa: lalithe ngci yinkungu okwesibhakabhaka, nobusuku uhlanya. Kodwa zonke division Yiqiniso, okunemibandela kakhulu.

Qhathanisa - ngokuqhathanisa okufanayo mkhuba, umqondo noma into nenye. Hhayi kudidaniswe isingathekiso lapho amagama nezilandiso, uma kuqhathaniswa kufanele ukhulume kokubili into, sibaluli, isenzo, njll Ngokwesibonelo: ukukhazimula njengomuntu Meteor. Ungakwazi qhathanisa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

• Instrumental (usakhula ecula landizela);
• isiphawulo ukungqubuzana noma isandiso (oluhlaza ulwandle iso);
• Izinyunyana uma, njengoba uma, njll (Njengoba isilwane squeaked umnyango);
• amazwi njengomuntu, efana, njll (Amehlo akho anjengomhlambi ezimbili inkungu);
• imitjhwana ukuqhathanisa (igolide amahlamvu wahlamba ku ichibi, zinjengomhlambi wezimbuzi izimvemvane esindizayo inkanyezi).

ukuqhathanisa Negative avame ukusetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa abantu izinkondlo: Lokho akulona ihhashi ... Izimbongi phezulu ngokuvamile ukwakha ivolumu kahle esikhulu yomsebenzi, usebenzisa eyodwa kuyindlela yokukhuluma wobuciko. Esikhathini izincwadi, zabuna kungabonwa, isibonelo, ezinkondlweni Koltsov, Tiutchev, Owasenyakatho, temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Gogol sika, Prishvina nabanye abaningi. It wasetshenziselwa eziningi. Lokhu kungenxa izindlela likufuna kakhulu yokukhuluma wobuciko. Esikhathini Ezincwadini, ukuyo yonke indawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhonza kokubili umbhalo yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni emphakathini, kukhulunywa nge wenkuthalo impumelelo efanayo.

Isingathekiso kanye samuntu

Enye kabanzi kakhulu wasungula indlela yokukhuluma wobuciko ezincwadini - isingathekiso lokho kusho ngesiGreki - yokudlulisa. Igama noma umusho isetshenziswa ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Ngesisekelo lapha ukufana eliphelele lezinto, imicimbi, izenzo, njll Ngokungafani ukuqhathanisa isingathekiso sona emfishane. It kumane nje kuholele, ukuqhathaniswa ashade noma angashadi. Ukufana kungenziwa okusekelwe ijamo, umbala, ivolumu, lapho uya khona, umuzwa, njll (Ingxubevange izenzakalo, inhlansi yothando, kolwandle izinhlamvu, kuyinqolobane tinkondlo). Izingathekiso zingahlukaniswa zibe (ulimi ezivamile) abavamile kanye nobuciko bakhona: ezandleni segolide idayimane izinkanyezi amadlingozi). Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke kakade nezingathekiso yesayensi: emgodini i-ozone, ama-solar wind, njll Impumelelo sikhulumi nombhali embhalweni kuxhomeke kulokho kusho yokukhuluma wobuciko esetshenziswa.

Ngohlobo Lomuntu Okufanele Ube umzila, efana isingathekiso - samuntu, lapho izimpawu ephilayo zidluliselwa izinto, imiqondo noma izenzakalo of imvelo: walala inkungu ukuwozela, ekwindla usuku paled futhi kungacimi - samuntu zemvelo lokho kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu, kancane kaningi samuntu izwe lezinto - ukubona Ann. "I-violin futhi bakhothame, 'Mayakovsky" Cloud e ibhulukwe ", Mamin-Siberian nge" nabanomusa futhi enobungane ubuso ekhaya "yakhe nokuningi. Ngisho ekuphileni kwansuku zonke thina awuboni the avatar: idivayisi uthi emoyeni waphulukisa, wakhipha emnothweni luye lwaqala ukuya, njll Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi kukhona izindlela kangcono izindlela yokukhuluma kwezobuciko, inkulumo, yokudweba ezimibalabala ezingaphezu kuka samuntu.

Tiga tenkhulumo kanye synecdoche

Ngo tiga tenkhulumo lesiGreki lisho ekuqambeni kabusha, okungukuthi, igama budluliselwe kusuka into ukuphikisa, lapho base - contiguity. ihlobise kakhulu izindlela umlandzi ukusetshenziswa yokukhuluma kwezobuciko, ikakhulukazi ezifana tiga tenkhulumo. Ukuxhumana isimiso adjacency kungenzeka lokhu okulandelayo:

• okuqukethwe kanye nokuqukethwe: udle amapuleti ezintathu;
• abalobi nemisebenzi: amthethise Homer;
• isinyathelo futhi isikhali yayo: esasizobhujiswa izinkemba kanye umlilo;
• umenziwa kuncike impahla: ku igolide okudliwayo;
• indawo kanye abadlali: idolobha ezinomsindo.

Metonimija izindlela ayahambelana kwezobuciko Inkulumo inkulumo, nalo wanezela ukuzwakala, ukunemba, isithombe, nokucacisa, ayikho epithet banganhlanhlatsi. Ngamabomu ukuyisebenzisa, futhi izazi zefilosofi, ababhali abamaphephandaba ligcwele Enkulumweni eyayivame kuzo zonke izizinda zokuphila.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, uhlobo tiga tenkhulumo - a synecdoche, ngesiGreki - ukuhlanganisa, futhi, kusekelwe esikhundleni okushiwo omunye mkhuba ku nenye incazelo, kodwa isimiso esisodwa kuphela - ubudlelwane bobukhulu ngaphakathi kwezinombolo asho into noma izinto. Goqa kungaba kanje:

• sakugcina for elikhulu (nalokho izimpukane inyoni, ihlosi alikhulumi; baphuze ingilazi);
• ingxenye yonke (Beard, ukuthi buthule? eMoscow akayivumanga unswinyo).

Phindza uhlele kabusha noma uwuchaze

Incazelo noma umusho achazayo ngesiGreki - ithuba, isetshenziswa esikhundleni amagama noma inhlanganisela yamagama - a asebenzisa. Ngokwesibonelo, Pushkin wabhala "ekudalweni kaPetru," futhi baqonde konke ayekucabanga Petersburg. Lisinika uwuchaze okulandelayo:

• ukuhlonza izici eziyinhloko into, okuyinto simelela;
• ukugwema ukuphindaphinda (tautology);
• hlola ngokucacile ukuboniswa;
• ukwengeza umbhalo bokubanga sublime, bokubanga.

Ngawakhe amazwi impermissible kuphela ibhizinisi nalokuhlelekile isitayela, kodwa ngenye indlela zikhona amaningi. Enkulumweni eyayivame ngokuvamile coexists ne indida ukuhlanganisa ndawonye lezi ezimbili izindlela yokukhuluma wobuciko. isiRashiya is ahlanganiswe yi confluence tropes ezahlukene.

Ihaba futhi litotes

Inkulumo okungokomfanekiso ihaba ngokweqile ukuba kuthiwe noma uphikisana izimfanelo, izenzo, noma izenzakalo - lena ihaba (lesiGreki elihunyushwe ngokuthi ihaba). Litotes - kunalokho, kuyinto kweswela.

Imicabango unamathele i ijamo okungavamile, Umbala elikhanyayo ngokomzwelo, ukuthembeka ukuhlolwa. Ikakhulukazi ukusiza kahle ukudala izithombe kuhlekisa. Asetshenziswa journalism njengesilwane izindlela ezibalulekile yokukhuluma wobuciko. Esikhathini izincwadi ngaphandle kwalezi tropes kakhulu, ngeke akwazi ukwenza: inyoni ezingavamile Gogol fly kuphela phakathi Dnieper; ladybug amancane Krylov futhi eziningi ezinjalo cishe yonke imisebenzi yanoma yimuphi umlobi.

Siphukuto kanye ukubhuqa

NgesiGreki leli gama libhekisela ungumkhohlisi okuhambisana ukusetshenziswa umzila. Yini indlela yokukhuluma wobuciko kudingeka inhlekisa? Isitatimende kumele kube okuphambene incazelo wawo ahlose ukuba usetshenziswe uma ukuhlolwa omuhle uyazifihla usulu: ikhanda elihlakaniphile - isikhalo imbongolo ku inganekwane Krylov isibonelo. "Iqhawe Unsinkable" - lo indida elisetshenziswa kohlaka journalism, okuyinto bavame bokhulunyiwe noma kubakaki. Amathuluzi ngokudala Inkulumo wobuciko akusho ucede ke. Yeka ukuthi kuyindida kanjani ngokwedlulele - uthukuthele, ukubhuqa - ngempela livame ukusetshenziswa ukubhuqa: ngokucacile umehluko phakathi kokukhulekela esicindezelwayo nezishiwo, kanye ukuchayeka ngamabomu isho. Nabangenasihawu, eneka abukhali - ngesandla sakhe: Ngokuvamile, ngiye ngizwe phikisana ukunambitheka oyster futhi ukhukhunathi kuphela nalabo bakudla (Zhvanetskiy). Algorithm ukubhuqa kuyinto uchungechunge yezenzo: ngumkhuba omubi esikhuthaza nentukuthelo, bese kufika yokusabela - ngezinga lokugcina nokuvuleka ngokomzwelo: izingulube bondlekile esabekayo ezilambile. Nokho, udinga ukusebenzisa ukubhuqa njengoba ukungabatsheli ngangokunokwenzeka. Futhi akusiyo ngokuvamile, uma umlobi akuyona satirist okhokhelwayo. Abezindaba ukubhuqa ngokuvamile bazibheke ngobuchule kunabanye. Nokho, azikho satirist akusebenzanga ukuze uthole uthando okukhiphayo. Yena ukubukeka kwakhe ngaso sonke isikhathi kuxhomeke kulokho kusho yokukhuluma wobuciko asetjentiswe ekuhloleni umbhalo. Ukubhuqa - isikhali devastatingly enamandla.

izindlela engavikelekile kolimi nolwazimagama

Nikeza subtlest inkulumo ezicashile ngokomzwelo ngekukhula usizo into eyodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ungasebenzisa izwi "uhlanga" esikhundleni "run" ngoba amandla enkulu ekhululekile. Futhi hhayi nje ka-Abigayl:

• ukucacisa umcabango kanye nokudluliswa shades lekhethelo incazelo;
• nokuhlola isilinganiso imaging futhi copyright;
• ukwanda okukhulu imizwa ngokwedlulele;
• ukuvezwa ezijulile yesithombe.

Libuye libe yindlela enhle yokukhuluma nazo le bomcondvophika. Bona ukucacisa umqondo, edlala ku-kokuqhathanisa, ngaphezulu elichaza ngokugcwele elilodwa noma kwenye mkhuba: iphepha ecwebezelayo kabusha uzamcolo, eqanjiwe eyiqiniso - mfudlana. Kusukela bomcondvophika ke kwenzeka kabanzi yafuna ukwamukela izincwadi - bokungafani.

Abalobi abaningi, futhi nje uqaphele-Wits uzimisele ukudlala ngamazwi, coinciding e umsindo ngisho ngokubhala, kodwa okuyinto unezinye nezincazelo: umfana ezinzima futhi kuphole amanzi abilayo futhi ibhange emaweni; ufulawa flours; Okufakiwe ezintathu indawo ngokucophelela. Futhi anecdote: Lalela abaphathi? Yilokho, siyabonga ... wadubula. It ipholisemi omabizwafane, homographs, futhi adidanayo.

Amagama afana e isipelingi umsindo, kodwa anezincazelo ezihlukile ngokuphelele, futhi, avame ukusetshenziswa njengoba puns futhi unamandla anele ekhululekile ngokusebezisa ngobuciko. Umlando - usinga; Maitre - milimitha, njll

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi akuzona izindlela main yokukhuluma kwezobuciko, njengoba bomcondvofana, bomcondvophika, futhi ipholisemi omabizwafane ladidako, olusemthethweni futhi ibhizinisi isitayela azisetshenziswa.

isisho

Kungenjalo - inkulumo ukuthi ilungele phraseology izinkulumo, futhi wanezela kulowo okhulumayo noma umbhali bokukhuluma. asinazo izithombe aphathelene nezinganekwane, okusezingeni eliphezulu noma kukhulunywe nge kokuhlaziywa ekhululekile - emihle noma emibi (gazinga amancane inhlamvu iso, intamo lather kanye nenkemba Damocles) - konke lokhu kuqinisa futhi ihlobise umbhalo ngokucace nisebenzise iso lengqondo. Usawoti of phraseology - iqembu elikhethekile - aphorisms. imicabango Ezijulile e version emfushane. Kulula ukukhumbula. esetshenziswa Ngokuvamile, kanye nezinye izindlela yokukhuluma, e temibhalo. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi ihlanganisa izaga kanye namazwi.