Phosphorus hydroxide - ifomula Properties

Kukhona izigaba ezintathu compounds eziyinkimbinkimbi wezinto ezingaphili: oxides, hydroxides (okuyinto zihlanganisa acid lezisekelo) nosawoti yalo. izinsimbi Abaningi futhi okungezona zinsimbi yakha oxides, hydroxides, futhi ingxenye izinsalela acid. Ngakho, i-phosphorus likhona i ezisalayo esidi PO _4. Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningana phosphorus oxide. Ngakho, it has hydroxides ahlukahlukene okuyinto akhiwa lezi oxides. Extra phosphorus hydroxide - kuyinto wali band acid. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola izakhiwo ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali timphawu kanye compounds yayo, kanye ngikuxoxele nokudlanga yaso ngokwemvelo, nezinye amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo.

Izakhiwo phosphorus

Kungaba khona ezihlukahlukene ukuhluka. Phosphorus - ikhemikhali siqukethe eyodwa chemical isici. Ama-athomu omoya wayo Asihlanganisi zakha izinhlayiya. Phosphorus ifomula - R. Nokho, kuncike crystal ngehele isakhiwo, element kungenzeka akhona ngendlela izinto ezintathu.

Okuvame kakhulu iyona phosphorus emhlophe - it has a isakhiwo waxy kanye ubuthi okusezingeni eliphezulu. Lokuncibilika yalolu ketshezi kuyinto amane nane degrees Celsius futhi ukubila - degrees ezingamakhulu amabili namashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Ngu ngomshikisho washeshe kokhela impahla, kanjalo sinqume, nje ukubeka imvelo yasemanzini. Uma isikhathi eside ukufudumeza nganoma lokushisa amabili namashumi amahlanu Centigrade, it is iguqulwe ibe phosphorus abomvu. Le nto ethulwa ngesimo powder sinombala-obomvu umbala. phosphorus Olubomvu, njengoba kuqhathaniswa nabamhlophe, iminyaka yakhe anobuthi.

Ifomu esitebeleni kunazo bokuba khona kwalesi sakhi kusengathiwa black phosphorus okuyinto kwezinye izici zangaphandle efana metal: has a isicwebezelisi eyinqaba, has ubulukhuni okusezingeni eliphezulu, electrical kanye conductivity ezishisayo.

Ngamagama yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali

Phosphorus - isici, okuyinto eqenjini lesihlanu kanye nenkathi yesithathu ethebuleni gqwa. Kulokhu singaphetha ngokuthi Valence kuba ezinhlanu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo gqwa kuyabonakala ukuthi phosphorus isici ine atomic weight elilingana amathathu ukuba igremu elilodwa imvukuzane ngayinye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi 1 imvukuzane eyodwa ngeke nesisindo 31 amagremu. Uma ucabangela nezakhi ezithile zamakhemikhali phosphorus, sizoxoxa yendlela asabela ngayo compounds elula eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukuxoxa izinto ezilula

Into yokuqala okumele uqaphele - the namachibi phosphorus. Kuyinto ukuphendula yayo nomoya-mpilo. Zonke kuzoncika olinganise ncenye - Ngenxa yalokho, zingase zimiswe izinto ezimbili ezahlukene.

A samuntu sokuqala - nezimvukuzane ezine phosphorus kanye amavukuzi ezintathu mpilo okwakheka ezimbili amavukuzi phosphorus trioxide. Record chemical efanayo ukuxhumana ngokusebenzisa kwesibalo ezilandelayo: 4F + 3o ₂ = 2P ₂ O _3.

inketho Okwesibili - ukwakheka nezimvukuzane emine kuya kwemihlanu phosphorus kanye nowe-oxygen amavukuzi ezimbili amavukuzi phosphorus pentoxide. Ukuze liveze okunjena ngokusebenzisa kwesibalo ezilandelayo: 4P + 5O ₂ = 2P ₂ O _5.

Lapho ababili zamakhemikhali kuyinto ekushayweni ukukhanya okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-phosphorus ongahlanganyela enjalo izinto ezilula ezifana izinsimbi, halogens (sasekhaya, i-iodine uxhumano lokudlulisa, chlorine), nesibabule. Active chemical isici uyakwazi abonise kokubili ukunciphisa kanye oxidising izakhiwo. Isibonelo nokuxhumana halogens bangaphakela chlorination. Kwenzeka ngezigaba ezimbili. Eyokuqala - kumiswa ezimbili amavukuzi phosphorus trihlorata amavukuzi ezimbili kubhekwe nonmetal futhi amavukuzi ezintathu chlorine. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela ungaboniswa yilo kwesibalo: 2P + 3Cl ₂ = 2PCl _3.

Isinyathelo yenqubo wesibili siqukethe ngaphezu kwama-atom chlorine ukuze phosphorus trihloratu kakade eyatholakala. Ngakho, ngaphezu komunye imvukuzane we yokugcina esilinganayo chlorine ekhiqizwa imvukuzane phosphorus pentahlorata ngayinye. Sibhala le kwesibalo ukusabela ngaleyo ndlela: PCl ₃ + Cl ₂ = PCl _5.

Imithetho phosphorus nokuxhumana zinsimbi cabanga ngesibonelo esilandelayo. Uma sithatha amavukuzi ezintathu potassium imvukuzane phosphorus imvukuzane ngayinye ukuthola potassium phosphide ngayinye. Qopha lolu hlobo inqubo ungasebenzisa yokusabela ezothando ezilandelayo: P = 3k + K ₃ R.

Ukuxoxa izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi

Ukuze eziyinkimbinkimbi chemical compounds, okuyinto uyakwazi ukusabela phosphorus zihlanganisa acid kanye nosawoti. Manje chaza izici oda contact timphawu ne amaqembu idatha ye amakhemikhali.

Phosphorous acid

Phakathi nazo zonke ezinye kuphawuleka ngokukhethekile basabela phosphorous kanye nitric acid. Ukuze siqhube ukusabela ngaleyo ndlela kumelwe athathe zingxenye ezilandelayo: phosphorus e isamba nezimvukuzane ezintathu amavukuzi ezinhlanu nitric acid namanzi - amavukuzi ezimbili. Ngenxa yalokho nokuxhumana chemical sithola mikhiqizo: wali band acid kanye nitrogen oxide. Lokhu kwesibalo ukuphendula kulotshiwe kanje: 3P + 5HNO ₃ + 3H ₂ O = 3H ₃ PO ₄ + 5NO.

Phosphorus usawoti

Lolu hlobo nokuxhumana kumakhemikhali kungase kubhekwe njengento isibonelo ukusabela olucutshungulwayo nge nonmetal cuprum sulfate. Ukuze afeze le nqubo kubalulekile ukuthatha amabili amavukuzi phosphorus, amavukuzi ezinhlanu zethusi sulfate, amavukuzi eziyisishiyagalombili yamanzi. Ukuxhumana yalezi izinto sithola zezakhi ezilandelayo chemical: sulfate acid isamba nezimvukuzane amahlanu zethusi okumsulwa - okufanayo, kanye wali band acid - amavukuzi ezimbili. Record le nqubo kungaba ngesimo le kwesibalo: 2P + 5CuSO ₄ + 8H ₂ O = 5H ₂ SO ₄ + 5Cu + 2H ₃ PO _4.

Ukulungiselela nonmetal

Ngo umkhakha, chemical okukhulunywa ikhiqizwa zamakhemikhali ezifana calcium-phosphate. Ukuze lokhu kwenziwe elandelayo yokusabela chemical: usawoti wathi ixubene isihlabathi (Silica) ne-carbon endaweni isilinganiso izinyo lomhlathi of 1: 3: 5, ukukhokhela calcium silicate, phosphorus igesi chadny endaweni isilinganiso izinyo lomhlathi of 3: 2: 5.

Phosphorus compounds kanye nezici zabo

Zezakhi ezivamile phosphorus kuthathwa njengesibikezelo esiyiso hydroxide nonmetal. Kungaba ngezinhlobo eziningi, kuye ngokuthi oxide kumiswa okuyinto. Thola i-phosphorus hydroxide kungenzeka esebenzisa yokusabela chemical phakathi oxide amanzi awo. Ngokusebenzisa ukusabela ngaleyo ndlela ukhiqiza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene izinto. trioxide Ngakho, we hydroxide angase uzilungiselele (3), futhi kusukela pentoxide - phosphorus hydroxide (5). Lezi izinto kufanele izakhiwo esidi ziyakwazi yena, ukuxubana izinsimbi, nosawoti, lezisekelo nabanye.

Extra phosphorus hydroxide - kuyinto wali band acid. Kuyinto ngaphansi anomoya-mpilo futhi tribasic. ifomula Ezazimzungezile - H ₃ PO _4.

The main chemical izakhiwo

phosphorus hydroxide, ogama ifomula is letinikwe lapha ngenhla, uyakwazi ukusabela kokubili compounds elula eziyinkimbinkimbi. Cabangela lezi izinqubo ngokuningiliziwe.

wali band acid ukuphendula ezisansimbi

Njengezinye amakilasi of zamakhemikhali, phosphorus hydroxide uyakwazi ukusabela ezisansimbi. Kule nqubo kukhona esikhundleni yokusabela lapho ama-athomu metal zama-athomu hydrogen azixoshe, kanjalo zakha isimiso usawoti ne-hydrogen, eyakhululwa emoyeni njengoba igesi nge nephunga ezingezinhle. Ukuze lesi simo kungaba kwenziwe, insimbi kumele abekwe ukuthi kwesokunxele hydrogen ku electrochemical umsebenzi chungechunge. Okungukuthi, izinto ezifana nethusi, nesiliva nabanye abanjengabo, abakwazi ukusabela nge wali band acid, ngoba ngenxa reactivity yayo ongaphakeme, ngeke ukwazi ukuba azixoshe athomu ye-hydrogen kusukela compounds zabo.

Njengoba isibonelo, cabanga aluminium. Uma wengeza ezimbili amavukuzi timphawu ezimbili amavukuzi phosphorus hydroxide sithola aluminium phosphate kanye hydrogen isamba 2 noma 3 amavukuzi ngokulandelana. I kwesibalo ukuthi bayavuma kulotshiwe kanje: 2Al + 2H ₃ PO ₄ = 2AlPO ₄ + 3H _2.

Ukuxhumana lezisekelo

phosphorus hydroxide, kanye nezinye acid eziningi ongangena yokusabela chemical lezisekelo. izinqubo maKristu abizwa metathesis. Phakathi kwabo, yalokho hydroxide entsha, futhi entsha acid. Lolu hlobo yokusabela kungaba kwenziwe kuphela uma omunye umkhiqizo etholakala zingaxazululeki emanzini, isb KULETHA, iyasha ibe igesi noma amanzi noma electrolyte enganamandla kakhulu.

Wali band acid nosawoti yalo

Kulokhu-ke kwenzeka exchange ukuphendula. Ngenxa yalokho, kungenzeka ukuthola acid amasha kanye nosawoti. Ukuze afeze le ndlela yokusabela, futhi, kufanele kuhambisane nemithetho, eye ezichazwe ngenhla nje.

Ukusetshenziswa phosphorus kanye compounds yayo umkhakha

Egcekeni wokuqala obalulekile walesi sakhi chemical isetshenziswa ukwenza ingxube okuyinto lisetshenziswa ohlangothini ebusweni iimbumbeko. Futhi, nenye phosphorus iphathwa ngokwabo ikhanda olufana. Nonmetal pentoxide kubhekwa kabanzi njengoba dryer igesi. It is libuye lisetshenziswe umkhakha chemical ukuze bathole phosphorus hydroxide, ifomula futhi kabani izakhiwo ziye okuxoxwe ngawo ngenhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziswa womshini ingilazi.

phosphorus hydroxide futhi uthola isicelo ezimbonini eziningi. Okokuqala, isetshenziswa ekwakheni ama-fertilizer. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-phosphorus kumane esibaluleke kakhulu ezimileni. Ngakho-ke, baba baningana kukamanyolo ezahlukene, okuyinto zenziwa ngesisekelo non-metal compounds zibhekwa. Ngenxa yale njongo izinto ezifana ne-calcium-phosphate. Usawoti usetshenziselwa Umanyolo ngesimo nesando. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le njongo, abavamile futhi superphosphate kathathu. Njengoba Umanyolo futhi ungakwazi ukukhonza ammophos futhi nitroammophos. Ngaphezu okungenhla, nosawoti noma phosphorous hydroxide lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi reagent uzingela khona isixazululo compounds esiliva. Ngakho, ketshezi wanezela, okuhlanganisa i ezisalayo acid PO _4, isixazululo. Uma yokugcina iqukethe usawoti noma isiliva hydroxide kwenze ukuwa ocebile umbala ophuzi. Lokhu phosphate Argentum kokuba ifomula amakhemikhali: Agno _3.

Isakhiwo athomu phosphorus

Kuyaziwa ukuthi zonke ama-athomu yakhiwa nucleus futhi electron uzungeza ke. I-nucleus iqukethe ama-proton kanye neutrons. Electron abe necala negative, proton - omuhle futhi neutrons - zero. Inombolo ye-serial phosphorus ethebuleni gqwa - nanhlanu. It lingahunyushwa baphetha kulokhu ukuthi proton nanhlanu eziqukethwe kuyi-nucleus yayo. Uma i-athomu abathathi hlangothi, hhayi ion, ama-electron kakhulu nama-proton. Lokho kunjalo ne phosphor nanhlanu.

Uma omunye electron izohamba umzila wokuzungeza kwalo, athomu iba ion kahle icala, ukuthi kuyinto seka. Uma omunye electron enamathiselwe isimo ion omubi icala - anion.

Uhlelo zesikhathi izakhi zamakhemikhali kuyabonakala ukuthi phosphorus kungokwalabo kwesikhathi lwesithathu. Kulokhu kuba sobala ukuthi kukhona ezintathu emzileni lapho ama-electron kuthiwa ngokulinganayo basakaza emhlabeni core. Abokuqala ababili zitholakala ngosuku lwesibili - electron eziyisishiyagalombili, kanti eyesithathu - ezinhlanu.

Ukwanda ngokwemvelo

Ingxenyana mass phosphorus in the uqweqwe kuyinto 0.08%. Akayena ezivamile kakhulu emvelweni, isici zamakhemikhali. Nokho, kukhona iqembu amaminerali, okuhlanganisa phosphorus. Lokhu apatite futhi phosphorite. Okuvame kakhulu eqenjini lokuqala - fluorapatite. ifomula wayo chemical simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: 3Ca ₃ (PO4) ₂ • Caf _2. Kucace, shades oluhlaza kanye oluluhlaza. Phakathi calcium phosphate phosphate basakaza kakhulu, kokuba ifomula amakhemikhali: Ca ₃ (PO4) _2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-phosphorus compounds ezitholakala ukwakheka kwezicubu ahlukahlukene yezinto eziphilayo.

Indima phosphorus kanye compounds yaso ngokwemvelo nomzimba

Lo msuka chemical ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle cishe zonke izinhlaka futhi izinhlelo. Endaweni yokuqala akunakwenzeka ngaphandle umsebenzi elingenazinkinga nezinso. Lo msuka ehilelekile umzimba umzimba. Iphinde kunomthelela ukuvuselelwa okusheshayo kwezicubu. Ngaphandle kwayo, abanye amavithamini nje akukwazi ukusetshenziswa ukunikeza izinzuzo emzimbeni - yingakho cishe zonke izakhamzimba Vitamin njengenhlangano ingxenye eyengeziwe ngokuvamile sengezwe phosphorus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingenye izakhi zamakhemikhali ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza evamile inhliziyo. Yena, ngaphandle konke okungenhla, uhlanganyela inqubo cell division, ngakho ngaphandle kwalesi sakhi trace akukwazi eziphilayo emhlabeni.

WokuLawula amanzi-usawoti ibhalansi - sici esisodwa ngaphezulu, owenziwa emzimbeni uxhumano ngaphansi ibhekisiswe yile nonmetal sihloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ke ingenye yezingxenye eyinhloko amathambo kwemisipha izicubu. Iphesenti elikhulu kuqukethwe amazinyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liphinde uzinake ukuthi phosphorus ehilelekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza evamile isimiso sezinzwa. Izimpawu yokuntula trace element emzimbeni kubhekwe lokhu okulandelayo: ukukhathala, ukusebenza kahle ongaphakeme, ukuphazamiseka isimiso sezinzwa (neurosis, umhayizo, njll), imikhuhlane njalo futhi, ukukhathala we imisipha yenhliziyo, ubuhlungu emathanjeni nemisipha, imnyama kakhulu. Ukuze ugweme into enjalo, njengoba nokuntuleka phosphorus emzimbeni, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi imikhiqizo iqukethe. Esiyinhloko phakathi imikhiqizo kubhekwe ocebile isici zamakhemikhali, gqamisa izinhlanzi. Ikakhulukazi phosphorus okusezingeni eliphezulu lokuhlushwa ebonwe amafomu ezifana Sturgeon, mackerel, horse mackerel, tuna, nesardiyu, capelin, Pollock, aphele. Futhi okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko, mineral trace atholakala crab inyama, izimfanzi, kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi efana cottage shizi, ukhilimu ushizi, noshizi.

okutholakele

Phosphorus Nokho hhayi evame kakhulu emhlabeni chemical isici, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu kusukela iphuzu ezimbonini kanye begazi umbono. Yena uxhumano wakhe, ikakhulukazi, i-phosphorus hydroxide, lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba imikhiqizo. Isihloko wachaza nokuthi izakhiwo phosphorus hydroxide (wali band acid), kanye ikakhulukazi ekusebenzisaneni yayo ezisansimbi, lezisekelo nosawoti.