Kungani isifundo Antarctica ecebile yaleli zwekazi?

Antarctica - izwe leqhwa angunaphakade penguins. Ngakho, okungenani, ke okwamanje imele iningi labantu emhlabeni. Kodwa uma ukuphila kukhona cishe akunakwenzeka (lokhu, lapho izakhamuzi zijwayele ezifudumele zomhlaba) ngenxa okushisa aphansi, kungani i-Antarctica? Kuyini benesithakazelo kangaka lesi sendlalelo yeqhwa emikhulu e-South Pole?

Umlando ukutholakala nokutadisha Antarctica

Januwari 28, 1820 kwaba okokuqala wabona nezwekazi lesithupha. Wafinyelela bomkhankaso isiRashiya, ehlanganisa imikhumbi emibili ephethwe Faddeem Faddeevichem Bellinsgauzenom futhi Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev. Ngaphambi nje sizama ukumthola, kanyekanye ngawo iziqhingi eziningi Kwatholakala. Lolu suku kungaba ngokuthi esigabeni sokuqala kwesikhathi, lapho Ucwaningo olunzulu Antarctica.

Lo mcimbi elilandelayo abalulekile ezwekazini abandayo okuphakade kwaba ukufeza isikhungo yayo, futhi eqinisweni - ngokoMthetho-South Pole (sebezofunda okufanayo). Elinye iqembu, eholwa Norwegian Amundsen Raul, kanti owesibili, ephethe ikhanda Robert Scott (England), ngo-December 1911 no-January 1912, ngokulandelana, lidlule kabuhlungu, futhi eqoqwe eziningi ukwaziswa okuwusizo mayelana ingaphakathi zaleli zwekazi. Lo mcimbi omkhulu sonakala usizi: Scott uhambo babhubha ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima nje amakhilomitha ambalwa kusukela phansi, lapho ayengase ufudumale futhi ubuyekeze isitokwe amalungiselelo.

Kamuva, ngo-November 1912 ngowokuqala, wokutakula uhambo etendeni watholwa izidumbu zamalungu leqembu aphuthelwe lokuqala senyanga isisu.

ezwekazini Ucwaningo: injongo

Ukuze ukufunda Antarctica lapho kuba sobala uma zingene imininingwane leminyenti ngaloku izwekazi ethile. Okokuqala - lena isitokwe nomthombo wamanzi aqabulayo. Ngokwesilinganiso, lesi sendlalelo ice ukushuba 2000 metres uphinde uthele kancane endaweni eziyizigidi ezingu-14 square metres, lokulandisa mayelana 90% nomjikelezo wamanzi omhlaba wonke iplanethi.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana ice

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ebusika nokhahlo, kunesikhala emachibini noma emifuleni. Regulation ezwekazini wukuthi ngisho noma kushisa ngezansi zero emisebeni yelanga kungaba ancibilike ice. Kukhona "ixhaphozi", kwakheka ehlobo yamanzi neqhwa. Basuke embozwe iqhwa nokuwela nzima zocwaningo zokuhamba kangangokuthi ngaphandle kosizo engakutholi phandle. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, futhi imifudlana evulekile nasemachibini, futhi lapho kuqala ubusika, zingabantu imperceptible phezu, njengoba imbozwe ungqimba obukhulu ice neqhwa, imimoya enamandla nametennogo. Ngakho, emachibini amabili elikhulu Antarctica ungumuntu ka 3000 metres ukujula. Manje cabanga ukuthi lapho babengase batholakale khona? Umsebenzi we ososayensi kuyilungelo elikhulu.

By the way, mayelana imimoya. isilinganiso ijubane yabo yonyaka - 12 km / h, kodwa ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile kwenzeke wukuthi ijubane 50-60 km / h, futhi ngezinye izikhathi yonke 90.

Kungani i-Antarctica? Yebo, ngoba izwe elihluke ngokuphelele. Akanamizwa futhi enhle, ezinzima futhi ebulalayo, egcwele ingozi futhi imfihlakalo. Lesi yisihloko sokuqala.

Izinsiza nezici indawo

Manje, ngezinzuzo. Ekuhloleni nezwekazi khona atholakele ezifakwa eziningi amaminerali. Lapho isintu ziyoshwabadela izizwe zonke ukuthi abacebile nakwamanye amazwekazi, azofika zonke i-Antarctica. Kuze kube manje, lokhu akwenzeki ngokuqondene wamanje Madrid Protocol (1991), okuyinto sivimbela umsebenzi ezimbonini kanye ukukhiqizwa kwanoma yiphi phansi, ngoba nezwekazi Kubalulekile yonke le mbulunga kwasekuqaleni, njengengxenye uhlelo sezulu imfundo.

Lesi ngesinye futhi isizathu esenza ekutadisheni Antarctica, ukuqapha ezingeni encibilika ice futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe masonto kwaphakamisa neminye imibuzo mayelana nomthelela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke phezu "esiqandisini" eyinhloko kuyo yonke iplanethi ewuMhlaba. Ngokuqinisekile, wonke ngezwa mayelana nale nkinga.

Futhi odlule, i-Antarctica cwaningo ukuthi kungenziwa ngokuthi igama ezivamile - isayensi. Lapha kukhona ukutadisha umthelela ilanga ngezikhathi ezahlukene khona eMhlabeni, ethungatha womsebenzi seismological, ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe isifundo of the Moon ne-Mars.