Reagents kukhona izinto, ngaphandle okuyinto akunakwenzeka ukufunda ngesayensi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali

Noma yimuphi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali ukwahlukanisa kuhilela ukusetshenziswa namakhemikhali athile. Sikhishwe iqiniso lokuthi reagents - ikhemikhali kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu empilweni yomuntu, kusitoreji zabo kumelwe ahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile.

iqembu 7

reagents Chemical kuleli qembu babe ubuthi okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngakho-ke ukubekwa yabo, kukhona nezimfuneko ezithile. basuke ephephile, esemgwaqweni laborantskoy. Anakho isihluthulelo umsizi, kanye uthisha wesayensi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali.

isitoreji amakhemikhali uvinjelwe ezikoleni zamabanga, futhi wocwaningo kwezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme, yobukhona babo kuvunyelwe kuphela uma i-oda elikhethekile kusukela inhloko yendawo. Laboratory uqhuba ukulawula okuqinile imali izinto ezinjalo, ukuthatha amanothi kumagazini ekhethekile.

Uhlu amakhemikhali wezinto akuvumelekile esikoleni laboratory

Bala amakhemikhali eziyisisekelo wezinto ezingaphili, okuyinto uvunyelwe ekukhombisa ucwaningo kwamakhemikhali izifundo esikoleni:

• izinto ezilula: metal sodium, crystalline iodine, uxhumano lokudlulisa uketshezi;
• sodium hydroxide, metal oxides futhi okungezona izinsimbi;
• nosawoti, kuhlanganise compounds eziyinkimbinkimbi, dichromates futhi chromates;
• izixazululo acid.

izinto eziphilayo

Phawula reagents futhi izinto eziphilayo lapho i-chemistry uthisha zingasebenzisa ekuqeqesheni izingane zesikole ezisebenzisekayo:

• aniline;
• acid organic;
• benzene;
• phenol;
• formalin.

izidingo ephephile amakhemikhali

Safe ukukhwezwa kwamakhemikhali laborantskoy ukugcina reagents, iqembu 7, ngokuvamile ezenziwe okuqinile uthayela. Ivunyelwe nokufaka isakhiwo sokhuni, uma ephephile ngaphandle uphahlwe insimbi, ukushuba engesiyo esingaphansi 1 mm.

Kukhona izidingo futhi indawo ephephile. Njengoba sazi ukuthi reactants kuyinto imithombo ephezulu, udinga ukukhetha indawo ephephile, ukuze kwakulula ukwenza uma kunengozi yomlilo.

Ukucaciswa Standard kusukela bokuphila okusezingeni eliphezulu izinto umsebenzi

Phakathi reagents ukuthi babe izakhiwo efanayo, kungase kushiwo metallic zinc, i-calcium, lithium, i-nitrous futhi hydroxide, calcium, nitrate iodide metal, potassium permanganate, i-potassium, i-zinc compounds. Lezi reagents kukhona izinto ingozi kakhudlwana, ngakho-ke, ucwaningo nabo avunyelwe kuphela ngaphansi kweso we uthisha.

Futhi afakwe ohlwini, futhi izinto eziphilayo ezifana diethyl elithi ether, acetone, alcohols, cyclohexane, chloroform, uwoyela ongahluziwe. reagents ezinjalo izinto inethonya ohlelweni womuntu sezinzwa, ngakho bayakhishwa kusukela uhlu amalungiselelo zamakhemikhali esetshenziswa ezikoleni ezivamile zokufundisa esisebenzayo umsebenzi laboratory ucwaningo.

Ikilasi kungabhekwana (kukhiyiwe) 8 kuphela iqembu amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisebenzayo umsebenzi laboratory ucwaningo. reagents ezinjalo izinto aphephile ngoba impilo yezingane. Ngokwesibonelo, ikhambi chloride sodium sulfate potassium, i-calcium chloride.

imithetho nokugcinwa izikole encane

Ezikoleni ezincane zasemaphandleni azihileli khona endaweni ekhethekile ngaphansi laborantskuyu ikamelo, isitoreji amakhemikhali kumelwe unake okukhethekile. Ngokwesibonelo, i-asidi reagent lapho lokuhlushwa ejenti asebenzayo ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-50, kufanele ibekwe esikhwameni avaliwe plastic futhi aboshiwe.

Alkalis ukuthi kukhona esimweni okuqinile, kumelwe abe amabanga amade uma liya kusukela acid, basindisa isembozo endaweni yokukhanda. Phezu kokuvula ibhodlela nge-sodium hydroxide noma potassium kufanele uvalwe ivaliwe, bese ibekwe kucwazi noma uthi lokubeka imbiza, okuyinto uvalwe avalwa ngesivalo.

i kuphela isixazululo aqueous ammonia futhi hydrochloric acid has a high umusi ingcindezi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlola yobunzima iphakheji. Njengoba ezengeziwe izinyathelo yezokuphepha lapho usebenza nalezi reagents kubhekwa ukusetshenziswa eyengeziwe ukubekwa uphawu amakepisi, izikhwama plastic ngebhange.

Uma kungekho indawo ehlukile ukubekwa reagents amaqembu 2,5,6 wabavumela ukuba babambisane indawo iKhabhinethi efanayo. Kulokhu, kubalulekile iqembu ngalinye ukuthatha eshalofini ehlukile. Inketho engcono ibeka eshalofini engenhla reagents, iqembu 5 ngezansi kungenziwa bephethe izinto amabhange iqembu 6, phansi iKhabhinethi amaqembu 2 ukuletha reagents.

isiphetho

Kunoma wezemfundo, okuthiwa izifundo kanye nemisebenzi eyengeziwe-curricular amakhemikhali, kukhona imfundo ekhethekile, owawuthi isikhala ezithile lwabelwe kubo. Classic laboratory Sectional amakhabethe esetshenziswa amakhemikhali endlini, uphahlwe ngezinto zokwakha zesimanje polymeric okuyinto amelana imiphumela emibi endaweni enobudlova.

Ngo ukungabikho ambozwe ezinjalo zokuzivikela, kubalulekile ukumboza zonke izingxenye yangaphakathi iKhabhinethi uwoyela upende ngo 2-3 izingqimba okwenza amabhampa emashalofini, okuphakama kwawo kufanele kube 3 cm.

Ukuze uvikele emashalofini kusukela amanzi, bahambisa izingqimba eziningana polyethylene ifilimu. ifenisha Ufaka kwamakhemikhali laborantskoy wenziwa nokugcina esiqinile imithetho yokuphepha umlilo.

Phezu kodonga noma umnyango laborantskoy-chemistry ekilasini, kumele imiyalelo Ukuvikelwa zabasebenzi, kuvunyelwa esisayinwe umqondisi wezemfundo, kokuba uphawu inhlangano.