UDavid Livingstone: Biography, travel nokutholakala. Owavula uDavid Livingstone e-Afrika?

Omunye lezihambi edume kunazo zonke, umnikelo kabani ohlwini ucwaningo ezindawo ayikwazi overestimated - uDavid Livingstone. Ngavula le Umthandi womculo? Wakhe Indaba yokuphila futhi izimpumelelo enemininingwane kulesi sihloko.

Esakhula

owathola omkhulu Ikusasa wazalwa March 19, 1813 edolobhaneni Blantyre eduze Glasgow (Scotland). Umndeni wakhe ompofu, uyise ezithengiswa itiye emgwaqweni, umfana uye eminyakeni 10 kwadingeka ukuya emsebenzini ngaleso sendawo yendwangu esigayweni. On Iholo lakhe lokuqala, uDavid Livingstone, ogama biography kuchazwa esihlokweni, wathenga Latin lolimi ebhukwinitifundvo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wazikhandla kusukela ngo-6 ekuseni kuya ku-8 ebusuku, yena wathola isikhathi Tutor. Bese kuthi-ke umfana bonke baqala ukuya ebusuku esikoleni, lapho afundela khona hhayi Latin kodwa ngesiGreki kuphela, izibalo kanye nemfundiso yenkolo. Lo mfana, wayejabula kakhulu ukufunda, izimbongi classical ikakhulukazi yokuqala, lengemaciniso abuye incazelo travel.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba la umgomo eliyingqayizivele

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-19, uDavid Livingstone uphromothiwe. Lokhu kwakudinga nokwanda kokungabi amaholo, awusebenzisa ukuze lokuyofunda eyunivesithi wezokwelapha. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-2, wathola iziqu zakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi ama-English Church kwaba inkulumo-ze asebenzayo ukuheha amavolontiya umsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli. Eligcwele lo mbono, uDavide ogxile yena imfundo yezenkolo, futhi 1838 wamiswa njengompristi umpristi, futhi isicelo ubulungu iNhlangano Wezithunywa Zevangeli E-London. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umfundisi osemusha futhi lo dokotela wahlangana nesithunywa sevangeli uRobert Moffat, abasebenzi e-Afrika, wabe esecela Livingston ukubheka black zwekazi.

Ekuqaleni indlela enkulu eliyingqayizivele

Ekupheleni kwawo-1840 isihambi oneminyaka engu-27 ubudala, baqhubeka nohambo lwabo umkhumbi baya Afrika. Endleleni, akazange achithe sikhathi, lapho usukwazi ukudlala kahle ukuhlakanipha navigation futhi sifunda indlela ukunquma izixhumanisi amaphuzu Zomhlaba.

Indoda wafika eKapa (South Africa Coast) March 14, 1841. Njengoba anquma ukuhlala kahle ulungiselela kunjalo kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, uDavide Livingstone wahlala phakathi kwaboMdabu wafunda ulimi namasiko abo. Phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha, wakhuluma eziqephuzayo nge babeyizidlova, ukuthi iyasiza esikhathini esizayo ukusungula oxhumana nabo ezizwe ezihlukahlukene lokuhambisa phakathi nezwe.

UDavide akazange ahlale namanje. Yena kancane kancane waqhubekela phambili, ukulungisa isikhathi esizweni esilandelayo, ukubanjwa bajwayelane nemikhuba emisha, okwenza blog okufakiwe. Ehlobo lika-1842 Livingston wakunqoba ingxenye enkulu yakhiwa uGwadule LwaseKalahari. Kuze kube manje akafinyelelanga ukuba ngisho European olulodwa.

Kumila umsebenzi yabo. Fight ne ingonyama

Ngo-1843, uLivingstone wasungula mission Mobotse, eshumayela ivangeli abantu balapha kancane kancane nokuya enyakatho. AboMdabu base-Australia ayengowesifazane sevangeli ngenhlonipho, umusa, nokubona kuphela ingxenye yayo. Wavikela ngentshiseko kubo ekuhlaseleni amaPutukezi kanye nezinye wamakoloni Gone abamnyama ebugqilini, ngesineke bonke lobu bunzima le ukuphila kube nzima e Savannah Afrika.

Ngo-1944, uDavid Livingstone, Afrika okuyiwona isibe ikhaya real, ngasinda adventure esabekayo. Hunting namalungu besizwe, uhlaselwe ingonyama omkhulu futhi wasinda ngokuyisimangaliso. Beast Ngaphuka ingalo yakhe kwesokunxele ezindaweni eziningana, okubangela isithunywa sevangeli iminyaka yokuphila ekhubazekile. Kwadingeka afunde ukuthi kufanele awubambe kanjani isibhamu ehlombe lakhe kwesokunxele bese aim iso kwesokunxele. Ikhumbule lokho umcimbi esabekayo ehlombe lakhe komkhondo 11 namazinyo amabhongo ezingonyama. Abomdabu waqala ukubiza yabelungu Leo Elikhulu.

Umshado. Kudluliswa umsebenzi

Ngo-1845, uDavid Livingstone washada noMariya - indodakazi ngqondongqondo lohambo lwakhe, Robert Moffett. Unkosikazi ohambisana nomyeni wakhe e-imikhankaso, resignedly wabelane bonke ubunzima mikhankaso, okuyinto wamzalela amadodana amane.

Ngesikhathi umshado, insizwa zazikhululekile abomdabu wajabulela ukuqiniseka kwabo, ngakho wanquma ukuthuthela umgomo wayo waya ogwini Kolobeng River. Wona, kanye nomkakhe esezinzile bakvenov zamaKhosi. Livingston kuyinto ubungane obuseduze kakhulu nge umholi Sechele, owahlatshwa wafunda kuyimfundiso yobuKristu. Wavuma ukuba abhapathizwe, sazilahla yamaqaba futhi wabuya obaba kwabafazi babo, kokushiya naye eyodwa kuphela. Kwaba futhi impumelelo, ngesikhathi esifanayo enkulu inselele isihambi European. Ize kulandele isizwe ukuthi awanelisekile nezinguquko obungajwayelekile, imicimbi edabukisayo kwaqondana isomiso esinzima, buye baphoqa zonke sevangeli nomkakhe ukushiya mission bese ukuhambisa nakakhulu ku oGwadule LwaseKalahari, lapho abantu bendawo ngokuthi izwe ukoma okukhulu.

Ukutholakala Lake Ngami

Ngaphezu umsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli, naphezu kobunzima, ungakhohlwa mayelana nomsebenzi locwaningo uDavid Livingstone. Ukuvula zakhe wenza ngesikhathi uhambo olude, ezihambayo kancane kancane kusukela eningizimu kuya enyakatho ezweni lase-Afrika.

Juni 1, 1849 isihambi abanesibindi nomkakhe, nezingane nabangane eziningana wadabula LwaseKalahari kuya uMfula iZambezi, endaweni eseduze lapho Ephakathi kwaphawulwa kumephu yaseNingizimu Afrika. Livingstone wayezimisele ukhombise isikhundla esiqondile emfuleni, ukuhlola embhedeni walo, ukuthola umthombo nomlomo.

elide ukuthatha nje kwezinsuku ezingu-30, kwaba yizinto ezivamile ezikhathazayo futhi esinzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi Mary nezingane. Lapho abahambi ukuza emfuleni, injabulo yabo Kwakuyintokozo yodwa. Ulapho, watholana izizwe bakalahari futhi kwabaThwa ezathatha ezihambini ngokufudumele agcwaliswa izimpahla zabo futhi enikeziwe wokugada. Abasemkhunjini baqhubeka nohambo lwabo senyuse umfula, no-Agasti 1, 1949 waya Lake Ngami, kuze kube manje akwaziwa iyiphi European.

Ngenxa yalesi kokutholakala, uDavid Livingstone waklonyeliswa Gold Medal yi-Royal Society Geographical futhi wathola imali umklomelo omkhulu.

Phela ukuzidela amalungu uhambo wabuyela mission ku Kolobeng ngokuphepha.

Dilolo Lake Victoria Falls

Ngo 1852, Livingstone wathumela umkakhe namadodana akhe eScotland, wathuthela nge intshiseko entsha in the enkabeni yaleli zwekazi Black ngaphansi isiqubulo esithi: ". Ngizovula Afrika noma ukushabalala"

Phakathi nalolo hambo, 1853-1854 GG. IZambezi emfuleni esigodini, nemingenela yayo iye uphenyo. Lo mcimbi oyinhloko bomkhankaso kwaba ukutholakala Dilolo echibini ngo-1854, lapho isithunywa sevangeli wathola enye indondo yegolide kusukela Umphakathi Geographical.

UDavid Livingstone kuqhubeke uhambo Kuhilela ukuthola umgwaqo ukhululekile ngasempumalanga e-Indian Ocean. Ekwindla ka-1855, ibutho elincane futhi siyiswe ezansi eMfuleni iZambezi. Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, ngo-November 17, ngaphambi kwamehlo ka-lezihambi uvele isithombe emangalisa: waterfall langa 120 amamitha eliphezulu ne-1800 ububanzi. AboMdabu base-bakubize ngokuthi "Mosi wa tunya", okuyinto elihunyushwe ngokuthi "izimpophoma amanzi". Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ezinkulu zemvelo uDavide ngokuthi iVictoria yokudumisa Queen of England. Namuhla, i-waterfall isikhumbuzo onesibindi Scottish wamazwe ase-Afrika.

Veza i-Indian Ocean. homecoming

Ukuqhubeka Isifundo la manzi omfula iZambezi, isithunywa sevangeli yabhekisela ingalo yayo enyakatho wahamba naye baya esizalweni somfula, ukufinyelela i-Indian Ocean ogwini. May 20, 1856 ushintsho enkulu yezwekazi lase-Afrika lisuka e-Atlantic kuya-Indian Ocean, usuphethiwe.

Kakade Disemba 9, 1856 e-UK emuva yisikhonzi esiqotho salo Queen, uDavid Livingstone. Yavula e-Afrika, lokhu isihambi nangemithandazo sevangeli? Zonke ukuzidela kwakhe futhi okutholakele womhlaba , wabhala incwadi ngo-1857. Imiklomelo publisher ukunikeza omuhle ukuvumela umkakhe asebenzise izinto nezingane. David yithela imiklomelo kanye izihloko, wanikwa nezilaleli nge Korolevoy Viktoriey, futhi uye lectured eCambridge, waphendukela umfana wendawo nocingo ukuze ohambweni okuphambili kanye nempi yokulwa ukuhweba ngezigqila.

Eyesibili uhambo Afrika

Ngo-March 1, 1858 ku-July 23, 1864 uDavid Livingstone wachitha uhambo yesibili Afrika, okuyinto ndawonye kanye naye baya umkakhe, mfowethu, futhi indodana phakathi.

Phakathi eviyweni, Livingstone ngaqhubeka nesifundo la manzi omfula iZambezi nemingenela yayo. Septhemba 16, 1859, livula Lake Isi-Nyasa, wathi izixhumanisi Shire futhi Ruvuma emifuleni. Phakathi nalolo hambo, esitolo omkhulu kokuma yesayensi zathathwa emikhakheni efana wezitshalo, ngokuphila kwezilwane nemvelo, yokuma komhlaba ethnography.

Expedition ngaphandle isipiliyoni elijabulisayo yokuvela kwezinto ezintsha kwaletha usizi Livingstone 2: Apreli 27, 1862 umalaleveva wafa nomkakhe, kancane kamuva, uDavide wathola izindaba ngokufa eyizibulo.

Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya lezithunywa zevangeli ngokubambisana umfowabo ehlobo lika-1864 ukuba ababhalele enye incwadi mayelana Afrika.

uhambo Okwesithathu kuya Black Izwekazi

Ngo-January 28, 1866 ku-May 1, 1873 umhloli wamazwe odumile yini uhambo lwakhe lwesithathu nolokugcina njengesithunywa afika kuleli zwekazi. Poring phezu emaqeleni Afrika Ephakathi, yafinyelela endaweni Great Lakes, Tanganyika kucwaningwe, Lualaba River, ukufunisisa seNayile. Endleleni, wenza ezimbili nje ukuvulwa ephezulu iphrofayli: Novemba 8, 1867 - Lake Mweru, futhi ngo-July 18, 1868 - yaseLake Bangweulu.

travel nobunzima isiphelile impilo Davida Livingstona, kuthi kungazelelwe wagula udenga imfiva. Lokhu emvimba babuyela ngokuthula ekamu, beya emzaneni-Ujiji. Ukuze neligwadulekile nomseshi ihlushwe Novemba 10, 1871 yawa kungalindelekile ukusiza umuntu Genri Stena, kufakwe eziphumayo ziyofuna iphephandaba yobuKristu njengesithunywa sevangeli "New York, uHarold." Stan baletha imithi nokudla, kanjalo uDavid Livingstone, Biography iDemo okuyinto echazwe esihlokweni, basebehamba lungisa. ngokushesha Waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe, kodwa, ngeshwa, hhayi isikhathi eside.

May 1, 1873, wafa sevangeli, ukulwa emelene ukuhweba ngezigqila, umhloli wamazwe odumile eNingizimu Afrika, owathola izici eziningi kwendawo uDavid Livingstone. Inhliziyo yakhe ebhokisini tin kusukela ngaphansi abomdabu ufulawa ehloniphekayo wangcwatshwa Chitambo mvula ngaphansi kwesihlahla esikhulu. umzimba Canned wathumela ekhaya, futhi ngo-April 18, 1874 wangcwatshwa Westminster Abbey.