Lake Niassa: imisuka nezithombe. Likuphi Lake Isi-Nyasa

Lake Isi-Nyasa zibalwa lesithupha kwi-top ten amachibi ejulile e emhlabeni, elesishiyagalolunye - simo yemizimba elikhulu amanzi endaweni. Kuyinto ngobukhulu e-Afrika.

amanzi Tropical Malawi (isihloko yesibili Njasa) elinesimo yobuningi bezinhlanzi. a Ukuhlukahluka okunjalo zezinhlanzi umbuso alikho yimuphi omunye echibini emhlabeni.

Umsuka echibini indishi Lake Isi-Nyasa

Abambalwa kweminyaka eyisigidi - ngakho izazi zisanda kuhlola engu-emzimbeni amanzi ngokuthi iChibi Isi-Nyasa. Umsuka amadamu eziyize kungenzeka kubangelwa iphutha zomhlaba noma ukuqhuma ngenxa exogenous isici Kuhlangana izinguzunga zeqhwa nezinye izimo.

Malawi echibini umcengezi kuwumphumela kudaleka zomhlaba. Lokho umsuka Lake Isi-Nyasa lihlobene grand crustal amaphutha - graben aseMpumalanga Afrika. Ngokuvamile, lezi emachibini ngobukhulu futhi ejulile emhlabeni. Ayikho ngaphandle, futhi Lake Isi-Nyasa.

Umsuka Malawi elisemcengezini, ngokusho kwabanye imithombo, ubiza ku umbuzo ukuba khona Afrika. Esikhathini esizayo, lolu hlelo iphutha naphula nezwekazi kusukela eningizimu kuya enyakatho ngokusebenzisa Great Lakes. Lokhu kuyoholela ekuthuleni yokuthi ushintsho ezweni emthambekeni nesiqondiso kwamanzi emifuleni.

Umlando yokutholakala

Uma umsuka umsuka Lake Isi-Nyasa ukuba ososayensi Kwakungenzima, ukutholakala kwalo akukho izinto uqondakala kahle. EYurophu, umlando we kwendawo eklanywe njengomumo womhlaba waqala cishe iminyaka emine edlule. Khona-ke, ngo-Ngo-1616, amaPutukezi okuthiwa Gaspar Bukarru phakathi nohambo lwakhe kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga sifinyelela engezansi le iZambezi, okuyinto uthululela e-Indian Ocean, wathola lokuqala Lake Isi-Nyasa. Kwenzekeni kwaba ukuthi, nakuba Bukarru kwaba owathola European kwesigubhu, ayizange laduma ububanzi futhi ulwazi ngokwabo bangcwatshwa emilandwini uhulumeni isiPutukezi. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi eside, ngokusobala ukuvulwa kwaleyo Lake Isi-Nyasa chasiselwe sevangeli Scottish nabahloli bamazwe olukhulu Afrika - David Linvingstonu.

Wayengazi ukuthi yini mayelana nendlela umcwaningi Bukarru nokuthola yayo 1858 wahola uhambo omkhulu neZambezi umcengezi. Futhi ngo-September 16, 1859 usememezele usuku emcimbini wokuvulwa eningizimu Lakes lwaseMpumalanga Afrika - Lake Isi-Nyasa. Phela, kuyafaneleka: uma ezama ukukhuphuka iZambezi akayekanga ke mhlawumbe angathanda ukufunda emfuleni Shire hhayi waqala ibuyiswe ku "echibini izinkanyezi" njengoba abacwaningi ngokuthi Isi-Nyasa yena Diaries yakhe.

Umsuka igama echibini

Njengoba sekushiwo, enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu nasemachibini Afrika unamagama amabili - Niassa futhi Malawi.

"Isi-Nyasa" bavumelane igama lasendulo Victoria - "Nyantsa". Womabili la magama zihlobene ngezilimi ezahlukene kodwa ezihlobene, okuyinto okuqondene singumndeni omkhulu yezilimi - Bantu. Yingakho ukubaluleka kwabo efanayo - "amanzi enkulu" noma "umzimba omkhulu wamanzi."

Igama lesibili - Malawi - livela uhlanga waseMalawi, okuyinto engcono kakhulu kunaleyo isigamu somphakathi igama elifanayo by African Republic. By the way, lona wamuva kungokwalabo ingxenye enkulu kwesigubhu. Kodwa lokhu, kuzoxoxwa ngakho kamuva.

Ngenxa webumbacambili lwamagama emabalazweni ezahlukene kungatholakala njengoba Lake Malawi neLake Isi-Nyasa.

geography

Likuphi Niassa? Leli chibi igcwalisa ufa e uqweqwe nemifantu umcengezi emhlabeni, okuyinto amanga ngesikhathi njengendawo eseningizimu kakhulu ohlelweni yeGreat Rift. Futhi yokugcina welulela phakathi emaphethelweni oLwandle Olubomvu nokubhujiswa sifinyelela engezansi eMfuleni iZambezi.

Ngenxa sezwe lapho Njasa, echibini ine ijamo side, lafinyelela ubude 584 km kanye ububanzi km 16 kuya ku-80 ezindaweni ezahlukene. Le ndawo kwesigubhu 29 604 km futhi itholakala ezingeni ukuphakama cishe anamakhulu mahlanu amamitha (ngqo - 472 m) ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.

Isi-Nyasa esiphezulu echibini ukujula ifinyelela 706 m, kanti isilinganiso -. 292 m Lokhu kusho ukuthi izindawo ejulile zitholakala ngezansi kolwandle. Phansi echibini ayinakho okushintshako, ukujula ukusebenza inyuka kancane kancane kusukela eningizimu kuya enyakatho.

Ukukhululeka ugu kuyinto monotony ezahlukene. Kwezinye izindawo ezigudle ugu kanye ezinde entabeni iphakama (kusukela ngo-1500 kuya ku-3000 m ngaphezu kolwandle), kwesinye welula elisogwini, ezisabalele kuya confluence umzimba wamanzi emifuleni emikhulu.

Lake Isi-Nyasa ebalazweni Afrika Sokubambisana ingatholakala engosini ethi izixhumanisi ezilandelayo: 11 ° 52 'eningizimu latitude 34 ° 35' longitude empumalanga.

Isimo sezulu

Isimo sezulu endaweni iphi Lake Isi-Nyasa, nakwezifudumele, futhi unalo ikhono ukushintsha: ezintabeni evuselelayo thunzi uyinkosi iningi Malawi Valley - ngokulinganisela afudumele, eMfuleni Lower hot ngempela.

Ekwindla nasebusika efudumele futhi ikakhulukazi ezomile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izimvula zingenzeka. I lokushisa okungenani uphawu ngalesi sikhathi awehleli ngezansi +22 ⁰ C, kanti ububanzi esiphezulu at 25 ⁰ C. Futhi ezintabeni. On the lokushisa ethafeni kancane, kodwa abe ngaphezu kwesigqila +27 ... +30 ⁰ C.

Entwasahlobo ngasekupheleni - Ekuqaleni kwehlobo kokuqala kwenkathi yezimvula. Amazinga air is sehliselwe +15 ... +18 ⁰ C ezintabeni +20 ... +25 ⁰ C ethafeni.

Hydrography

Lake Isi-Nyasa uthuthukise emifuleni nane. Phakathi kwabo, hlala ebalulekile Bois (noma njengoba ngezinye izikhathi ahunyushwa ngokuthi, BVA), eNyakatho naseNingizimu Rukaka ezifeza amanzi abo yahlukene nentshonalanga, Dvanga, Ruhuhu - kusukela enyakatho-mpumalanga, Songwe - ababevela enyakatho-ntshonalanga bese Lilongwe - kusukela eningizimu entshonalanga.

Shire River yiyona kuphela zangaphandle abakhwabanisi kwesigubhu. Ngakho isuka eMalawi eningizimu agelezela iZambezi.

Iningi amachibi ukujula akuyona ivolumu ezincane yamanzi mass Njasa - 8 ³ 400 km. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, abakhwabanisi yayo uyalingana 63 km ³ yamanzi ngonyaka. Kuleli nani,% 16 kuphela kugeleza emfuleni Shire asele 84% shabalala ebusweni. Ngenxa yalezi zici kwenkathi yokulungiswa amanzi echibini lide ngempela: ngokusho kombiko wezazi, ukuvuselela ngokugcwele mass amanzi kumele ube neminyaka engu 114 ubudala.

Usawoti amachibi Njasa - ngaphakathi 0.4 igremu ngalinye 1 ilitha. Amanzi uqobo iyafana ukubunjwa ukuba amanzi lweLake Tanganyika - okufanayo eqinile okuqinile. Ngoba kokubili amadamu kanye okufanayo lokushisa sici, esingekho kuwo, kuye ngokuthi inkathi, zokhahlamba kusuka 23.5 kuya 27.5 ⁰ C.

biology

Lake Malawi enye eziphilayo ezinhlobonhlobo kakhulu zawo wonke amanzi angenasawoti emhlabeni. Cishe ihlala ezilwaneni 500 ukuze 1,000 zezinhlanzi, okwethulwa imikhaya nanye.

Ngezinye isayithi ngayinye, futhi kwezinye amatheku futhi emikhawulweni Umbuso waso okusolisayo. Kodwa izakhamuzi ezivamile echibini cichlids, okuyinto zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili: izinhlanzi kanye ugu. cichlids izinhlanzi - izinhlanzi okuzingela, iningi labo bahlala izinhlobo mkhulu yebanga ukusuka ogwini. okuphambene wabo - tsihdidy ugu. Sinenkosi ezihlukahlukene ezinobukhulu, bobunjwa, izindlela yokudla nokuziphatha.

Kodwa izinhlanzi - akukuphela abakhileyo amanzi Lake Isi-Nyasa. Pond wakhethwa izingwenya Afrika futhi izinkozi whooper abahlala kuwo inqwaba.

Ngokuvamile, izwe isilwane kungaba ozibongayo kungekho ukwehluka kancane nabameleli bayo. Sizulazule echibini inyathi, obhejane, zase-Afrika, amadube, antelopes, izindlulamithi, amabhubesi ravening, izingulule, izingwe, izimpisi izimpungushe. iqoqo okunjalo izilwane zasendle ngenxa yizinhlobonhlobo nemvelo. Lapha nge entabeni amahlathi emvula adjoin le savannah nge izihlahla eziluhlaza entendeni, acacias nomoya-baobab ngesiNgisi ngokubabazekayo.

kwenchubo zezombusazwe

Bezungeza echibini omangalisayo amazwe amathathu: Mozambique, Malawi naseTanzania. Phakathi ezimbili zokugcina isikhathi eside kwakukhona ingxabano mayelana ubunikazi emanzini echibini. Futhi bonke ngenxa yokuthi eminyakeni ngezindlela eziningi ichaza imingcele kobunikazi: kufika iMpi Yezwe umugqa wagijima phakathi wangaphambili baseNyasaland nesiJalimane eMpumalanga Afrika, futhi ngemva kuka-1914 - echibini kwaba ku-akhawunti e Malawi.

Ngezinye izikhathi lezi izingxabano kwaholela izibhelu. Kodwa kuze kube manje, ugqozi etsha kancane, futhi Malawi ayisaxhunyanisiwe ukulithola ilungelo labo ukuphikisa phambi kwethu. Nakuba okuqondene ingxenye impikiswano yaseTanzania akusho ngokusemthethweni bona.

Kucatshangwa ngakho konke lokhu kuyingxenye futhi umcengezi yayo Njasa kulingana ihlukaniswe kanje: Malawi kungaphansi-68% kwesigubhu, Tanzania - 25%, kanye neMozambique -% 7 kuphela umcengezi.

ukudoba

Inani elikhulu izinhlanzi ziye zaba nomthelela ekwakhekeni ukudoba ezifana ukudoba. Umthamo wonyaka izinhlanzi kuvuna lapha amathani amahlanu anesixhenxe amawaka, anamakhulu ngonyaka, zazo 2/3 zakhiqizwa wendawo abadobi Afrika.

Development of yokudoba kuye kwaholela ekuveleni ku lweLake Isi-Nyasa yabadobi nemizana ezihlala kuphela ngokusebenzisa ukudayiswa catch. Yiqiniso, encane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa izakhamizi ukukhiqizwa kudle ngokwabo, kodwa iningi liqhubeka ukudayiswa - inhlanzi ngibhema noma omisiwe futhi ithengiswa njengoba enjalo, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa abaxhumanisi.

Okusanda, Lake Isi-Nyasa kwaba ngezizathu zezimboni yokudoba izinhlanzi, futhi lendawo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi bakwamanye amazwe. Leyo misebenzi bagxile ngokuphelele emakethe. Ngesikhathi nokulahla abadobi, ngokungafani kuya abadobi Afrika baye zinakho imikhumbi yesimanje.

Naphezu sisikhulu ngoba inhlanzi, ngokujulile ichibi uhlala maloispolzovannoy - ukunweba ukudoba ezindaweni kudingeka ngcono ezobuchwepheshe, ngokulandelana, zidinga imali eningi. Futhi kusadingeka ukukhiqizwa ngokwanele eduze ogwini, ukuze izindleko ezingenasidingo akekho usulungile.

ezokuvakasha

Nobuhle Lake Isi-Nyasa e ngokwalo belingenakukwazi ukuyiqukatha enze imbangela yokugogobala kwezivakashi. Kodwa umbuso okusolisayo kwaba lunye commercial hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi eliganukejako abatshuzi.

Okwamanje, kukhona izinkambo ekhethekile eLake Malawi kubalandeli bagxuma zibabaza ubuhle bomhlaba kwamanzi. Ikhona yini enye indlela? Phela, ezihlukahlukene okunjalo izinhlanzi aquarium, kanye namanzi ukucaciseleka (ukubonakala kufinyelelwa at ibanga amathathu metres) ayinakho analogue ku lonke elase-Afrika.

Ngokuvamile, lezi izinkambo zihlanganisa kokubili diving emini nobusuku diving. Ngaphezu ukubhukuda, izintaba nokungcebeleka kwezithuthi sihambahamba osebeni lomfula olunothile echibini.

Kepha sondelani hhayi kuphela abatshuzi. Ngo-1934, izingxenye ezithile endaweni sekuthiwe ihlathi imithombo ezingcwele yezinyoni, ngo-1972 endaweni yabo liye landa ngamaphesenti izikhathi eziningana, okwaholela ukudalwa esiqiwini. Ngokwesibonelo, zezinyoni, kuye kwafa abacwaningi ungenza izinto ezimbalwa, ubukele labantu elikhulu ezinkozi Anglers abathanda ukuzingela isidleke ogwini echibini.

Journey Niassa, kanye nomlando wayo, ngeke abashiye ubani nandaba!