Ungayiphuzisa kanjani isihlahla ukuze usule ngokushesha?

Imibuzo mayelana nokuqukethwe kwezihlahla endaweni engadini ngokuvamile ibilise ekufuneni izindlela zokupheka, ukuqinisa nokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo. I-Dacha nabalimi balwela ukudala izimo eziphezulu kakhulu zomsebenzi obalulekile ngokugcwele wesistimu yezimpande, i-trunk nomqhele. Noma kunjalo, kukhona neminye imibuzo - isibonelo, kunokuba uthele umuthi ukuba ubune? Izindlela ezinjalo zokuqothula izitshalo zibonakala zihlambalaza, kodwa kunezimo lapho kungekho lutho oluhlukile.

Ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali ngamapulangwe, ikakhulukazi, kungadingeka lapho isiqu sinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-30 cm, futhi isikhala esiseduze nayo sithathwe izakhiwo noma ezinye izindawo zokutshala. Ngakho-ke, kuyingozi kakhulu ukuwa noma ukusika umuthi onjalo, futhi ukubulawa okusheshayo ngeke kubangele inkathazo enkulu futhi kuzoholela ekuhlosweni okuhlosiwe. Into eyinhloko ukukhetha izindlela zokunakekela izinkuni ezisemqoka, ezenza kube lula.

Imiphumela yamakhemikhali ekubhujisweni kwezihlahla

Amakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ezolimo nokulima ukumelela izihlahla kuthinta lonke uhlelo lwempande. Ukunquma ukuthi ungayiphuzisa yini isihlahla, ukuze siphume ngokushesha, kubalulekile ukucabangela izindawo zomhlabathi. Kwezinye izimo, ukucubungula okwengeziwe nokwakhiwa kwezicubu eziphilayo zezitshalo kanye namagxolo kungadingeka. Futhi, ukuze kube nomthelela omkhulu, kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi kungenzeka ukusika isiqu, bese uqhubeka nokuqhutshwa kocingo. Lokhu kuzosheshisa inqubo yokukhipha into engadingeki kusayithi. Manje ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi amakhemikhali azosiza yini emisebenzini enjalo.

I-nitrate ye-sodium

Kubizwa nangokuthi i-potassium. Ngokuvamile le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuqhuma, kodwa ungayisebenzisa ngokuqondile emgqeni womhlabathi noma ngqo esihlahleni. Lena yindlela engcono kunazo zonke kulabo abafuna kunokuba bathele umuthi ukuba bawume, phakathi kwezinhlobo zabantu. Uma lokwakheka kwengezwe emgodini owakhiwe ngokuhlakanipha, lokhu kuzofaka inqubo ejulile yokumisa lesi sihlahla kusukela ezimpandeni kuze kube phezulu komqhele. Cishe ngonyaka kamuva izinkuni zizolahlekelwa amandla okuphila, futhi zingashiswa. Uma kusetshenziselwa ukuchelela okujwayelekile, ukomisa kungase kubambezeleke - kodwa kunoma yikuphi emva kweminyaka embalwa umphumela okulindelekile uzotholakala.

Ammonium nitrate

Isimiso sokusebenza kanye nesimo sokusetshenziswa kwaleli thuluzi kufana naleso sangaphambilini, kodwa kukhona umehluko owodwa. Ngonyaka, awudingi ukubeka umlilo emthini, ngoba u-saltpeter osuselwa e-ammonium (noma urea) unikeza inqubo ephuthumayo yokwehla kwesakhiwo sezinkuni. Leliphuzu elibalulekile, ngoba abaningi abalimi abaqalayo abanomdla kuphela ekutheni umuthi uyomisa, kodwa futhi bafuna izindlela zokususa izinsalela zesitshalo ngendlela elula futhi engenabungozi. Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa i- ammonium nitrate, ngisho ne- root system ihambelana nenhlabathi, inikeza umquba womsoco. I-core of the trunk ekubonisweni kokuqala kokuma, ungazama ukususa, futhi endaweni esanda kumiswa ukugcwalisa isisombululo - ikakhulukazi izimpande.

Ukubulala amagciwane

Iqembu lonke lezidakamizwa, ngosizo lwazo zonke izimila ezibhujiswayo. Kukhona namathuluzi akhethekile okulwa nezinhlobo ezithile zemithi yezithelo. Imithi enjalo iqukethe i-glyphosate-into eyenza zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile zaleso sitshalo, zenza ukuthi zime ngokushesha futhi zenze ukufa kuseduze. Ukuphendula umbuzo, yini enganisela umuthi ukuze wome, ungabiza ngokuthi "i-Tornado" ne "Roundup". Lezi zidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa izithelo ezingavumelekile kanye nemiberi nezihlahla eziwusizo. Futhi lezi zimali ziye zathola uhlelo lokusebenza ekuvuseleleni izilwane ezincane ezincane ezinenani eliphansi, lapho zisebenza nezihlahla ezincane ezixutshwe futhi zisuswe ezinhlobonhlobo ze-coniferous.

Imithi "Arbonal" ne "Arsenal" nayo isakazwa. Zinomphumela oqhubekayo ezihlahleni. Ukubunjwa kwabo kuhlanganisa imithi ye-imazapyr, eyandisa umphumela wamakhemikhali. Ngenxa yalesi sithasiselo, ungakwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga, kunokuthululela izimpande zomuthi ukuze ubune ngisho nasesimweni sokukhula okungapheli. Ukusebenza kwalezi zindlela kukhonjiswe nalokho okusebenzayo emahlathini amakhulu, ezindaweni zokulima kanye nasezindaweni zezolimo, lapho kubonisa khona ikhono eliphakeme lokungena.

"Pikloram"

Umuthi osebenza kahle, lapho kungenzeka khona ukulungisa isisombululo sokuvimbela ukukhula kwezihlahla ezingafuneki nezihlahla. Kuyafaneleka, ngaphezu komphumela omuhle, kungenzeka ukufaka amathuba amaningi okufaka isicelo. Isibonelo, sisetshenzisiwe futhi njengendlela yokupuniza - ngezinye izikhathi kuphumelela kakhulu kunokuthulula umuthi ukuze usheshe masinyane ngokuphatha umhlabathi. Yiqiniso, i-"Picloram" isebenza ngokuphumelelayo emigqeni yomhlabathi. Isixazululo sifike emigqeni ejulile yenhlabathi, ngenxa yalokho uhlelo lwempande lufa. Lesi senzo singalinganiswa ne-benzoic halogenated acids, okwamanje, ene-phytotoxicity encane.

Ikhono lokusebenzisa amakhemikhali

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha izihlahla kanye nezinhlelo zezimpande ngamakhemikhali ukuze zibhubhise. Okuvame kakhulu ukuphuza. Abalimi abaningi babuzwa kahle umbuzo, ukuthi yini okuyokwenza umuthi ubune futhi ufe. Ukuphuza okunamandla kuzonikeza umphumela omuhle, uma unyakazisa ubuso bomhlabathi ngaphambi kokuba uwenze. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukusheshisa ukuhamba kwezici zamakhemikhali ezimpandeni zomuthi. Kwezinye izimo, emisebenzini enjalo, izithiyo zekhonkolo nazo zisetshenziselwa, ngaphakathi lapho izinto ezigxile khona futhi zithonya elikhulu.

Ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa amakhemikhali

Ngenkathi yokuchelela, amakhemikhali angena ezimpandeni, esebenza lapho, enza ukuthi wonke umuthi ume. Kodwa ezinye izindlela zokwethulwa kwamakhemikhali zenziwa namuhla - lokhu kungenziwa ukwethulwa kwezijovo, ukwelashwa kwamahlamvu, amagxolo kanye nokwakhiwa kwemibono ekhethekile ngemigodi lapho isisombululo sithela khona. Kunqunywe, kunokuba uphuze umuthi, ukuze wome, ungasebenzisa izindlela ezikhulunywe ngazo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Okusho ukuthi, uthele uhlelo lwempande nge-nitrate, bese usebenzisa izinhlamvu noma ukubandakanya ukwethula ukwelashwa. Uma indlela yokuchayeka ngokusebenzisa izicubu eziphilayo isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka izici zokuhamba kwejusi kunhlobonhlobo ethile. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngesikhathi sehlobo, ijusi eligeleza eliphuma esilonda lingase libe yisithiyo sokumnika amakhemikhali.

Yini okufanele ngiyicabangele lapho ngisebenzisa amakhemikhali?

Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kungadingeki ukuthi kugcinwe izinyathelo zokuqapha, kanye nemithetho yokusetshenziswa. Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko kule ndlela ekubhujisweni kwezimila ezinezinyosi yingozi emhlabathini. Amalungiselelo akhethekile avame ukugwema imiphumela emibi njengendlela yokulimala ezweni lokuzala, kepha lesi sici sisadingeka sicabange lapho sikhetha isixazululo sokunisela umuthi ukuze sibune kanye nezimpande.

Ukwelashwa okuhloswe komuthi owodwa, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo eziphakeme zokuvimbela ukusebenza kwesidakamizwa, kungaholela ekufeni kwezinye izitshalo. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi imithi ingakhula ndawonye izimpande, yakha inethiwekhi eyodwa yamathambo. Ngakho-ke, uma isampula esisodwa sinobuthi, khona-ke umuthi "ohlobene" uzofa maduzane. Bala lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi akunakwenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma isayithi lilawulwa ukutshala okunamandla. Umshuwalense ungenziwa kuphela ngokukhetha ngokucophelela: indlela yokunisela umuthi, ukubola ngaphandle kokuthinta ezinye izitshalo. Kule ndaba, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi imithi yezinhlobo ezihlukene kuphela kodwa futhi neyomzimba ingaphansi kokuhlangana.

Isiphetho

Ukuthulula amakhemikhali emithini ukuwabulala kuyasebenza kakhulu, kodwa kudinga nemibandela eminingi. Ukusebenzisa isisombululo esihle kakhulu ekubunjweni komuthi othize kuzoqeda isidingo sokusebenza okuxubile nokuchitha isikhathi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunengozi yokulimaza ubuningi bomhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, ukucacisa ukuthi ungamanzi yini izimpande zomuthi ukuze ume, kufanele uhlaziye ukuhlaziywa kwamanye amakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele silungiselele ukuthi inqubo yokumisa ngeke isheshe. Ngokwesilinganiso, sekuyiminyaka engu-1-2 - kuye ngezici zomuthi osetshenzisiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi amakhemikhali engadini abe yindlela eyodwa kuphela yokususa izimila ezingadingeki. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kusho izitshalo ezisele ngemuva kokunqunywa. Kwezinye izimo, kunengqondo ukucubungula izindlela ezingasetshenziswa zokuxazulula inkinga kanye nezindlela zomshini, okungakhathaliseki ukuthi nazo zinamaphutha amaningi.