I-Pear Duchess. Ukulima nokunakekelwa. Incazelo yokuhlukahluka

Iphayari, ukubaluleka kwayo okukuzo izithelo ezimnandi ezivuthiwe kanye nokuvuna okuvame ukuhlala njalo, kuyinhlobonhlobo yensimu. Kusuka kulesi sithelo uthola imiphunga emihle kanye ne-compotes, iwayini elikhanyayo, i-marmalade enhle. Iphunga elimnandi nelinambitheka elimnandi liyigugu uma lidliwa ngendlela entsha.

Izinzuzo zeDuchess

Enye yamazinga ezinhlobonhlobo ze-dessert yi-Pear Dushes - okumnandi futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, umkhiqizo onempilo, equkethe inombolo enkulu yezinto ezilandelwayo ezidingekayo eziphilayo.

Umdabu wase-England, wathola ukuthandwa kakhulu ngaphandle kwezwe lakhe phakathi kwabathengi nabalimi ngenxa yezici ezinjengo:

• Bright, ukunambitheka okucebile,
• Umbono okhangayo, othakazelisayo,
• Ukunciphisa ukukhula nokuzilungisa,
• Ukukwazi ukucubungula,
• Impilo ende.

Kungatshalwa kokubili kumasayithi amancane engadini, nangesilinganiso sezimboni. Izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya eDuchesus ezikude 1796 zalethela i-Wheeler umfuyi. Ukubonga kutholile ukubonga kuWilliam othile, owakhe leli gama ngegama lamanje.

I-Pear Duchess: incazelo

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamapheya kulezi ezihlukahlukene: I-Duchess winter kanye neDuchesse ehlobo. Ayikho umehluko omkhulu, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuvuna, phakathi kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo. Iphayari idla izivuno zasehlobo ngo-Agasti, isivuno sokuqala sizojabulisa eminyakeni emi-5-6 kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala. I-crone ye-peyari yimibala ebanzi, i-pyramidal, enenani elikhulu lamaqabunga. Umuthi omncane; Amaqabunga aqabile futhi abushelelezi amancane, asemasimini aso, afakazela ekugcineni.

In the inflorescence ngokuvamile 5-7 izimbali of medium medium; Bayekezelela kahle ukushintsha kwezimo zezulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zamapareya Ukudonsa kunezici ezinjengalezi, njengezikhathi eziningana nezimbali ezide.

Ukuvunwa okuphezulu kwe-Duchess ezihlukahlukene

Isivuno somuthi owodwa uvame ukufika ku-250 kg yamapheya wekhwalithi elihle kakhulu. Izithelo ezinkulu noma eziphakathi (ezincane azenzeki), gcina esihlahleni ngokuqinile, kuze kufike ukuvuthwa ngokugcwele, ube nesimo se-oblong esenziwe nge-pear kanye nesimo esithile esincane. Isisindo sesisindo sepey elilodwa singama-gramu angu-170; 200 amagremu - uma umuthi usemusha. Faka ikhasi eliphansi, elimhlophe futhi elimnandi; Ekuqaleni kweqoqo, ipeyari inemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi ku-dot dot - isithelo esivuthiwe ngokugcwele. I-pulp eliphuzi elimhlophe, elinamanzi, elinomsoco omuhle we-muscat, ligcwala nje emlonyeni. Ngokwesistimu ye-5, ama-tasters ahlola ukunambitheka kwawo ngamaphuzu angu-4.8. Ukuqoqwa kwezithelo kuqala engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti; Amapheya, athathwe ngesikhathi esifanele, agcinwe amaviki amabili, esikhathini sokugcina isiqandisisi senyukela ezinsukwini ezingama-45.

Umhlabathi wepey Dyushes uthanda ovundile futhi ogcwele kahle umswakama. Ukungahleleki kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kungukumelana okuvamile kwesithwathwa nesomiso, kanye nokuthambekela kokubulala ama-aphid, i-medina.

Umcibisholo wobusika - ozalwa eBelgium; Umuthi ude kakhulu, ukhula isikhathi eside, umqhele ububanzi, i-pyramidal. Amaqabunga asayizi obukhulu futhi abe nokuma kwe-ellipse. Inzuzo yalesi sigaba ukuphikiswa okubandayo. Izwe ngaphansi kokutshala kufanele libe nenhlabathi evundile evundile futhi ivikeleke emoyeni. Imiphumela emihle ibonisa ibanga, ihlanganiswe emthonjeni we-dwarfish. Ehlobo elibandayo, ehlobo elimanzi, kunengozi yokulimaza izithelo ngesikhumba, okuzobangela ukulahlekelwa kwezimfanelo zabo.

Izici zokukhula kweDuchesse ebusika

Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zasebusika zaseDuchess ziqala ukuthela izithelo zomnyaka wesi-6 kuya ku-7 wokutshala. Ukuvota ngo-Okthoba, kunendawo yokuvuthwa, eqhubeka kuze kube nguDisemba; Nakuba zonke izici zokunambitheka zigcinwa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokulondoloza, izithelo zingakwazi ukulala kuze kube entwasahlobo (ngo-Ephreli-May), zihlale zihlanzekile. Ubukhulu bamapheya ngokuvamile bukhulu (350-400 amagremu), ezinye izibonelo zingadlula isigamu se kilogram. Ubuhle obuhle, isikhumba esiphuzi nekhanda elibushelelezi kubenza bakhangele kunoma ubani, ngisho nomthengi ongenakuqhathaniswa kakhulu. Futhi iphunga elingavamile elihlanganiswe nokunambitheka okumnandi, elihlanjululwa ngento encane yokumuncu, kuyojabulisa noma yikuphi okugugu.

Ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka kanye nezakhiwo eziwusizo zesitshalo kungabangela ukuqoqwa kwawo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Esinye isitshalo sikwazi ukunikeza cishe ama-100 kg wepears eliphakeme elimnandi. Izithelo zingahlala esihlahleni isikhathi eside, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezingahle zingakwazi ukuwa ngenxa yesisindo sabo esindayo.

Yasebenzisa ngempumelelo amaDuches aphakathi kwemithi, njengento ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni imithi elwa namakhaza.

Ukuvotela

Zombili izinhlobonhlobo zeqembu leDuchess zizikhukhumeza. Ngakho-ke, badinga i-pollinator. Ihlobo elihle kunazo zonke eliphakathi kwe-Duchess ehlobo liyabona ukuvotela abantu abanjengoLesnaya Bela, uBere Ardapon, uLyubimitsa Klappa, Pass Krassan, Olivier de Serre, uBere Bosk. Ubusika bukhetha impova kusuka ku-Olivier de Serre, uBere Ardanton noWilliams.

Izihlahla zeqembu eliseDuchess zijwayele ukubekezelela ukungabi nomswakama emhlabathini, kodwa kusadingeka ukuthi ziphuze. Ukunisela kuqhutshwa emanzini amabhakede amabili ngonyaka wonyaka wokuphila komuthi wezithelo ngaphambi nangemva kwezimbali. Uma kunesidingo, ungakwazi ukuthulula futhi - ekwindla.

Ukutshala i-Duchess eliphakathi

Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokutshala izithombo zamapheya siyingxenye yesibili ka-Ephreli, futhi kubalulekile ukuba nesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba i-Bust ihlume. Ukujuliswa kwesitshalo akumukeleki, ngoba kungabangela ukufa kwayo. Uma ufika emgodini, ukujula okumele kube njalo kumamitha ayi-1, futhi ububanzi - 60-70 cm, awukwazi ukugcwalisa umquba omusha, ngoba ungabangela ukushisa ezimpandeni. Uma inhlabathi ingekho emabhokisini okutshala, inhlabathi evundile kufanele ithulwe, futhi lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kusengaphambili, ekwindla. Thuthukisa inhlabathi kangcono ngenhlanganisela yezwe elivundile, i-peat kanye ne-compost (amabhakede amabili emgodini ngamunye). Kule nhlanganisela kuyadingeka ukwakha isigaxa esingasakaza ngayo izimpande zesithombo. Omunye umuthi wesikhathi esizayo uzodinga ukwesekwa okunamandla, ngakho udinga ukushayela phansi emhlabathini futhi ubophe isiqu somuthi kuso. Ukuze ugweme ukulimala ku-trunk, i-garter kufanele yenziwe ngendlela yesibalo-nesishiyagalombili.

Isici esibalulekile ekunakekeleni isitshalo sihlanganisa, esinqumayo ukuvikelwa kwenhlabathi ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa. Ngama-pears, i-mulch ikhetheka ukusebenzisa umquba, ama-humus, utshani nokhula. Lokhu kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kuqhutshwe ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kokuncipha emazingeni okushisa, okuvela khona amaDuches pear.

Incazelo yezici zokunakekela isihlahla

Ukuze ulondoloze isitshalo kusuka emaqanda kanye nemimoya yokubhoboza ebusika kudingeka ufihle ebusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, phansi kwe-trunk kufanele ifakwe nge-newsprint noma indwangu yokotini. Isivikelo esingcono kakhulu semvelo sesitshalo sesitshalo kusuka ebanda yiqhwa; Kudingeka ukushisa nxazonke ze-seedling ngangokunokwenzeka. Izihlahla ezindala zidinga ukuvikelwa ezigodini; Ngalokhu, nxazonke zepeyari kudingeka ukuba wenze izicucu ezincane noma ukuvikela isayithi ngezihlahla.

Ukutshala izihlahla entwasahlobo. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokutshala, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa amagatsha ase-lateral phezu kwezinso, ingxenye eyodwa kuya kwengxenyeni ephakathi kwesiqu, lokhu kuzobangela ukuba umuthi ukhule hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa nasezinhlangothini.

Ngonyaka wesibili, ingxenye eyinhloko isifinyelelwe ngu-20-25 cm, futhi i-cone esakhiwe ngamathambo isakhiwe emagatsheni ase-lateral, okudingeka adutswe ama-5-8 cm, amagatsha aphansi abe ngaphezulu kunamaphesenti angaphezulu.

Imithetho yezondlo zokudla

Iphayari, njenganoma isiphi isitshalo, idinga ukufaka umquba. Ngonyaka wokuqala awukwazi ukukhiqizwa, ngoba umgodi wokufika uthuthukisiwe.

Ingxenye eyinhloko yomanyolo iyadingeka ukuba isetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokuwa, imifino ephilayo yonke iminyaka emithathu (5-8 kg ngalinye 1 m ² ), umanyolo wamaminerali njalo ngonyaka (20-30 g potassium chloride, 20-25 g of saltpeter, 20-25 g superphosphate). Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufakwe emigodini eyisiyingi eguqulwe nxazonke kulesitshalo ngokujula kuka-15-20 cm.

Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane

Ukuze uvikele ukulwa nesibalo esithinta amaqabunga nezithelo, izihlahla ziyadingeka ngenkathi kuhluma ihlumela futhi ekupheleni kwenqubo yezimbali 1% i-Bordeaux liquid noma isixazululo se-0.5% se- chloride yethusi. Amaqabunga amadala anconywa ukuba ashise (njengoba awumthombo oqondile wokusabalalisa isikhumba), futhi abuyele emkhakheni wesigodi ukuze asebenze isisombululo se-0.3% se "Nitrafen".

Umzabalazo we-medina, ovame ukuvuna izithelo namaqabunga awile futhi ubeka amaqanda lapho, uqukethe ukwelashwa kwesihlahla (ngaphambi kokuqhuma) ngamalungiselelo anjenge "Carbophos" (amalitha ayishumi amanzi - 90 g) noma "Oleokuprit". Ukusuka kwezimpungushe ze-medina kungenziwa kuqedwe ngosizo lwe-organophosphate insecticides.

I-Pear Duchesse, ukubuyekezwa kwabalimi be-amateur okuyizinto ezihle kakhulu, kunconywa ukutshala kunoma iyiphi indawo engadini; Ukungahloniphi ekuhlakuleleni, izimfanelo eziphakeme kakhulu, ukuthutha okuhle kanye nokugcina isikhathi eside kwenza lesi sithelo sibe nesidingo phakathi kwabathengi abaningi.