Womuntu platelet umsebenzi. Yikuphi umsebenzi wenziwa zegazi

Ama-platelet I ungomunye yezingxenye ezinkulu igazi lomuntu. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuba silondoloze amazinga abo bayizakhamuzi ezivamile, noma kwengozi yizifo ezibhubhisayo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuze ukwazi ukuthi umsebenzi wenziwa yi-platelet.

imiqondo eyisisekelo

Ama-platelet I kukhona oyindilinga zegazi okuyinto iqhaza hemostasis normalizing. Ngu isakhiwo ezincane kwengqamuzana, akudingeki cores. ubukhulu yabo imayelana 3 microns. Basuke kumiswa megakaryocytes umnkantsha. Esegazini, lezi zinto lihlale kusuka 5 kuya ku-11 izinsuku. Khona-ke libhujiswa ngo ubende kanye esibindini.

Ethembele platelet abe ukuma oyindilinga ka idiski. Ngesikhathi ukusebenza, baba bandisa futhi babe efana sphere. Njengoba umsebenzi oyinhloko zegazi imithambo yegazi ukuze unciphise Ukuvikelwa ukusikeka, akha amaqhubu ethize ebizwa pseudopodia. Nge salezi ziboya ithole enamathiselwe nomunye, isb ezihambayo esinyathelweni wokuhlanganisa. Khona-ke amaseli zithobele ingxenye ezilimele bomkhumbi. Leli khono ngokuthi adhesion. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi platelet bayakwazi baphonse eziningi igazi ewusizo micro-izingxenye, ezifana enzyme-serotonin, Adp, fibrinogen nabanye. Lokhu ihlukanisa kubo evela kwamanye amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.

Ikhaya platelet umsebenzi

Njengoba yaziwa, lezi egazi ezizibandakanyile enqubeni ekunqandeni, okungukuthi e hemostasis. Lona umsebenzi oyinhloko platelet. Ukuze umzimba womuntu, le nqubo ingenye eyinhloko. It kukuvumela ukuthi uvimbele abalulekile ukopha phakathi umonakalo ezinzima.

Nale umsebenzi platelet womuntu, izindonga semithambo waqina ngokwengeziwe. Tau isikhathi esifushane clog ukulimala. Eqinisweni, lezi egazi ukudlala indima plug eyinhloko semithambo. Zidilika kwenzeka nokuxhumana enzyme, amaprotheni mayelana 40-izingxenye. Lena indlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yemvelo lapho indima esemqoka eyadlalwa zegazi, prothrombin futhi fibrinogen. Ukuxhumana salezi zici kwenzeka oketshezini olungenambala lwegazi.

Asizayo platelet umsebenzi

Ngaphezu izakhiwo zokuzivikela, le Reds idatha ipuleti unesinye ikhono ewusizo. Siqukethe emandleni endothelium ka Isimiso somuntu sokujikeleza kwegazi. Lokhu izitsha platelet umsebenzi zibalulekile trace izakhi enesandla ukuzinza of ukugeleza corpuscles elibomvu futhi ukusebenza jikelele kwezitho zangaphakathi. Kule impahla, degree of ukuvikelwa umzimba kuncike kakhulu (amasosha omzimba).

Futhi, izakhi egazi bahileleke ukuvuselelwa, okungukuthi, e ukuphulukiswa kwezicubu ngemva ukulimala. Lo mphumela ibangelwa sokuhlukanisa inqubo esasizosheshisa nokukhululwa izitsha. Ngamanye amazwi, umsebenzi platelet odla ingxenye umonakalo kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bababukela laba kanjani nesandla ekukhuleni esasizosheshisa kwamaseli abathintekayo. Ngaphansi inqubo kwakusho division of polypeptide molecule. Phakathi platelet kusebenze kwenzeka nokukhula fibroblasts. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi ekhiqizwa microcomponents obhekene cell ukuguqulwa kanye insulin ezingeni yokutakula.

kuyinsakavukela

Kubantu, izinhlayiya zegazi kufanele njalo kube imikhawulo esamukelekile. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlaziya inikezwe amagugu per 1 ilitha igazi. Ngokucacile zokuqopha simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: x10 ⁹ / l. Sivamile omdala inombolo zegazi uhla amayunithi 200 kuya ku-400. Izingane Ezisathomba iminyaka engu-15 kuya ku-18, lezi zibalo - 180-420. Izingane kuze kube iminyaka engu-15 ezingeni lamaseli kuhluka amayunithi 150 450. Ngo izinsana, embundwini obuncane 100, futhi esiphezulu - 400.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abantu besifazane ngaphandle platelet kungenzeka kancane ngezansi amazinga ngenhla. It kuncike izici bokuphila izinga lama-hormone. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaleso sikhathi zokwehlukaniswa ubuncane embundwini platelet count lehla ngokucijile ngenxa ukopha. Namuhla kunesimo esithi asifane siyenzeka kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, lapho kungenzeka ezingeni lamaseli okuzivuselela zingancishiswa kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa ukwanda umthamo uketshezi egazini. Ngakho-ke, lapho ehlaziya ukwehla waphawula kunombolo micro-izingxenye. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izinkomba kwamanani platelet - akuyona iphuzu. Imiphumela yokuhlaziya noma kunjalo kubalulekile kudokotela ukwenza izifundo ezengeziwe ukucacisa ukusebenza yezenzo zabo. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi coagulation.

Ngeziphambeko nezimbangela zabo

Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi wabonisa ukuthi umzimba yokuntuleka noma overabundance ka-platelet kuyinto kunesidingo esiphuthumayo ukudlula ngihlolwa ezengeziwe. Yilesi isibonakaliso isixwayiso yokuqala kuwuphawu ukuthuthukiswa isifo esiyingozi kakhulu.

Njengoba platelet kubalulekile ukuze igazi esibalulekile, yimuphi ukuphambuka kusuka kuyinsakavukela kuthinta isimo jikelele zomzimba. Ukunciphisa inani amaseli kwandisa ingozi ukuphulukiswa eside ngisho ne umonakalo omncane. Ngamanye amazwi, igazi ekunqandeni ziyancipha. Ngokwandisa ezingeni platelet isebenze umsebenzi zokuzivikela. Kulokhu, lo ezitsheni uzobe kwakhiwa kwakwakhe ezinkulu eziphula egazini. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona ingozi yokuba amahlule. ngeziphambeko ezesabisa ezindinganisweni yezokwelapha zingase zibe Indlela ekuseni umdlavuza esiteji.

Ukuze kuvikelwe kanye nokugcinwa platelet ukubala, odokotela batusa umsoco ofanele. Ukudla njalo ngobuningi kufanele kube vitamin B12 futhi i-folic acid.

Encishisiwe platelet ukusebenza

Lesi simo kwenzeka uma ukunciphisa okuphawulekayo inani Lentulo lamaseli igazi. Ngenxa yokuncipha kokubaluleka izitho zangaphakathi kukhona okwakumenza angenwe izifo kalula. Lokhu kungaba yingozi kakhulu sesibindi yegilo. Izizathu ukunciphisa isibalo platelet nokusebenza yabo kungaba izifo ezifana nesimungumungwana, wegazi, isimungumungwane. Esabeka kunazo zonke lezi, Umdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla ebonwe iziguli emva nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kanye uma kwenzeka ukweqisa izidakamizwa-aspirin olubi nokuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni. Abanye imithi elwa namagciwane eqinile ezingapheli zingayilimaza ukukhula kwamangqamuzana egazi.

yehlise amazinga platelet zidinga ukwelashwa saziso. Ngokuyinhloko udokotela kumele linqume ejenti kwemithi. Futhi endaweni yesibili kukhona ukudla kanye namakhambi zokuvimbela. izindlela Traditional abanamandla, futhi bephazamisa ukwelashwa kungaholela imiphumela ngenakugwemeka. Kubalulekile ngesikhathi prophylaxis ungathathi igazi thinners, ezifana analgesics, "aspirin" iqembu sulfa.

i overabundance ka-platelet

Ukwandisa izinga lamaseli okuzivuselela ukhuluma ngomdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthinta imisebenzi asizayo ka-platelet. Ukunqwabelana amaseli zingenza nge sepsis noma ukuhlinzwa ezilandelayo ukususa ubende. icala ezingazinye ibe mibi kakhulu njengenkemba ukopha zangaphakathi.
Okusheshayo nesanda platelet e imithambo yegazi kwakhiwa emboloobrazovaniya. Le nkinga idinga isixazululo ngokushesha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-self akukuniki neminye imiphumela. Kukhona ngeke yokwelapha kwemithi kuphela. Imithi ezivamile bungabonakala "pirabutol" futhi "aspirin". Kubalulekile futhi ukuba sigweme noma yikuphi ukunqwabelana zomzimba.

Amathuba isifo

Ngu ukwehlisa ezingeni platelet ingozi eliphezulu anaemia aplastic, isifo Verlgofa futhi Gaucher tsitopenichesky purpura.

Nge ukwanda isibalo abomvu amapuleti kukhona kungenzeka of udenga imfiva kanye hemolytic syndrome. Kodwa kuqala kunazo zonke kumele ayohlolwa ngoba ephethwe umdlavuza.

Ukwephula platelet wokuhlanganisa futhi adhesion imiphumela Bernard-Soulier syndrome, von Willebrand Pudlaka, Scott.

Lapho ukwehluleka lokugayeka kokudla amangqamuzana abomvu waphawula isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, ischemic isifo senhliziyo, isifo cerebrovascular futhi ophakeme, umalaleveva, isifuba somoya, futhi umdlavuza.