Imisipha aphansi esitho umuntu: ukwakheka kwazo, imisebenzi

nemilenze Lower (imilenze) bekezelela layisha ngokwanele ezinkulu. umsebenzi wabo ukuqinisekisa ukunyakaza kanye nokwesekwa. Imisipha wemikhawulo aphansi, anatomy zazo uzobe wachaza ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni zibhekwa onamandla kunayo yonke. Ngokulandelako, cabangela imisipha imilenze kakhudlwana.

Uhlolojikelele

Imisipha obuntu Ukukhula kwezitho zangaphezulu nangaphasi muhle kakhulu. Bona ulungise flexion, isandiso, adduction, ukuthunjwa umlenze ngesikhathi nedolo hip ngokuhlanganyela, ukunyakazisa iminwe nezinyawo. nemilenze Lower zihlanganisa amaqembu amabili kwemisipha. Esokuqala fibre ukhalo. Iqembu lesibili siqukethe le ephansi imisipha emkhawulweni amahhala. Ezicutshini yesifunda okhalo empeleni iqala kusukela ukhalo, lumbar amathambo futhi endaweni sacrum. Le micu nazo eqondiswa kunawo wonke. Izinjongo imisipha umlenze yingxenye hold umzimba esimweni mpo, isandiso / flexion we ngokuhlanganyela hip ukudidiyelwa ukunyakaza senyonga. Imisipha khulula aphansi esitho izingxenye zihlanganisa hip, unyawo nomlenze aphansi.

imisipha hip

Imisipha wemikhawulo engezansi umuntu kule ndawo zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu. Ngakho, anterior elingalodwa, posterior futhi medial. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa flexors, owesibili - the extensors. Iqembu lesithathu lihlanganisa imisipha, okuholela kwethanga lika umlenze. Nge mass abalulekile nobude imisipha nemilenze womuntu aphansi ingaqala unamandla amakhulu. Umsebenzi wabo kudlulela kwedolo futhi hip amalunga omzimba. imisipha ethangeni wenza imisebenzi ashukumisayo futhi static bezihambela imile. Kanye izingxenye ukhalo, le micu ukuthola izinga eliphelele zawo zentuthuko ngokuqondene nekhono ukuhamba uqotho.

Imisipha nasemilenzeni engezansi: anatomy. Ngaphambili ethangeni iqembu imisipha

Kuhlanganisa sartorius. Le micu uqale kusukela anterior aphakeme iliac ithambo. Ingxenye kweqa femoral ebusweni medial, obliquely phansi. Isayithi lokunamathelisa - the tuberosity we tibia futhi fascia we umlenze aphansi. Kuleli qophelo, le micu yakha aponeurosis. Kusayithi lokunamathelisa is tho izakhi efanayo semitendinosus futhi gracilis, ukwakha fibrous ipuleti esingunxantathu - "ihansi foot". Ngaphansi kwalo kuyinto isikhwama sakhe. Lokhu imisipha we ephansi kwemilenze noma ukuvula ethangeni kwangaphandle, ukugoba yakhe wamletha umlenze.

fibre quadriceps

Bakha imisipha futhi omkhulu. It is zihlukaniswa mass esikhulu. Quadriceps kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezine: phakathi, medial, ezilingene ngqo. Cishe kuzo zonke izinhlangothi kwezintambo zesivikelo sesifuba eseduze kunawo wonke. Esesithathu distal ikhanda 4 ifomu eyodwa umsipha. It unamathele tubercle tibial, ohlangothini imiphetho kanye phezulu patella.

fibre ngqo

Basuke ezakhiwe unengalo kusukela ngaphambili engezansi ilium. Phakathi zemicu ithambo Bursa. Imisipha eyehlayo ngaphambili okuhlangene hip. Wabe kuziwa kwamanzi phakathi ingxenye futhi ekuhlanganiseni fibre fascia lata. Ngenxa yalokho, kuthatha isikhundla phambi ububanzi imisipha Lesisemkhatsini. Iphela ingxenye umsipha. It eqondiswa ila patella. Rectus ezahlukene isakhiwo feathery.

ingxenye lateral

Lokhu ezibanzi ethangeni imisipha is kubhekwe kunazo zonke kwezingu-amane. Kuqala kusukela umugqa intertrochanteric, tuberosity gluteal, trochanter okukhulu, engxenyeni engenhla kunawo wonke umugqa anolaka, le septum lateral. I imicu eminingana eqondiswa umsipha rectus imisipha ye esitho engezansi, tubercle tibial, le patella endaweni superolateral. Ingxenye umsipha ubabonisa izithungu usekela umsipha lateral.

medial Ingxenye

Lokhu imisipha ezibanzi ngokwanele has isiqalo ebanzi. It asuka uhhafu ongezansi intertrochanteric, izindebe medial umugqa anolaka, kanye medial septum femoral. Ukotini Wekhethelo benzelwe kuze kube sekupheleni engenhla kumila patella kanye phambi ohlangothini condyle medial phezu tibia. Kwakheka lokhu umsipha imisipha ehilelekile kumiswa usekela medial patellar umsipha.

Imicu yotshani Lesisemkhatsini

Bakha imisipha ezibanzi eqala kusukela engenhla ezimbili kwezintathu zezinkonzo zendawo izinhlangothi ezilingene phambi amathambo kwethanga lika-umzimba, kusukela engxenyeni engezansi izindebe lateral imigqa anolaka kusukela ethangeni ezilingene septum intermuscular. Okuhambisana kumila imisipha patella nangenhliziyo vastus oqondile, ezilingene medial ezihilelekile ekwakhekeni kweNhlangano umsipha ezivamile le femoris quadriceps.

ezicutshini we umlenze aphansi

Yena, njengezinye imisipha aphansi esitho ibhande, is kahle. Lokhu kungenxa imisebenzi ukuthi wenza. Lezi imisipha nasemilenzeni engezansi ehambisana ne-yokuhamba ashukumisayo, ezimile kanye bipedal. Fibre amade baqala ku fascias, ngodonga namathambo. ukunciphisa wabo wokuxhumanisa ukuhamba iqakala uSangweni yena kwamajoyinti. Imisipha emikhawulweni aphansi kulesi sigaba emaqenjini lateral, front futhi bakhulise. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama Longus flexor digitorum: enkulu kanye nazo zonke ezinye, popliteal, futhi soleus izingxenye sural. Futhi ngaphansi kwaleli qembu likhona posterior tibial kwemisipha. Anterior ukukhulula extensor digitorum Longus: ezinkulu kanye nabanye. Futhi lapha kukhona tibialis imisipha anterior. Isigaba lateral ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana eside futhi esifushane peroneal izingxenye.

Iqembu ezingemuva

Ezicutshini ekhadini yakha izingqimba ezijulile futhi ezingabalulekile. Ukuthuthukiswa enkulu kuphawulwe imisipha triceps. It uyagijima okukha phezulu futhi yakha roundness nobuntu umlenze aphansi. ungqimba Deep akha popliteal amancane imisipha ezintathu eside: umunwe flexors: ezinkulu nabanye, kanye tibial posterior. Basuke uhlukane tibia ipuleti fascia soleus ingxenye.

iqembu lateral

Kumiswa It is imisipha peroneal yezingalo nemilenze engezansi: lamafisha. Baqamba amanga ohlangothini lateral we tibia. Lezi imisipha phakathi septum intermuscular (front futhi bakhulise) ngaphansi fascia.

ezicutshini senyawo

Bekanye uvala emathanjeni ngu imisipha tibia izingxenye ezikubhizinisi amaqembu lateral, front futhi bakhulise, phansi ingxenye kuphulwe imilenze yabo siqu (dlala) zesivikelo sesifuba. Ziyakwazi isiqalo isayithi okunamathiselwe isendaweni skeleton of the ngezinyawo. imisipha iDemo sibe nobuhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi yokwakheka-functional, futhi kwendawo kanye imisipha tibia imisipha, okuyinto izihlalo uvala nazo esisogwini amathambo umlenze.

Ezicutshini yamathe onyawo

Le ndawo medial elingalodwa (e lezwaneni olukhulu), lateral (esifundeni umunwe kancane) nokwesibili (Intermediate) amaqembu kwemisipha. Ematheni ukwahlukana lokuqala nelesibili, kunalezo phezu uhlangothi, inikeza inombolo ezincane imicu. Isilinganiso ku imisipha unyawo ziyaqiniswa. Ngokuvamile, khona base 14 Imicu yotshani iDemo. izingxenye ezintathu ezingasuthi medial band 2 ukwakha lateral. Njengengxenye ingxenye maphakathi imisipha 13: 7 intercostals futhi 4 worm-like, kanye isikwele flexor iDemo. Ukugcinwa isifinyezo sezinto indima ebalulekile ukudlala, hhayi kuphela imisipha unyawo ngokwayo, kodwa futhi umlenze aphansi. Ngenxa yalokho, lo voltage we-apharathasi ligamentous is kakhulu ziyancipha.

Imisele nemisele

Ziyakwazi nezinzwa, nezitsha ezinkulu igazi emilenzeni. I femoral ingxenye ukuthi akuphi phakathi medial futhi anterior amaqembu eduze kwedolo ngokuhlanganyela - ku fossa popliteal, ematheni - phakathi maphakathi kanye ezilingene medial phakathi Ngokwesilinganiso, emlenzeni - phakathi komhlaba ezingemuva imisipha.

imisipha okhalo yezingalo nemilenze engezansi: etafuleni

Le ndawo ine okuhlangana cishe ongasanyakazi nge emgogodleni sacral. Kule ndaba, imisipha, asimise iragela phambili, akukho. Nokho, imisebenzi joint hip nomgogodla ukulawula lezi imisipha nasemilenzeni engezansi indoda. Umdwebo ongezansi uchaza ngokufingqiwe lonke ulwazi.

Ubuhlungu imilenze

Soreness bemisipha angagcina ngenxa pathologies ezehlukene. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa:

• izifo yomgogodla (sciatica kanye sciatica, neuritis futhi neuralgia).
• Pathology lamathambo, nemisipha futhi kwenza amalunga omzimba (arthrosis, samathambo, bursitis, fascia plantar, tendonitis, izinyawo flat, waphuka, izimila).
• umonakalo Direct kwemisipha (nemisipha ziklebhukile, myositis, fibromyalgia, amajaqamba, ukukhathala kanye uhlobo).
• Yokuphazamiseka izinqubo umzimba nezicubu sokugembula (cellulite, ukukhuluphala, njll).

Lapho paratenonitah mioentezitah futhi kukhona ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga edonsa uhlamvu. Kuphakama ngenxa izilonda ukuvuvukala nasemlenzeni umsipha zesivikelo sesifuba. Imbangela isifo iyona ukuzikhandla ngokweqile imisipha ngokumelene ingemuva zokucindezeleka okukhulu. Izifo ephelezelwa ukwakheka microtraumas imisipha nemisipha. Njengoba ezengeziwe engcupheni umusa supercooling, pathologies ezingamahlalakhona ukukhathala jikelele.

Ekuphetheni

Njengoba wazi, imisipha ezizibandakanyile emsebenzini ukugeleza kwegazi ngemithambo. Phakathi imisipha ukuqeqeshwa wenziwa kanyekanye yokwanda kwesisindo esivimba amanzi. It ikuvumela ukuba athwale imithwalo esindayo. Ngo inqubo umsebenzi kwemisipha emzimbeni ume compounds eziphila abakhuthele - endorphins. Isiza lithathelwe izicubu kanye izitho ezihlukahlukene imithelela emibi navusa ekuqhumeni nobungqabavu. Against ngemuva umzimba kukhona uhlelo emizimbeni ukushukuma ukuzivikela. Kule ndaba, ochwepheshe batusa ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, umsebenzi, ukwenza umzimba Gymnastic, sihambahamba. Lemisebenti zibaluleke ngokukhethekile asebekhulile. Lapho usebenzisa ebuntwaneni kwakheka ukuma lesifanele, silingane skeleton ekuthuthukiseni kanye ezicutshini.