Diethyl ether - ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha

Esters ka - imikhiqizo esikhundleni of hydrogen athomu iqembu hydroxyl e alcohols noma phenols carbon R olukhulu: R1-O-R2. Diethyl ether - ifomula H3C-O-CH3. Ukuze ejwayelekile ester isomerism hydrocarbon iketango metamerism. Eyokuqala hlobo isomerism ngenxa branched hydrocarbon chain. Metamerism - uhlobo isomerism lapho ezimbili noma ester ngaphezulu babe ifomula yamangqamuzana efanayo, kodwa isakhiwo ezahlukene yamangqamuzana, ngenxa ezizivelelayo ezahlukene nhlangothi zombili oxygen "ibhuloho '.

Diethyl ether: ukuthola

Ethers uzilungiselele synthetically (ngokwemvelo abazi zenzeka isimo khulula). Synthesize esters ingasetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningana: i-amanzi emzimbeni ka alcohols usebenzisa acid yezimbiwa, alcoholates sokuphindisela ne alkyl Halogen. Dimethyl futhi methyl ETHYL esters kukhona state gaseous, abameleli ezimbalwa ezizayo - izixazululo, ephakeme - ukudla okuqinile. Esters ka kabi oncibilikayo emanzini kodwa kalula ezihogelwayo, futhi abameleli isilinganiso (diethyl elithi ether, dipropyl elithi ether, futhi propyl) - esihle ezihogelwayo. Izakhiwo zanoma kubo iyashiyana ngesikhathi isisindo yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Diethyl ether kwaba kahle exutshwe i amafutha utshwala, chloroform, benzene, elithi ether, nokudla okunamafutha. Lapho ukwephulwa ester izimo isitoreji akhiwa zezakhi obhubhisayo ezinobuthi - hydroperoxides.

Diethyl ether kusetshenziswa imithi. Isetshenziselwa ephefumula izinzwa. Lolu hlobo elinesimo izinzwa evelele excitation isinyathelo (kukhulu umsebenzi inhliziyo, kwandisa semithambo ithoni, isebenze catecholamine excretion, emakamu glucose in ukwanda igazi, pyruvic acid lactate, kuyinto secretory OAmaKristu motor umsebenzi ipheshana wokugaya ukudla). Sicela uqaphele ukuthi uma usebenzisa lolu hlobo izinzwa ether kwenzeka kancane, ngokuvamile kakhulu ezidingekayo ukuze agcine ukuqhanyelwa motor umsebenzi enamandla. A ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile kunomphumela enezici emzimbeni womuntu (imisipha relaxant, analgesic kanye isidakamizwa).

Local Action ester obonakala njengenhlangano ukukhuthazwa kwalapho, lapho isiguli sibe nomphumela indlu. Kule ndaba, ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa ngaphakathi zomshini ukuze alawule motility esiswini, futhi ongama - ngokuba excitation yokuphefumula reflex futhi nokujikeleza kwegazi. Inhalation pair ester obulimaza yomoya ukuthi kubangela reflex okusithiyayo lokuqala ukuphefumula, bese wenza kusebenze i-uketshezi of nezindlala bronchial. Ngokokuqala ngqá i ephefumula izinzwa diethyl ether eyayisetshenziswa oluvelele udokotela ohlinzayo Russian NI Pirogov, umsunguli we ukuhlinzwa ensimini, phakathi neMpi YaseCrimea (1853-1856 GG.).

Diethyl ether abasheshe ugxile nolwelwesi lwamafinyila yaleli pheshana yokuphefumula, kodwa izinzwa ephelele kuza ngemuva kosuku ne-chloroform. umphumela iNarcotic wabonakaliswa kuphela ephefumula ka 5-8% ETHYL ether umusi kanye izinzwa egcwele kwenzeka emizuzwini engu-30 lapho ephefumula 10% we ingxube. umphumela iNarcotic zomuthi isezingeni lokuhlushwa kusuka 110 kuya ku-150 mg 100 ml igazi, ukukhubazeka zokuphefumula kwenzeka esikhungweni 200 mg / 100 ml igazi. Ubude ubuthi ether abangelutho. Zivuka izinzwa kwenzeka emva kwemizuzu 20-40 emva ukumisa ephefumula ka-ether, kodwa evamile umzimba iza ngamahora ambalwa nje kuphela. Kuncike ether ipheshana zokuphefumula nezinso. Balinganiselwa ku-50% we isamba excreted emzimbeni ngesikhathi kuqala imizuzu 30-60 emva izinzwa. Kumele wathi abanye ngemikhiqizo hydrolysis ka diethyl ether kungenziwa isebenze triglyceride nezinye lipids kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.