Isisu umsebenzi kanye nesakhiwo

Ukudla - inqubo ezidingekayo ukusebenza komzimba womuntu. Esiswini inendima enkulu kule nqubo. imisebenzi esiswini usuqala mass ukudla, ukucutshungulwa yayo esinqunyiwe kanye nokugqugquzela okwengeziwe emathunjini, lapho nokwenziwa izakhamzimba. Zonke lezi zinqubo zenzeka pheshana emathunjini.

Isisu: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti

Kuyinto isitho eziyize kwemisipha wokugaya ukudla, okuyinto itholakala ephakathi emphinjeni kanye duodenum 12.

Ngokulandelayo, sizothola ukuthi uyini umsebenzi esiswini futhi sihlaziye isimo sawo.

It siqukethe le izigaba ezilandelayo okunemibandela:

1. Senhliziyo (okokufaka) ohlangothini. lelivakalako salo ngaso 7 izimbambo ngakwesokunxele.
2. Arch noma kwelivi phansi esemgwaqweni emaphethelweni kwesokunxele 5, ngokunembile, uqwanga yayo.
3. NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda esiswini.
4. Pyloric noma pyloric. Ngesikhathi esidayisa isisu iyona sphincter pyloric ehlukanisa esiswini kusukela duodenum 12. Projection umlindisango kuyinto ngaphambili phambi 8th kwesokudla ubambo centerline langemuva phakathi 12 thoracic kanye 1st lumbar vertebra.

Ukuma komzimba sifana ngengwegwe. Lokhu kubonakala ngokukhethekile ngokucacile ku-X-ray. Esiswini has a ugobile ezincane, okuyinto iqondiswa ku-isibindi, futhi ezinkulu ezibhekene ubende.

Udonga umzimba siqukethe izingqimba ezine, yangaphandle elithize abengumsunguli a serosa. nezinye ungqimba Three - yangaphakathi:

1. Imisipha.
2. Submucosal.
3. Okusaluketshezi.

Ngenxa kanzima imisipha ungqimba elele ke submucosa, mucosa has emphethweni eziningi. Izindawo lomzimba fundus lezi emphethweni ube isiqondiso skew, longitudinal futhi transverse, futhi esifundeni ugobile encane - longitudinal kuphela. Ngenxa isakhiwo enjalo esiswini mucosa Kwamanzi zanda kakhulu. Isisiza ukugaya ukudla bolus.

imisebenzi

Yini umsebenzi we isisu? Iningi labo. Sibala main.

• Motor.
• Secretory.
• Ukuncela.
• Excretory.
• Avikelayo.
• Endocrine.

Ngayinye yalezi imisebenzi inqubo ukugaya inendima enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi esiswini sihlolisise. Kuyaziwa ukuthi inqubo wokugaya ukudla iqala umlomo, kukhona ukudla ngokusebenzisa kuqhoqhoqho zingene esiswini.

motor umsebenzi

Esikhathini esiswini, kukhona ukugaya olwengeziwe. Motor umsebenzi esiswini ukunqwabelana mass ukudla, machining yayo kanye nokugqugquzela okwengeziwe emathunjini.

Phakathi kokudla ngemaminithi ekucala emva esiswini lathambisa, ekhuthaza ekuqongeleleni ukudla kuwo, futhi inikeza ukwabiwa uketshezi. Okulandelayo uqale ukunyakaza contractile, elinikeza ungqimba kwemisipha. Ngakho kukhona kuhlangana mass ukudla nge juice esiswini.

Ukuze imisipha nomzimba libhekene lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ukunyakaza:

• Peristaltic (mihlobiso).
• Systole - zenzeka pylorus.
• Tonic - nomthelela ekuncishisweni ubukhulu isisu ingaphakathi (iphansi lalo nomzimba).

Emva kokuthola ukudla kuqala amagagasi peristaltic ababuthakathaka. Lwathi luphela phakathi nehora lokuqala ngemva kokudla, basuke iyakhula, ekhuthaza ukudla bolus ukuba esidayisa isisu. Ingcindezi engxenyeni pyloric ukwanda esiswini. sphincter Pyloric kuvula futhi ingxenye yoquqaba ukudla engena duodenum 12. It uhlala ingxenye enkulu yale mass ubuyela pylorus. Ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi umsebenzi esiswini angeke ehlukanisiwe motor. Zinikeza lo ukugaya homogenization uyaca ukudla futhi ngaleyo ndlela ibe neqhaza ukumuncwa kangcono izakhamzimba esiswini.

umsebenzi Secretory. nezindlala esiswini

Umsebenzi secretory isisu kuyinto amakhemikhali bolus iphathwa ekhiqizwa nge uketshezi. Ngosuku omdala ukhiqiza eyodwa kuya amalitha eyodwa nengxenye of juice esiswini. Kuhlanganisa hydrochloric acid inombolo yama-enzymes: pepsin, lipase futhi chymosin.

Asezindaweni ezikahle kulo lonke lwamafinyila indlala ebusweni. Ziyakwazi nezindlala exocrine ezikhiqiza juice esiswini. umsebenzi esiswini ngokuqondile okuhlobene le mfihlo. I nezindlala zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:

• Senhliziyo. Akhiwe cardia emnyango walo mzimba. Lezi nezindlala ukukhiqiza mucoid slizeobrazny imfihlo. It wenza umsebenzi zokuzivikela futhi isetshenziselwa ukuvikela esiswini, yena self-ukugaya.
• indlala Okukhulu noma fundic. Akhiwe phansi futhi emzimbeni esiswini. Bakha juice esiswini equkethe pepsin e ngezithako zawo. Ngenxa juice ezivezwa ukugaya ukudla senzeka mass.
• Intermediarnye indlala. Akhiwe ewumngcingo zone Lesisemkhatsini phakathi komzimba isisu umlindisango. Lezi nezindlala ukukhiqiza viscous uketshezi mucoid okungukuthi ane-alikhali futhi ivikela isisu kusukela nolaka juice esiswini. Ngo ngezithako zawo, kuhlanganise, kuhlanganisa hydrochloric acid.
• indlala Pyloric. Akhiwe pyloric ingxenye. Okunye, ekhishwa kubo, nakho kunendima okuyifezayo okuvikela imvelo esidi of juice esiswini.

umsebenzi Secretory isisu bunikezwa izinhlobonhlobo ezintathu amaseli: inhliziyo, fundic, noma esemqoka, futhi pyloric.

ukuncela umsebenzi

Leli qembu umsebenzi, kunalokho has a yesibili indima, t. K. Ukumuncwa main kwenzeka iphathwa umsoco esiswini, lapho mass ukudla kulethwa isimo lapho umzimba kungenziwa kalula esetshenziswa wonke lamakhono abalulekile ukuze impilo efana ivela ukudla kulo kwabavela ngaphandle.

umsebenzi excretory

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ka-lymph negazi ngalo ingaphakathi isisu ngokusebenzisa odongeni kuza ezinye izinto, okuyilezi:

• ama-amino acid.
• Amaphrotheni.
• Uric acid.
• Urea.
• Electrolyte.

Uma lokuhlushwa lezi izinto ku inyuka igazi, futhi ukulethwa yabo esiswini luyanda.

umsebenzi Excretory isisu kubalulekile ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi ukudla. Amaphrotheni atholakala nagazi akunakulidla asetshenziswe emangqamuzaneni omzimba. Ziyakwazi kuphela bakwazi ukuqonda umkhiqizo ekupheleni amaprotheni ukuwohloka - amino acid. Ukuphuma igazi zingene esiswini, lapho namaprotheni enzymatically kusetshenzwe okwengeziwe abuye ahlahlele zibe ama-amino acid, abese esetshenziswa ezicutshini zomzimba futhi izitho zomzimba ezibalulekile.

umsebenzi Avikelayo

Lokhu umsebenzi kuqinisekiswa imfihlo, oveza umzimba. Amagciwane Caught zibulawa ukuchayeka juice esiswini, ngokunembile, nge hydrochloric acid ngokutholakala ngezithako zawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, esiswini yakhelwe ukuze lapho singena ikhwalithi embi ukudla, ikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukubuya futhi ukuvimbela ingress izinto ayingozi emathunjini. Ngakho, le nqubo zizokuxwayisa ubuthi.

endocrine umsebenzi

Lomsebenzi wenziwa amaseli endocrine isisu, okuyinto zitholakala mucosal yayo ungqimba. Lezi cell akhiqiza ama-hormone ezingaphezu kwezingu-10 bayakwazi ukulawula umsebenzi esiswini futhi lomgudu wokugaya ukudla bese wonke umzimba. La ma-hormone zihlanganisa:

• Gastrin - ekhiqizwa iningi esiswini G-cells. It ulawula asidi of juice esiswini, obhekene synthesis hydrochloric acid, kanye nomthelela motor umsebenzi.
• Deli - ithiya ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrochloric acid.
• Somatostatin - kuvimbela zamagama insulin kanye glucagon.
• Bombesin - le hormone is kuhlelwe umqondo kokubili ngokuchitha isisu proximal emathunjini amancane. Ngosizo lwawo oyenza ukukhululwa kwe gastrin. Kuphinde kube nomthelela ekuncishisweni kwamacala esinyeni nenyongo futhi pancreatic enzyme umsebenzi.
• Bulbogastron - kuvimbela secretory kanye motor umsebenzi esiswini.
• Duokrinin - kuvusa uketshezi 12-duodenum.
• Vasoactive peptide emathunjini (VIP). Lokhu i-hormone is kuhlelwe umqondo kuzo zonke izingxenye pheshana emathunjini. It kuvimbela synthesis pepsin futhi hydrochloric acid ephumula imisipha abushelelezi gallbladder.

Sithole ukuthi inqubo ukugaya bese ukunikeza imisebenzi ebalulekile emzimbeni sika indima ebalulekile udlalwa yi-isisu. Lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti ke ubizwa nangokuthi.

iziyaluyalu obusebenzayo

Tifo letibangwa ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, ngokuvamile ehambisana ne-kuwukwephula iyiphi yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu. Ukwephula nemisebenzi esiswini ngesikhathi lapho kaningi. pathologies ezinjalo zingase ukukhuluma kuphela uma isiguli ngesikhathi luhlolo wembula kungekho izilonda organic zomzimba.

Ukuphulwa secretory noma motility esiswini kungenzeka ubuhlungu dyspepsia. Kodwa nge ukwelashwa okufanelekile, lezi zinguquko ngokuvamile kukhona emuva.