Osteon - iyunithi isakhi ithambo: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti

Umzimba womuntu amathambo mayelana 206, kodwa bambalwa abantu bazi isakhiwo sabo futhi uqonde ukuthi kungani banamandla ngakho. Kodwa indima eyinhloko kulesi iyona osteon. Le yunithi kwesakhiwo kusukela eyakha amathambo omzimba, izimbambo, amathambo, njll Ingabe elinye igama -. Ohlelweni Haversian.

Isakhiwo ithambo

Kuphela ngenxa isenzo ohlangene skeleton kanye nemisipha yomzimba wethu, siyakwazi ukuhambisa, futhi lokhu umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko. Kukhona Yiqiniso, futhi eyengeziwe - igazi, exchange of izakhi mkhondo, zapasatelnaya (amafutha izinqolobane). Ithanda babe isakhiwo ezilandelayo - amathambo amaseli akhethekile -matrix extracellular, ikhava yangaphandle (periosteum) futhi etholakala maphakathi umnkantsha.

Noma yimuphi ithambo siqukethe izingxenye ezimbili - ketshezi icwecwe futhi sithambile. Eyokuqala itholakala azungeze, kwesibili - maphakathi futhi siqukethe imishayo osseous, hhayi ngezikhathi wahlela, futhi ngo bawuhloniphe ne amandla kwangaphandle ku ithambo endaweni ethile.

Ukwakheka amathambo

Inhlanganisela organic (30-40%) kanye wezinto ezingaphili (60-70%) we izinto isici isakhiwo skeleton. Ngu izinto wezinto zihlanganisa nosawoti ezahlukene amakhemikhali ukwakheka: phosphate, i-calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate nabanye. Bonke ziyoncibilika acid, ngemva kokuzibeka elangeni yayo ithambo kokushiya izinto eziphilayo kuphela, bese ithambo elingaphansi ababukeka sengathi isiponji.

Phakathi izinto eziningi eziphilayo kungenziwa isehlane amafutha mukoproteidov, glycogen futhi collagen ethandele (owawumelelwe ossein, osseomukoidom, mithambo ine-elastin). Uma amathambo ishiswa, ukuma izohlala, kodwa iyoba ziyaqothuka futhi sidilike kalula lapho sicindezelwe.

Kuyinto inhlanganisela izinto zasezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kwenza ithambo kanzima, okuhlala, kodwa uvumelane nezimo.

izinhlobo amathambo

Ngokwe umehluko isakhiwo uhlukaniswe:

• Ijabulise. Kukhona isikhathi eside futhi esifushane. Siqukethe diaphysis emibili epiphysis, ukuma elingunxantathu, noma cylindrical;
• Sithambile - sakhiwa izicubu ikakhulu cancellous sizungezwe okuqinile;
• flat. Zimelela plate amabili flat phakathi lapho uhlala ithambo cancellous, isib, ithambo izindwani;
• okuxubile. Amathambo, ehlanganisa izingxenye eziningana ukuma eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kukhona nobukhulu nokuma okuhlukahlukene, imisebenzi abasenzela. Ngokwesibonelo, vertebra thoracic inezingxenye ezintathu - umzimba futhi inqubo arc.

Isakhiwo yeselula wethambo

Njengoba sesifunde ithambo izicubu emangqamuzaneni, kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko amangqamuzana kuhluke isakhiwo futhi enze imisebenzi yawo:

1. Osteoblasts - amaseli abasha iningi labo mesenchymal wolimi. umumo Cylindrical, umnyombo kuyinto eccentrically. Ingqamuzama ngayinye ine neseleko ukuza ukuxhumana osteoblasts angomakhelwane. Imisebenzi esemqoka - synthesize-matrix extracellular futhi unesibopho aligugu.
2. Osteocytes - buyisigaba esilandelayo ukuthuthukiswa osteoblast ithambo amaseli, ziseZwini ithambo, okuyinto isidlulile ukuthuthukisa umzimba ezincane kwengqamuzana, njengoba kuqhathaniswa osteoblasts, futhi inani izinqubo likhulu, futhi ingahluka ngisho ithambo efanayo. Ikhenela nayo iyancishiswa ngobukhulu futhi babe ayazika. Cage beyibonakala immured e aligugu amanengi izidakamizwa intercellular (izikhala).
3. Osteoclasts - esikhulu cell osayizi ongafinyelela ezingaphezu kuka-80 microns. Cores ungeyena omunye kodwa eziningana, ngoba akhiwa ka-macrophage eziningana tho ndawonye. Kusukela osteoclast siyahamba njalo, ezakheke kushintsha njalo. On the ingxenye bone ukuthi idinga ukuba kubhubhe namunye, ingqamuzana kukhona izinqubo eziningi ukuthi une ukuthi "kuxazululwa" ithambo, ukuthatha kude konke nosawoti futhi wabhubhisa matrix.

Lezi ezintathu izinhlobo zamangqamuzana, kanye impahla kanye osseinovymi Imicu yotshani amorphous ngokufanele emkhathini khulula, ukuze yakha ipuleti, esikhundleni salokho, osteons obumba, futhi jikelele gusset ipuleti.

Ukwakheka isakhi amathambo

Diaphysis yakhiwa amayunithi ezimbili kwesakhiwo: uhlelo Haversian noma osteon, - a main okuyingxenye - nesitsha gusset. Osteon isakhiwo luyindida kakhulu. Bone amapuleti iphuma ku amasilinda we diameters ezahlukene. Lezi amasilinda nawo owakhe isidleke sakho phakathi komunye nomunye, futhi isikhungo sihamba okuthiwa i-canal Haversian. Kulesi isiteshi ihlolwe imizwa nemithambo yegazi.

Osteon - lokhu akukona ahlukene iyunithi kwesakhiwo ukuqamba amanga, yena ngokuphindaphindiwe anastomoses phakathi kwezinye amayunithi, kanye periosteum nezitsha umnkantsha. Phela, igazi eligciniwe ka osteons kuvela ngenxa inethiwekhi kwegazi we periosteum, bese engena izitsha eziyisikhombisa umnkantsha. Okuhambisana imithambo yegazi kanye kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa ukuphi.

Kutholwe iyiphi osteon, isithombe ubufakazi, ku amathambo ijabulise parallel ohlangothini olude, futhi isipanji - perpendicular amandla kokucindezelwa nezingxabano.

ithambo ngasinye wakhiwe esibalweni sawo ngazinye amayunithi ezinjalo, njengoba osteon, biology ufaneleke ezakheke kanjena ukuze umthwalo ngamunye wabo siqu yayo. Kunawo wonke asitholayo ezinkulu kokucindezelwa umthwalo ngesikhathi ukuhamba, inani izinhlelo Haversian kuba 1.8 pc. ngayinye milimitha sikwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-11% - lokhu ingxenye yawo imiselekazi Haversian.

Osteons njalo ahlukaniswe amapuleti Lesisemkhatsini (okubhekiselwa kuzo nangokuthi ejotshelelwayo). Akusikho lutho kodwa zonakale osteon ithambo, babé engasebenziseki ngesizathu esisodwa noma kwenye. Ngempela, ithambo njalo kuyinqubo lokubhubhisa ekwakheni izinhlelo ezintsha Haversian.

imisebenzi osteon

uhlu Osteon izici:

• ukwakhiwa eziyisisekelo iyunithi bone;
• Inikeza amandla;
• ukuvikela imizwa nezitsha ethwala igazi.

Kuba sobala ukuthi osteon - isakhiwo eyenza indima enkulu ukuhamba kwethu, ngaphandle skeleton ayengahluleka ukufeza inhloso yazo - ukusekela kwezitho nezicubu zomzimba emkhathini.