Transnistria idolobha: Tiraspol, Bendery, Rybnitsa. Dnestr iMoldavian Republic

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla, azikho ngakho ambalwa uthi engaziwa noma ingxenye ayibonwa. Phakathi kwazo, futhi Transnistria. Leli zwe encane nge isimo engaqinisekile, etholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu esempumalanga yeYurophu. Lesi sihloko kuzokusiza ukuthi iyiphi emadolobheni basonta Transnistria, kanye inkulumo mayelana kubo okuningi ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo.

Transnistria: umlando omfushane isimo engaziwa

Transnistria (ngokusemthethweni Pridnestrovie, e indlela efingqiwe yokubhala igama - TMR) - isiqeshana emincane ezweni phakathi Dniester kanye Ukraine. De jure, lezi zindawo bangabanye the Republic of Moldova. De empeleni waba kukhona self-ebusayo, kodwa hhayi obonwa ngamazwe republic umphakathi, okuyinto imemezele ukuzimela kwayo ngo-1990. Namuhla isimo nge esifundeni Transnistrian libhekwa emphakathini bezombangazwe baseYurophu njengendlela "ukungqubuzana eqandisiwe".

Endaweni Transnistria wesimanje amancane ngisho kuqhathaniswa Moldova miniature (nje phezu 4000 sq. Km). Ngaphakathi republic iyikhaya labantu abangaba ngu-500,000 (aphume kule nombolo, mayelana 70% ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni). Isakhiwo yobuhlanga sabantu ubuswa abantu ezintathu: baseMoldova, Ukraine futhi Russian.

Ifa emnothweni iSoviet, TMR litholé inani amabhizinisi ezinkulu ezimbonini. Phakathi kwabo - the iMoldavian GRES, izimboni Metallurgical textile, nogologo endaweni yokukhanda. emadolobheni amakhulu ase-Transnistria ngenkuthalo ukudayisa European Union. Nokho, yonke imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ezweni, is elibhalwe ukuthi Made in Moldova uphawu.

Ekuphetheni indaba yethu emfushane mayelana Pridnestrovie amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngalesi kumiswa indawo:

• Pmr - lizwe kuphela emhlabeni, ifulegi kanye elingenamikhono izingalo esibonisa izimfanelo eziyinhloko Soviet (isando, isikela futhi inkanyezi ezinhlanu enamaphoyinti);
• Transnistria has Amanxusa akwamanye republic amabili engaziwa - Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia;
• idolobha Transdniestria kuhluke nokuhlanzeka, Ukucoceka nokuhlanzeka, okuyinto evame kuqhathaniswa ne Belarus;
• emzini Transnistrian ka Bender wafa Ivan Mazepa, lapha 1710, omunye Ukraine Hetman filipp Orlik wethulwa emphakathini umthethosisekelo zokuqala zaseYurophu;
• kathi kwale mizi emibili elikhulu ezweni (Bender futhi Tiraspol) uxhuma omunye ambalwa e-Europe obuphelele phakathi kwamadolobha ibhasi yenqola legatsha amakhilomitha 13;
• Transnistria has emahhovisi iqembu lezombusazwe "United Russia";
• ruble Transnistrian e 2012-2015 wayebhekwa njengoba lwemali eyizingqabavu kakhulu ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union.

Indaba eyodwa impi

Ukuwa kweSoviet Union bandisa ukunyakaza separatist futhi benomfutho omusha kwaqubula eziningana izimpi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene wonke umbuso omkhulu. Enye yalezi asobala kwaba ibhange kwesokunxele Dniester.

Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo 1990 zaba zimbi kakhulu lesibangela kushayisana emkhatsini esanda kwenziwa iziphathimandla baseMoldova kanye nomenklatura Transnistrian. Transnistrians wayengafuni ukuba yingxenye Moldova, besabe rapprochement nge Romania.

Ingxabano langena isigaba avulekile ngxabano lempi entwasahlobo ka-1992. Ngo-March, Moldova sebenqume amandla negunya analo phezu edlubulundayo ibhange kwesokunxele Dniester. Nokho, ohlangothini Pridnestrovians bona beniyingxenye 14 Russian Army, kanye abaqaphi Armed Forces of Ukraine. Ngakho-ke, ukuze usungule ukulawula Transdnestr Moldavians lowo mzamo uhluleka, futhi umfula Dniester ngokushesha kakhulu baba front line.

Umvuthwandaba lokhu impi impi edolobheni Bendery. Ngo-July 1992, amaqembu ahlomile Pridnestrovians kusekelwa amathangi Russian awela ngisho Dniester futhi avikelekile e Bender. Emigwaqweni omuzi aqala kubulawa real, zabulala 600 abantu ezimpilweni. Ngemva le mpi, amaqembu waqala ukufuna izindlela zokulethwa obunokuthula ingxabano, futhi ekugcineni yasayina isivumelwano ukuthula eMoscow.

Ngokuvamile, kulokhu kubulalana Transnistrian wabulala abantu abangu-1,200.

Transnistria idolobha

Pmr indawo zokuphatha ihlukaniswe 5 izifunda. Phakathi isimo engaziwa, kukhona imizi 8 (ahlelwe ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu):

• Kamenka;
• Rybnitsa;
• Dubossary;
• Grigoriopol;
• inhlokodolobha Tiraspol;
• Bender;
• Slobozia;
• Dnestrovsk umngcele edolobheni.

Transnistria elisebenzayo futhi eziningi izindawo uphikise nesimo ezimbili. Ukuze labo zihlanganisa Kwezinye izigodi (Cosnita, Parata, Dorotcaia et al.), Izifunda Varnitsa Bender futhi isiphetho Korzhevo e Dubossary.

Cishe inhlokodolobha - emzini Tiraspol

Transnistria, kanye namanye amazwe, has dolobha yalo. Lena emzini Tiraspol. Nakuba umuntu nge isikhala post-Soviet kunzima kakhulu ukucabanga dolobha elinabantu abantu abayizinkulungwane 130. Noma kunjalo, "Capital" obuphatheka ngesandla. ezitaladini epholile yesifundazwe Tiraspol kuhluke ezinye nokuqina, futhi bazizwa "umoya wamandla" in the omkhulu ezakhiweni zomphakathi, noma engaziwa.

In Tiraspol kukhona uhulumeni futhi iPhalamende Pmr. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuzi kuyinto zomlando namasiko elaliyisikhungo esibalulekile hhayi kuphela Transnistria futhi kulo eMoldova.

Kusukela igama lesiGreki ihumusha Tiraspol ilula kakhulu futhi ecacile - ". Edolobheni phezu Dniester" Ngempela ikhona ibhange kwesokunxele emfuleni ngobukhulu laseMpumalanga Yurophu, inani amakhilomitha ayisithupha nje kusukela emngceleni ne-Ukraine. Umuzi yasungulwa ngo 1792. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi ukuze lapha Suvorov waqala ukwakhiwa inqaba. Ngo 1806 Tiraspol muzi waba isikhungo wesifunda endaweni ingxenye yesifundazwe Kherson, futhi phakathi nezimpi zezwe ezimbili, futhi kwadingeka isikhathi sokuvakashela maphakathi le iMoldavian ASSR.

Tiraspol Modern emnandi ngempela. isikhungo yayo ejabulisa nokuhlanzeka, nokuhlanzeka, imizila yezinyawo ububanzi, zezimbali lihlale inqwaba ezingavamile (WaseSoviet) zobuciko.

Abavakashela inhloko-dolobha TMR kancane. Ukuze labo zihlanganisa enqabeni endala (ngasekupheleni XVIII leminyaka), Cathedral of the kukaJesu kaKristu (2000), nenhle futhi abaqhoshayo Council House, elakhiwa ngo-50s. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivakashi zithanda ukuvakashela in Tiraspol, a yesimanje yezemidlalo "Sheriff", okuyinto oluthatha indawo enkulukazi 65 amahektha.

Bender - idolobha izivakashi Transnistria

ezimbalwa kakhulu emadolobheni kungaba ukuziqhayisa Transnistria ukuvakashelwa njalo zezivakashi kude naseduze phesheya. Bender - omunye walabo. Uma izihambi futhi anqume ukuya Pmr, kuleli dolobha babiza kunesidingo.

City Bender - yesibili ngobukhulu futhi labantu wezwe. Futhi kuqala isibalo izikhumbuzo emlandweni futhi yokwakha. Enkabeni yedolobha umuntu angabona eziningi izakhiwo amahle XIX-XX eminyaka. Kodwa lo main izivakashi e Bender kuyinto inqaba Turkish lasendulo futhi kahle walondoloza. By endleleni, ingxenye lenqaba usalokhu elivumelekile Abezempi.

Kanye bendabuko esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo e Bendery eziningi "izikhumbuzo" ngo-1992, impi. Ngokwesibonelo, ishaye yinhlamvu izindonga City Hall banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo i ukubuyisela. Iminonjana empini kuyabonakala namuhla ku mbumbulu yayo.

Ribnita - isikhungo yezimboni Transnistria

Enyakatho, izwe engaziwa, elizungezwe amagquma olunothile Podolsk upland idolobha ukusakaza Ribnita. Transnistria eziyinkimbinkimbi zayo ezinamandla zezimboni kungenxa yokungabikho ngokunembile kulo muzi. Ribnita inikeza cishe isigamu semali e kwesabelomali TMR, kanye ngu-60% Belarus 'ukuthekelisa. Kukhona izinkampani ezahlukene ezingaphezu kuka-400.

Ngamagama ezokuvakasha edolobheni akusilo obonakalayo futhi. Ezikhangayo zendawo - emikhulu Victory Memorial Cathedral Arhangela Mihaila (kwekulu TMR), kanye kakhulu (at zomlando eziligugu) emathuneni. Esinye sezici ezivelele Ribnita ingashiwo ishiywe Ikhasino (ezimbonini), ngempumelelo emoyeni phezu Dniester.

Kamenka - resort iparele Transnistria

Uma isihloko mecca izivakashi weRiphabhulikhi ngokufanelekile kungokwalabo Bender, i- "inhlokodolobha zokuzilibazisa" isimo engaziwa elingangena ngokuphepha ngokuthi umuzi Kamenka. Transnistria ungakwazi ngempela ngizibonge resort kuhle, eyaziwa kusukela 1870s. City Kamenka itholakala enyakatho okwedlulele we Pmr, ngesikhathi confluence le Dniester emfuleni igama elifanayo. Lapha kwakhiwa izimo zezulu esiyingqayizivele: Stony, cishe yokhalo ephephile ethekwini ledolobha emimoyeni ebandayo, ukuhlinzeka nehlobo elide resort Transnistrian nobusika sasivumela omnene.

Ngo Kamenka inabantu 9,000 kuphela. Isisekelo umnotho wendawo - kuba izindawo zasemakhaya kanye resort. Umuzi ine edume kunazo eyayenziwa esibhedlela izwe "Dniester", eyenzelwe yokutakula kanyekanye abantu 450. Futhi Kamenka idume izithelo zawo elimnandi futhi okumnandi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, i iwayini kakhulu.

Dnestrovsk - amandla inhliziyo republic

Dnestrovsk idolobha itholakala eningizimu okwedlulele we Pmr, iseduze emngceleni Ukraine. Kulapha kwekulu amandla plant kuleli zwe. Ugesi elakhiwe lapha, ngisho athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe (ukuze eMoldova nase-Ukraine).

Ngengozi, iMoldavian GRES ngo-1964 yayakhiwe osebeni kwesokunxele emfuleni. Uma lokhu azikaze, ukuzimela kwezomnotho we -republic lamahlubuka kungaba manje umbuzo omkhulu. Namuhla, idolobha iyikhaya abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-10. Ingxenye enkulu yabantu Dniester usebenza ngesikhathi wendawo amandla plant.