Reticulum. Nazi izinhlobo izicubu womuntu

Zonke izinto eziphilayo, ngaphandle ulwelwe, yakhiwa kwezicubu ezahlukene. Kwezicubu zomzimba - iqoqo amaseli, ezifanayo isakhiwo, behlanganiswe esivamile. Ngakho, yiziphi?

isitshalo kwezicubu

Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo kwezicubu:

• imfundo;
• ngobuningi;
• isembozo;
• conductive;
• lokukhanda.

Bonke afeze imisebenzi yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezemfundo inikeza ukukhula plant, bakha kulo zonke ezinye izinhlobo izicubu. Ikhava Indwangu kuwukuvikelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igesi therethrough exchange kwenzeka. Conductive inikeza ezokuthutha izidakamizwa ngokusebenzisa simila. Indwangu Mechanical Ubuye abavikeli. Kuyinto ezazikhona ezitshalweni nge esintamo sifanamsindvo. izicubu zomzimba Main banesibopho ukwakheka kanye ukunqwabelana kwezakhi.

izicubu womuntu

Kunezinhlobo eziningi kwezicubu isilwane, okuyinto babuye selihlukene laba zilwane.

umzimba Animal yakhiwe ezine izinhlobo kwezicubu:

• EPITHELIAL;
• imisipha;
• kwemizwa;
• zezinzwa.

Zonke izinhlobo kwezicubu womuntu zihlukaniswe izinhlobo. Asithathe isibonelo sibhekisise ngalinye wabo.

Epithelium: izinhlobo nemisebenzi

Izicubu eziphilayo yalolu hlobo wenziwa umsebenzi eziyisisekelo zokuzivikela.

Epithelium ngokuyinhloko ihlukaniswe olulodwa-ungqimba ne-multi-egqinsiwe. Ekuqaleni kunendlela eyodwa kuphela mugqa wamangqamuzana eseduze nomunye. Eyesibili siqukethe amangqamuzana amaningana.

Ukuma amaseli ukuhlukanisa epithelium flat, cubic kanye cylindrical. Kuye ukusebenza okuthize eyenziwa ngendwangu, sikude njengoba ciliated, yezindlala kanye ebucayi, noma epithelium sezinzwa.

Ezahlukene izinhlobo izicubu EPITHELIAL zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene isilwane umzimba womuntu. Ngakho, emigqeni flat ngalo ingaphakathi emlonyeni emphinjeni, cubic - tubules kwezinso, cylindrical - isisu namathumbu. epithelium ciliated ongaphakathi inzwa umgudu (touch) - e ngalo ingaphakathi acinene, yezindlala - e nezindlala.

Imisipha izicubu: kwebalingisi

Imisipha izicubu zomzimba womuntu zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu:

• striated imisipha;
• imisipha bushelelezi;
• imisipha inhliziyo.

Imisipha abizwa ngokuthi myocytes, noma zesivikelo sesifuba. Indwangu yalolu hlobo okwazi ukuhlehlela ngenxa okuqukethwe kumaseli we contractile amaprotheni actin futhi myosin.

Striated imisipha Imicu yotshani babe eside mncane cylindrical Umumo cores amaningi futhi inani elikhulu mitochondria, ukuhlinzeka iseli amandla. Yalolu hlobo aqukethe lwamathambo kwemisipha izicubu. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko - umzimba ezihambayo emkhathini. Abakwazi nazo zinendima ethile zokuzivikela. Lokhu kusebenza, isibonelo, imisipha besisu, esivikela izitho zangaphakathi ekulimaleni.

imisipha Smooth, ngokungafani striated, ayikwazi ukulawulwa uyaqaphela. Ezinjalo abantu izicubu ulwelwesi ezinye izitho zangaphakathi ezifana amathumbu, kwesibeletho. Futhi kuwo aqukethe imisipha sphincter - imisipha isiyingi nge imingcele imbobo lokuvala. Ezilwaneni, kukhona sphincter yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi ngomphimbo, le pylorus, sphincters eziningana amathumbu dvenadtsatipaloy; sphincter ka Oddi, Miritstsi, Lyutkensa futhi Helly, ise pancreatic emizimbeni uhlelo; sphincters we ikholoni, kanye sphincter. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezilwaneni nakubantu futhi sphincter samanje umfundi, okuyothi unciphise futhi siba banzi. imisipha Smooth abe amaseli othini lokuphotha emise oqukethe core olulodwa. imisipha Efinqiwe yalolu hlobo akuyona njengoba esheshayo futhi ekhuthele striated.

imisipha senhliziyo zifana futhi striated, futhi abushelelezi. Njengomhlaba bushelelezi, abantu bayo abakwazi uyaqaphela ukulawula. Nokho, liyakwazi zingancishiswa ngokushesha futhi ngenkuthalo njengoba striated. Ukotini Wekhethelo iphothene phakathi kwezicubu inhliziyo, ukwakha imisipha eqinile.

izicubu sezinzwa

It is hhayi ihlukaniswe izinhlobo. izicubu amaseli ezinjalo ngokuthi izinzwa. Zakhiwa umzimba futhi izinqubo eziningi: Axon eyodwa eside futhi dendrites eziningana emifushane. Ngaphezu kwalokho i-izinzwa nezicubu sezinzwa futhi neuroglia samanje. Siqukethe amaseli encane nge ezihlobene eziningi. Neuroglia kudlala indima ukwesekwa, inikeza cell namandla, futhi yakha izimo ethize kumiswa emsipheni ungacabanganga.

Zezinzwa izicubu izinhlobo, izici, isakhiwo

Lolu hlobo lwe-Indwangu has izinhlobo eziningi:

• fibrous obukhulu;
• izicubu okuxekethile fibrous;
• igazi;
• lymphoma;
• ithambo;
• uqwanga;
• amafutha;
• reticular (anezikhala) Indwangu.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi bona bonke basonta isixhumi, lezi izindwangu zihlukile e isakhiwo yabo nemisebenzi. Ukufana eyisisekelo zonke lezi izicubu - khona semali-matrix extracellular. Cabangela izici izinhlobo ezinkulu ezicutshini.

Reticulum: Izici

Lena ngenye yama-nezicubu ezibaluleke kakhulu zezinzwa. izicubu reticular yakha izinhlaka hematopoiesis. Iqukethe amaseli ukuthi zakha amangqamuzana egazi. izicubu reticular amafomu obomvu umnkantsha - main isitho hematopoietic nezilwane, kanye ubende kanye zamanzi.

Indwangu reticular has a isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Siqukethe amaseli reticular (reticulocytes) yemisipha reticular. Amaseli ijwabu une-cytoplasm okusaqanda ukukhanya-nucleus. Ngezinye ubuso bayo, it has izinqubo eziningana ngawo maseli oxhumene ukwakha into efana inethiwekhi. Imicu yotshani reticular nazo kuhlelwe ngendlela eheleni: branched futhi axhumene. Ngakho, reticular fibre network kanye inethiwekhi yakha reticulocyte stroma hematopoietic kwezitho.

Reticulocytes kungenziwa ukhululeka inethiwekhi yeseli futhi ukuhlukanisa ku-macrophage noma amaseli hematopoietic. Ama-macrophage - ibaluleke egazi amhlophe ayingxenye iqembu phagocytes. Ziyakwazi phagocytosis - ukuthunjwa kanye ukumuncwa izinhlayiya, kuhlanganise namanye amangqamuzana. Umsebenzi oyinhloko macrophage - ukulwa abangela izifo amagciwane lenyama.

Bone bese uqwanga

Ziyakwazi imisebenzi zokuzivikela nasekusekeleni emzimbeni. sici lawo eliyinhloko ukuthi okuqinile extracellular siqukethe ngokuyisisekelo materials wezinto ezingaphili. Ngokuphathelene iseli, zingabantu ithambo ezine izinhlobo: osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts futhi osteogenic. Bonke ziyehluka lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti. amaseli Osteogenic - labo akha asele ezintathu zama-bone amaseli. Osteoblasts ngokuyinhloko obangela zamagama izinto eziningi eziphilayo kufakwe izinto intercellular (i-collagen, glycosaminoglycans, amaprotheni). Osteocytes - amaseli eyinhloko nezicubu, banezizathu kobujamo obusaqanda futhi esincane organelles. Osteoclasts - namangqamuzana enkulu nge nuclei amaningi.

Uqwanga izicubu ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana. Lokhu hyaline, uqwanga fibrous futhi nokunwebeka. Isici esiyinhloko lolu hlobo izicubu - khona semali collagen e ketshezi intercellular (70%). uqwanga Hyaline ihlanganisa ebusweni amalunga omzimba, wakha skeleton kwekhala, amalaka, kuqhoqhoqho, bronchi, kuyingxenye izimbambo, le sternum. Fibrocartilage zingatholakala njengengxenye akwazi ukugcina intervertebral, kanye nezindawo ukunamathela imisipha ukuba amathambo. indlebe Nokunwebeka yakha skeleton.

igazi

It possesses inqwaba ketshezi izidakamizwa intercellular, okuyinto ibizwa ngokuthi i-plasma. Kuyinto 90% amanzi. Labo abasele abanga-10% - organic (9%) kanye wezinto ezingaphili (1%) material. organic compounds ezakha igazi - ke globulin, albumin futhi fibrinogen.

Amaseli lokhu izicubu abizwa ngokuthi amaseli egazi. Basuke ihlukaniswe namangqamuzana abomvu egazi, izinhlayiya zegazi kanye amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Usebenza ukusebenza kwezithuthi lokuqala: ziqukethe amaprotheni-hemoglobin, okuyinto uyakwazi ngokudlulisela umoya-mpilo. Ama-platelet I uvumele ekunqandeni, futhi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi banesibopho ukuvikela umzimba ekulweni namagciwane.