Indlela yokwenza uhlu izincwadi zokuphatha?

Lesi sihloko sichaza indlela efanele ukudala ukuphathwa lwezincwadi, lapho ukuthola sivamile ukubhalisa futhi yini ukuba banake.

Kungani ngidinga uhlu lwezikhombo?

Kuyinto esibalulekile noma iyiphi incwadi - umsebenzi yesayensi, umsebenzi umbiko. Ngokuvamile kuphakama umbuzo ukuthi kulokho okufanele abe.

Izinkomba siqukethe uhlu izincwadi, omagazini, ama-athikili, mnografy, izingosi ze-Internet, ayesetshenziselwa ukwenza umsebenzi. Ikakhulukazi, emkhakheni wokuphathwa kukhona ezihlukahlukene omkhulu izinto ewusizo, kodwa ngesihloko esifanayo, lokho akusho ukuthi konke. Kuye okuqukethwe umsebenzi, lwezincwadi ukuphathwa zingase zishintshe kakhulu. Kuyoba kuhlanganisa kuphela labo izinsiza ukuthi empeleni esetshenziswa umbhali: ziye ukufunda, umqulu, esetshenziswa njengoba leli qiniso eliyisisekelo Wawugujelwani iziphetho kukhona abathwali imigomo noma izingcaphuno eziqukethwe umsebenzi.

Izinkomba ukuphathwa kubonisa ukuthi kabanzi wafunda inkinga ukulawula, kudalulwe material okuningi wafunda ngumlobi enqubeni ukuqaliswa imisebenzi isethwe ku.

Imithetho ngokubhala izincwadi zolwazi

Imithombo ohlwini lwezikhombo angaqoqwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene:

• alfabhethi;
• ngereferensi embhalweni;
• ngokulandelana kwezenzakalo.

Noma iyiphi yalezi zindlela kuyabongeka lokho, kodwa ethandwa kakhulu ungowokuqala.

Uma phakathi abalobi wathola namesakes, le mithombo uhlu ngama-alfabethi zokuqala. Ephambi kwezinduna izincwadi kwamanye amazwe, ezibekwe emva uhlu Russian futhi alfabhethi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umqondo welithi "lwezincwadi" futhi "uhlu lwezikhombo" ngokuvamile ngempela udidekile. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi igama elithi sokuqala ngobubanzi okuningi kunamanye.

I uhlu lwezikhombo ekuphathweni (noma imithombo) izobandakanya kuphela lezo zincwadi (noma izihloko, amawebhusayithi, njll), Yikuphi ziye ekhonjiwe noma imibono okuyinto ezibekwe umsebenzi. Kule ndaba, amarekhodi lwempilo ngokuvamile ahlelwe ngokulandelana okukhulunywa embhalweni.

Ngokwesibonelo, uhlu ukuphathwa izincwadi kuhlanganisa 3 izincwadi, 1 mqondo, izihloko 5 no-2 yomthombo Inthanethi, futhi uhlu lwezikhombo kuhlanganisa izincwadi 2 kuphela futhi 1 sihloko izinkomba okukhona embhalweni umsebenzi.

Imithetho sokubhalisa yerekhodi lwempilo

irekhodi lwempilo ibizwa ngokuthi incazelo yencwadi, noma kunoma imuphi omunye umthombo ku lwezincwadi. Kukhona imithetho yokubhalisa wokuqopha ezinjalo, njengoba kubekiwe imibhalo efanele normative: GOST 7.1-2003, 7,0-99 GOST, GOST 7.5-98 nabanye.

Ngokuvamile, udinga ukukhumbula imithetho ezilula ezimbalwa ngalokho, indlela yokwenza out uhlu lwezikhombo :

• incwadi noma ezinye incazelo yomthombo kumele ngempela zihlanganisa ubuqambi, isihloko, ulwazi mayelana indlu ukushicilela, ngonyaka ka ncwadi.
• Ngokukhethekile, uma kungenzeka, ulwazi ukungezwa inombolo, inani lamakhasi, indawo okufanele unake okukhethekile in umongo umsebenzi okukhulunywa ngaye.
• Phawula umbhali iqala umndeni ke kwasho zokuqala.
• izenzo zomthetho kufanele ahlathululwe eziqala isihloko idokhumenti, ngaphandle izifinyezo (isib, Russian Federation - Russian Federation), okubonisa usuku lokushicilela ephephandabeni Russian (okuyinto yisimo olusemthethweni ukwethulwa umthetho esenzweni);
• Regulations, amazinga, patent adinga ukuthi ucacise igunya ekuvumeleni.

Ukuze kube lula ukwenza uhlu Kunconywa ukuba asebenzise incazelo nezibonelo ebhalwe ngenhla emcimbini.

Izici we ukuphathwa lwezincwadi

Iziqondiso zokuphathwa zihlukahlukene njengezinkolelo izici ikhanda. Kule ndaba, uhlu ukuphathwa izincwadi ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye isiqondiso, izinhloso nezinjongo umsebenzi. Cabangela ezinye izibonelo.

.К., Вахович Дж . М .). Izinkomba ku yokuphathwa kwezimali akufanele akwenze ngaphandle incwadi "Kubaluleka Ukuphathwa Kwezimali" (Van Horne J. .K., Vahovich J. M.). Libuye akunakwenzeka ukuba isebenze ngokwedlulele ekuphathweni kwezimali kanjalo ngeke adlule ukubheja zezimali isu akhiwa uJohn L. Kelly. Kuwufanele ngokungeza imithombo embalwa ukuhlaziywa wezimali ka abalobi Russian.

Izinkomba e nokuphathwa amasu kungafaka izincwadi eziningi zakwamanye amazwe, njengoba imigomo ekuphathweni Sekuyisikhathi eside ezihunyushelwe Russian futhi ezisetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Kufanele kuholele ireferensi imisebenzi UProfesa H. Mintzberg, wasungula uhlelo elisemqoka lentuthuko amasu izinhlangano.

Ngokuvamile, imithombo esetshenziswa umbhali ekulungiseleleni noma yimuphi umsebenzi ukuphathwa kumele libonise Ucwaningo olunzulu nezindaba bese ufaka uhlu ukuphathwa izincwadi njengendlela yisiboniso izinga umsebenzi umcwaningi.