IVolga: amandla River futhi umfula imodi iVolga. Amandla kagesi iVolga

IVolga (amandla emfuleni uzobe elichazwa kamuva esihlokweni) lwenzeka yingxenye Russia okungokukaNkulunkulu Europe. delta Its itholakala izwe elingumakhelwane - Kazakhstan. Lokhu kuhamba amanzi ivuliwe uhlu amadamu ngobukhulu engokwemvelo emhlabeni (futhi Yebo, Russian Federation). Insimu, okuyinto eseduze iVolga, ebizwa ngokuthi iVolga esifundeni.

Ubude ingqikithi ngaso umfula sasiyisimangaliso 3690 km. Ngemva ukwakhiwa kwamadamu okugcina amanzi ubude 3530 km. LoMfula imifudlana yamanzi ahlelwe eziningana emadolobheni-abayizinjinga, ngokukhethekile, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Volgograd futhi Samara. Ekhulwini XX, okungukuthi ku-yalolucwaningo 30-80 ezakhiwa emifula. Bonke basonta iVolga-Kama wendlale.

Istok iVolga Itholakala Valdai (Alaunskih izintaba). Umlomo kubhekwa yoLwandle iCaspian.

emfuleni umbuso

Ukudla umbuso emfuleni iVolga - umbuzo ethakazelisa kakhulu. Inqubo umfula glacial iqala ngo-November no-December. Mayelana 200-260 izinsuku ekusakazeni aqueous uhlala mahhala kusuka iqhwa. Kuvele kwesidumbu sekuqala ne-Astrakhan esifundeni ngoMashi, maphakathi no-Ephreli ncibilika useqede ngomlomo. Ngaphambi nokwakhiwa kwamadamu emfuleni njalo kuyachichima ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nehlobo eqala ukukhuluphala engajulile. Nokho, ngemva nokwakhiwa kwamadamu okugcina amanzi izinga lamanzi linyuka kakhulu. Ngakho ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwandisa naleli damu.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho komfula

IVolga (River ukudla sixhomeke kakhulu amanzi iqhwa) kusiza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo elikhulu iziteshi amandla kagesi. Flow evumela ukuba athwale imithwalo emikhulu futhi enze umgibeli. ukudoba Inqubo yonke wanelisekile, kokubili nayizimfundamakhwela kanye ochwepheshe - catch emanzini zemvelo kungenziwa inhlanzi, Sturgeon, walleye, njll Liquid omisiwe kusukela kwesigubhu ngokuvamile kuthathwe ukunisela; .. futhi lawo manzi esebenzisa amandla kagesi, ahlinzeke imali ngokwanele enkulu kagesi.

Ngenxa navigability we (ukudla River kuthinta kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo yezolimo) iVolga ihlanganisa eziningana zezilwandle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isimo sadalwa ekhethekile iVolga-Don Canal. On ke zithutha lenqwaba izimpahla, kuhlanganise amafutha, nosawoti, isinkwa, izinkuni nokunye. D.

umfula

Banikezwe ephelele kwimodi yonyaka, singasho ngamaphesenti ayikhulu ukuthi hlobo okuxubile ukunikezela ukugeleza owandile. The main imithombo ukudla we iVolga - incibilikiswa amanzi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba namanzi emvula. Bangaphezu kuka-60% we-Photo yonyaka enze iqhwa kwakwakhe. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-June, ungabuka isimo. Ehlobo kanye ebusika kukhona ngokuvamile amanzi aphansi, lapho kutsho amanzi ukuvumela iVolga bunjalo. In autumn kukhona izikhukhula ezincane.

I lomfula ukujula kuhluka 3 kuya ku-15 m, kuye ngokuthi esifundeni kanye nohlobo ukudla kuwo. Ebusika, njengoba umthetho, ngenxa lemali elikhulu ncibilika ezingeni amanzi omfula luyanda kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa iVolga nemishini ephehla ugesi ngamanzi ephuma wachichima. Amadamu ngokuvamile ngenxa esindayo imvula nomoya namagagasi ongasukuma ukuze 1,5 metres.

wemikhumbi

Imodi epholile of ukusakaza aqueous ezifana iVolga (amandla emfuleni kuyivumela ome futhi ungasindisi ezingeni ezingeni ezibucayi), ikhuthaza navigation. Ngo VIII ekhulwini iVolga umzila ekhethekile sabekwa lapho izimpahla ziphuthunyiswe. I Steamboat laqala amanzi omfula kule 1820s.

Phakathi nempi, iSoviet Union esetshenziswa ukusakaza njengoba indawo ngoxhaxha sika, abasebenzi owaba nengxenye imvume kanye nezinhlamvu ngisho esadlala indima ebalulekile izimpi eziningana.

Okwamanje, ukusizakala Russia isebenzisa indlela kusuka Rzhev abalimi ngokuhlanganyela (mayelana 590 km) kusukela abalimi sihlangene ukuze Red ngothango (2605 km) kanye ingxenye encane (kufika ku-40 km) ngesikhathi esizalweni somfula. Enhla imikhiqizo supply ezifana namafutha, imifino, isinkwa, isihlabathi, inhlanzi, usawoti, njll Down -. Woods futhi izinto ezihlukahlukene ezimbonini.