Sokuphila Fern: isinyathelo, izinyathelo wokulandelana kanye nencazelo

Izinhlobo ukuvela eMhlabeni eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Endulo kwakunokwenzeka ukuhlangabezana ehlathini zohlinzamfuku. Kuze kube manje, izitshalo kangaka uhlala elincane kakhulu. Izinhlobo babe zokuhlobisa more futhi zasendlini. Zinhle nesingakhangi, ingasetshenziswa ukuklama namathafa. Izimila kukhona isikhathi eside futhi ezithakazelisayo.

Izinganekwane Fern

Fern - isitshalo engavamile. Nge ukubukeka kwakhe ngenxa a izinganekwane enkulu eziningi ezinhle. On omunye wabo, isitshalo ethathwe unkulunkulukazi wothando - Venus, uphonse izinwele zakhe kanye, kusukela owakhula Izinhlobo.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke legend - legend of Fern zezimbali. Lithi, uma isitshalo imbali ubone, phambi owavula imfihlakalo kanjani sithole le ngcebo ku-internet Ivana Kupala ebusuku. Nokho, lapho behlola kuba sobala ukuthi le nganekwane ezingase zithathwe empeleni, ngoba Fern ayinakho izigaba umjikeleto wemphilo izimbali.

Amaqembu ephakeme kanye engezansi izitshalo

Izitshalo zihlukaniswe amaqembu yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi. Ziyahlukahluka bodwa ndawo. izitshalo Ephakeme "out" ezweni ukuchitha ukuphila umjikelezo yabo emhlabeni. Lezi zitshalo kukhona Izinhlobo. Ngo izitshalo eliwumhlaba ukwethula ocacile e impande, ekunqandeni kanye leaf.

Nokho, umuntu angabona ngokuqinisekile ithi Izinhlobo wathutha ngokuphelele kude izindawo zasemanzini, njengoba inqubo yabo ukuveza ehilelekile futhi khulula-ophilayo gametophyte ezidingekayo ukuze sithele isidoda ungenziwa kuphela khona i osebenzelana aqueous.

ukubukeka

Kusukela oda Izinhlobo ukusakaza emhlabeni wonke. Sinenkosi ahlukene zangaphandle ukubonakala amaqabunga, imvelo linesizotha, ngothando okukhulu inhlabathi olumanzi.

Fern elisuka, ekunqandeni kanye namahlamvu. Imbewu elalingazange. Ohlangothini kwangaphakathi ishidi ezansi ahlelwe anezikhwama ezinhlamvu, sporangium. amahlamvu Fern abizwa ngokuthi "Iqabunga lesithombo", abafani nezinye izitshalo eshiya. Babukeka sengathi amahlumela ngesikele sokuthena ambalwa wafaka indiza eyodwa futhi unamathele stem. umbala wabo ziyahlukahluka kusuka oluhlaza ukukhanya green amnyama.

Fern, ngaphandle ohlelweni impande siqukethe ngamaqabunga, futhi Sorus induzii lapho SORUS - isixha sporangium, induziya - yayifanekisela nomxhantela efana isambulela ukuthi ihlanganisa SORUS.

Ukuguquguquka kwempilo izitshalo ephakeme

Ekhona emhlabeni, isitshalo ngasinye uyahamba zakhe. Ukuguquguquka kwempilo a Fern - ukuhamba ngemvelaphi yokuphila ukuze nokuvuthwa egcwele isitshalo, uyakwazi akunika impilo entsha. Umjikelezo siqukethe izigaba ezimbili: ngokobulili futhi asexual. Lezi zigaba zinqunywa poocherednost izizukulwane, kwenzeka nge eyodwa gametes - ubulili, kwesibili - ezinhlamvu usebenzisa - sexless.

Ukuhlanganisa, gametes akha zygote diploid, okuyinto kuphakamisa isizukulwane esisha asexual. Esizukulwaneni asexual ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwenzeka ezinhlamvu. ezinhlamvu Haploid zisenza sibe isizukulwane ngokobulili. Omunye izizukulwane njalo ubusa ngaphezu kwamanye, futhi akha ingxenye umjikelezo wokuphila isitshalo.

Izigaba izigaba zomsebenzi Fern

Ukuze ukuvela rostochku abasha entsha idinga izinyathelo eziningana. Ukuguquguquka kwempilo a Fern - nesigcino eziqondile zazo zonke izigaba, kusukela umsuka wokuphila ziphethe esigabeni ukuvuthwa, lapho lesi sitshalo ukwaze zikwenze ube impilo entsha. Umjikelezo wumumo ezinesihluku lapho isikhulile.

Fern sokuphila esiteji ahlelwe ukulandelana elandelayo:

• Ingxabano.
• Gametophyte (zarostok).
• Iqanda, isidoda.
• Zygote.
• Embryo.
• isitshalo esincane.

Lapho zonke izigaba ziphelele, isitshalo esisesincane, ukuthuthukisa kanye nokuqinisa, uzokwazi ukuba angasiphindi lesi umjikelezo isizukulwane esilandelayo izalwa.

isigaba Asexual futhi ngokocansi enqubeni zizalela

Fern - umphumela isizukulwane asexual. Cabanga ukulandelana ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe-Fern.

Ukuze uqale impilo entsha izitshalo omdala kufanele avele ohlangothini reverse of the sacs ishidi spore okuzokwenziwa ukukhula ezinhlamvu. Lapho ezinhlamvu sezivuthiwe, isikhwama ziyaqhuma luzowa ezingxabanweni emhlabathini. Ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya, bona uyokwendlala bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene kanye nabo enhlabathini evundile ziqhume. Lesi sinyathelo sibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngaphandle kwalo simila ayikwazanga ikhona. Umphumela uyoba otrostochek - gametophyte - ngokobulili isizukulwane Fern. ezakheke kubukeka sengathi inhliziyo. Lokhu inhliziyo has a imicu phansi amancane - rhizoids, ngubani unamathele emhlabathini. Zarostok Fern ngithanda abesilisa nabesifazane okukuwo anezikhwama ezincane: kwelinye Iqanda abavuthiwe nezinye - isidoda. Kokukhulelwa kwenzeka ngamanzi.

Njengoba zarostochek encane kakhulu futhi has simise eyinqaba ezinjalo, kunomthelela nkinga kancane amanzi emvula, abopha yakhe ezansi. Nale isidoda letingabhukusha ukuba iqanda umquba. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona iseli entsha - zygote, okuyindawo kwakhiwa i-embryo ibizwa sporophyte - yi asexual isizukulwane esisha. Laba abayingxenye ebalulekile siqukethe haustoria ukuthi ukubukeka kwayo sifana ngezinyawo, sikhule sibe zarostok, bese isebenzisa okokuqala ngakho ezidingekayo ekukhuleni yayo izinto. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, kukhona leaf wokuqala we-embryo, okuyinto ukuqala a Fern.

Ngakho, isizukulwane oqavile asexual, onikeza ukuphila isizukulwane esisha futhi esikhulu eside waphila izitshalo, futhi ngokocansi incane futhi fast lilokhu libuna emjikelezweni wokuphila kwe-Fern. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuze sithele.

Ukuveza Izinhlobo ekhaya

Izinhlobo - izitshalo ezithakazelisayo futhi original. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile waziphatha kulinywe ekhaya. Ukuze Fern umjikelezo ukuphila ngokuphelele futhi uthole isitshalo esincane esisha, kubalulekile ukuba ziqhume ingxabano. Adult leaf Fern, eyabonakala izikhwama izingxabano - uhlevane ensundu, usike bese ifakwa esikhwameni sephepha. Lokhu iphakethe ubambe ngosuku olulodwa endaweni efudumele, kunyakaze ngezikhathi ezithile.

Nakuba izingxabano uvuthwe futhi bayasilela, ingxube ibhalwe zokutshala. Thatha ingxube steamed ka Peat moss, oluhlaza, isihlabathi, nayo ukungezwa namalahle ochotshoziwe, konke lokhu kuthathwa ngezabelo alinganayo. Ingxube olungiselelwe zibekwe izimbiza engajulile ucindezele phansi humidified.

ezinhlamvu avuthwa futhi bawile asuswe esikhwameni bese uthele ebusweni lelungiselelwe. Ukuze ukuhluma ukudala izimo ezikahle:

• izimo lokushisa: 25 Degrees Celsius kuyinto kwemisebenzi yoMnyango.
• Gcina nomswakama eliphezulu.
• Cover amabhodwe nge glass.

Phuzisani amabhodwe kusukela Sprinkler. Lapho prothallia ukuchelela ukukhokhela ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ngoba ukuthuthukiswa okwalandela izitshalo kungenzeka kuphela khona i osebenzelana aqueous, lapho kokukhulelwa kwenzeka.

Njengoba nje avele amaqabunga yokuqala, ukulihlanza. Khona-ke zinikelwe isikhashana ukuze avumelane nendawo ezikuyo yehle emseleni. Lapho amahlamvu baqale zikhule kancane, waqale wabagcina zokugcina ezibandayo bese etshalwe ezitsheni ezihlukahlukene. uthole Ngakho izitshalo abasha entsha ngomumo ukuze akhule ngendlela eyengeziwe.

sokuphila kuboniswe schematically

Ngezinye yayo isitshalo esiphelweni ngokusebenzisa izigaba eziningana. ukwesekwa kwendikimba magazini Kunconywa ukuzwakala kanye ngekhanda kangcono. Cabanga ekhona umjikelezo Fern ukuphila, ogama uhlelo aboniswe ngezansi:

1. Adult isitshalo, bayakwazi impilo entsha.

2. amahlamvu Fern avele impikiswano.

3. uvuthwe spore sacs.

4. Ukuvutha sikhwama, lezinhlamvu iwe.

5. NjengoMikayeli Umhlabathi ovundile wase-impikiswano luyaqina futhi ikhula.

6. Kwakheka zarostok ukuthi nge-rhizoid imicu enamathiselwe phansi.

7. Njengamanje igciwane amaseli owesilisa nowesifazane: archegonium futhi antheridia:

• izitho zangasese Female aqukethe amaqanda.
• Izitho zangasese Male aqukethe isidoda.
• Ukuvundisa kungenzeka kuphela amaconsi ayo yonke imvula.
• Isidoda ukubhukuda kuya amaqanda bese ngaphakathi, kokukhulelwa kwenzeka.

8. Uthola iqanda avundiswa - a zygote. Kusukela zygote sporophyte kwakhiwa - leaf abasha.

9. Qala ukuthuthukiswa yakho izitshalo abasha entsha.

Esikhathini umdwebo ubonisa ngokucacile ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe atihambi todvwa.

ukubaluleka kwezomnotho

indima Fern empilweni yomuntu akuyona likhulu kakhulu. Izindlela ezihlukahlukene Nephrolepis - ezivamile Igumbi ornamentals. Ngamaqabunga Dryopteris ezinye kabanzi njengoba green ingxenye izingoma ezimibalabala. Iziqu ka zohlinzamfuku kukhona ezindaweni ezishisayo, zokwakha, kanye e-Hawaii, core yabo okunesitashi kudliwa.

isiphetho

Ngakho safunda umjikelezo wokuphila kwe-isitshalo. Uzoba aziwayo, isibonelo, ngasiphi isigaba lomjikelezo ukuphila Izinhlobo e-embryo livela. Lokhu umswakama-onothando izitshalo, ngaphandle kwamanzi ukwanda kwabo engenakwenzeka. Bona zasakazekela kulo lonke izwe, ngesikhathi esifanayo impilo yakhe ukukhetha indawo nge umswakama high.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-10,000 zinhlobo Izinhlobo. Ziyakwazi okwelapha, zokuhlobisa, ezimbizeni.

Lapho kuzalwa isitshalo young omusha uqala umjikelezo wokuphila ebandakanya izizukulwane ngokobulili futhi asexual. isizukulwane ngokocansi - ke zarostok, kuyinto encane kakhulu futhi isikhathi esifushane, futhi uvele abasha isitshalo eziqinile isikhathi eside - kuyinto isizukulwane asexual. Emjikelezweni wokuphila evelele Fern sporophyte isigaba.

Ngakho, isizukulwane eyinhloko Fern - asexual, ngaleyo ndlela asakaze, ngokudlula isizukulwane ngokobulili akunakwenzeka.