Mongolia labantu. Uyini Usayizi labantu Mongolia?

Mongolia - republic, esemgwaqweni eMpumalanga Asia. Inhloko-dolobha yezwe - Ulaanbaatar. Inani labantu base-inhloko-dolobha abantu mayelana 1.3 million. Lezizindawo ukuthi hhayi wageza ngu ezilwandle, endaweni (1,564,116 km ²⁾ izikhathi cishe nanye ngaphansana Russia. Mongolia kukhona omakhelwane ukuthi ohlangothini enyakatho yeRussia, futhi empumalanga, eningizimu nasentshonalanga izinhlangothi - China. Isimo oyingxenye izakhiwo UN futhi efakwe ohlwini njengesibukeli kwezinye izakhiwo CIS.

umlando wezwe

Ezikhathini zasendulo, isimo umhlaba zambozwa emaxhaphozini namahlathi, futhi emathafeni welulela emaqeleni kanye nezimfunda. Esikhathini 4th ekhulwini BC kule nsimu wahlala abantu basendulo - the Huns. Ngo 202 BC. e. emasimini banamuhla Mongolia idaliwe ngaphansi koMbuso Huns Command Modun Shanyu. Kwakuwusuku umbuso wokuqala zezizwe ayimizulane. Bona libuswa Huns e Mongolia iminyaka engu-93 n. e.

Ngemva lwazo kwamila amaMongol umthetho, Kyrgyz futhi khans Turkish. Ekhulwini le-12 Mongol isizwe Uzame hlanganani kwisimo esisodwa, kodwa inqubo kwakusengathi inhlangano yomphakathi. Emlandweni lo mzamo ukudala isimo esihlanganisiwe wafika ngaphansi kwegama Hamag Mongolia.

Empire yasungulwa ngo-1206 ngenxa ukuzihlanganisa uGenghis Khan-Mongolian Manchuria nezizwana wahlukana. Ngenxa yalokho impi asebenzayo amandla omhlaba kuxhomeke kakhulu. It ibibanjwe ingxenye China, kanye nezindawo ezinkulu ze-Asia, i-Ilkhans isimo futhi ingxenye Kievan Rus.

Empire Umkhawulo laya ezigidini ezingu-33 km ² kanye labantu abantu abayizigidi ezingu-100. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngaleso sikhathi wahlala abantu abayizigidi ezingu-300 emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa kusukela 1294 ke waqala ukuba nokwahlukana kancane of the Empire, amaMongol. isikhathi Post-uKhesari kokubusa Northern Yuan Dynasty.

Ngo-1924, ngokusekelwa eSoviet Union, Mongolia ezamenyezelwa Republic i-Mongolian Yabantu. Kanjani abantu bakwa Mongolia oko? Isibalo izakhamuzi ngo-1918 balinganiselwa ku izinkulungwane zabantu 647,5..

Ngo-1961, Mongolia yaba ilungu UN, ngo-1962 - ilungu Council for Usizo Mutual Economic, eliholwa eSoviet Union. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke saqala ukwanda kwenani labantu. Ngemva kokuwa eU.SSR ngo Mongolia iphutha kwekuhlela kabusha yeningi kanye nezomnotho. azimele embonini, kwezolimo, ezohwebo senziwa. Ngo-1997, isimo isibe ilungu WTO.

Abantu Mongolia

Isimo umphakathi mono-yobuhlanga. Sebebonke eMongolia Kulinganiselwa-2015 abantu nje abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu. 94% we-akhawunti labantu kumaqembu-Mongolian. Vele abahlala ezweni abaseTurkey, inani elincane lomphakathi wabo amaShayina futhi Russian.

Kunamaqembu cishe amabili isiMongolia futhi-Mongolian yobuhlanga. Iqembu elikhulu kunawo - Khalkha amaMongol, okuyizinto abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu 2.1 (82.4% abantu sebebonke). Inani elikhulu Khalkha abahlala ezingxenyeni eningizimu, empumalanga kanye maphakathi yezwe. Entshonalanga Durbar bukhoma, zakhchin, Torguts, Bayati futhi Olets. Ziyakwazi inzalo entshonalanga amaMongol Oirats.

Mongolia iyikhaya ababecishe babe izinkulungwane 101,5. Kazakhs. uhlanga cishe 4% abantu sebebonke futhi ngobukhulu phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene ezinhlanga abahlala Mongolia. Kazakhs zitholakala ngokuyinhloko Bayan-Ulegeyskom aimag. On la mazwe, bafika ekhulwini le-19 abavela ezifundeni Omnyama Irtysh kanye Buhtarmy engenhla. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Kazakhs ukukhuluma ngolimi lwabo, isiko kanye namasiko zifana kakhulu nalezo amaMongol, elivumela Kazakhs siphile ngokuvumelana iqembu ezinkulu ezingaba esimweni.

Futhi abahlala ezweni nezinye izizwe leqembu. Buryats, isibonelo, wathatha esifundeni wezwe enyakatho. Abameleli abantu agcinwayo ungubani babo, kodwa ulimi ngokwezinga elikhulu elifana ulimi Khalkha. Buryats ezakha 1.71% of lonke inani abakhileyo isimo.

Ulimi olunjalo Buryat namasiko Amaqembu ezizwe abahlala ngasempumalanga. inombolo Barghouti kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 2.3 kuphela. Man. Laba bantu abo baya ezweni-Mongolian ngo-1947 kusukela enyakatho mpumalanga China.

Russian Ethnic abo baya ezweni eMongolia engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Mayelana emibili nengxenye abantu abayizinkulungwane of ubuzwe Russian abahlala kuleli zwe lanamuhla. I-Russian kuqala Mongolia kwakungamadodana Amakholwa Old ababaleka lizwe ngenxa yokushushiswa ngokwenkolo.

Inani labantu Mongolia

Kusukela ngomhla ka-December 2015, abantu Mongolia - abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu kancane. izakhamizi Lonyaka sakhula ngo 1.74%. Ukwanda kwenani labantu ibonisa ukuthi inani izakhamuzi unyaka nonyaka iyakhula. -Mongolian ukwanda kwabantu kuyinto 1.8 abantu square kilometre.

Okunye izinkomba lokubala ubuningi babantu we izwe phakathi nonyaka 2016 eyethulwe idatha elandelayo:

• . Izinkulungwane zabantu 73,5 azalelwa;
• ayizinkulungwane 18.4 efile .;
• . Izinkulungwane zabantu 55 kwaba nokwanda yemvelo;
• . Izinkulungwane zabantu 3 kwaba nokwanda kufuduka;
• amadoda ayizinkulungwane 1.499, abesifazane ayizinkulungwane 1.538, okuyinto mayelana 1: .. 1.

Izindawo zabahlali ensimini ka Mongolia inhomogeneous. I kwabantu isilinganiso labantu Mongolia e 2017 kwaba abantu 1.8 square kilometre. I elinabantu abaningi isimo dolobha, iyikhaya ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu sebebonke, Khangai izintaba Orkhon Valley. ephansi kakhulu ukwanda kwabantu eningizimu, ehlane futhi ephuma kabili desert izindawo ezinkulu futhi ngaso sonke eyihlane.

Izibikezelo for 2017

Abahlaziyi babikezela ukuthi esikhathini 2017 inani labantu Mongolia kuyokhula. Ngakho, inani eliphelele izakhamuzi kuyoba 3090 183. Ukuze uqhathanise, idatha zeminyaka eyedlule eMongolia. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu 2014 kwaba nabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu 2.91, esikhathini esiyiminyaka emithathu rose abantu abayizigidi ezingu-0,09.

Okucatshangwa ukuthi ukuthuthuka okuyimpumelelo, okuzoba ayizinkulungwane 56. Man. Ukuze 2017 ke ozozalwa ababecishe babe izinkulungwane 74,7. Izingane zibulawe ayizinkulungwane 18,7. Abantu. Uma kufuduka amazinga izohlala injalo njengoba ngo-2016, khona-ke ngo-2017 inani izakhamizi ngenxa kufuduka zizoshintsha by ayizinkulungwane 3.2. Man. Ngakho, isibalo sabantu kokushiya Mongolia, kuyoba inombolo ngaphezulu izivakashi abahlela ukuhlala eside kuleli zwe.

ubude bempilo

Mongolia, elinabantu izingxenye mayelana alinganayo isakazwe ubulili, kungukuthi ngezimiso eziphakeme bempilo. Abesilisa bahlala okuyisilinganiso seminyaka engu-65, abesifazane - engu-69. Lapho eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni 15-49, ukufa owesilisa ngokuphindwe kathathu ngaphezu kwezihlalo zesifazane.

Isizathu esikhulu nokushona Mongolia - a traumatism nokuluthwa utshwala. Kule ndaba, ngo-2014 lapho wakhipha isimemezelo ku ukusungulwa amaqembu amadoda ukuqeqeshwa, owawuthi minyaka yonke amadoda kufanele ahlolwe wezokwelapha. Enye inkinga enkulu eMongolia, elinabantu bakamalalahlengezela nokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza, izifo zenhliziyo kanye nesifo sofuba - akulingani futsi inaccessibility ngokwehla kwezinga lokunakekelwa kwezempilo izinga kwezinye izindawo.

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-

Kusukela ngo-January 2017 sabantu yayimelelwe ngezigcawu zeminyaka ezifana:

• 27,3% - izingane kuze iminyaka engu-15;
• 68,7% - labantu abasebenza yobudala (iminyaka engu-15 kuya ku-64);
• 4% - abantu umhlalaphansi (iminyaka 65).

sokusabalalisa okunjalo kudala ongaphakeme lokubala ubuningi babantu umthwalo isici emphakathini (langu-45.6 nga%). I isilinganiso sesibalo izingane kuya izakhamuzi ubudala esebenza 39,8%, impesheni umthwalo (inani esezigugile sabantu-15 nengu-64 iminyaka) kwaba 5.8%.

ukwazi ukufunda nokubhala

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangu-2 million 15 ubudala ukuthola noma baye bathola imfundo, ukufunda nokubhala. Inani labantu base-Mongolia kuyinto kwakhiwa cishe 99% is. Sekukonke, abantu abayizinkulungwane 35.7 ahlale abafundile.

Izinga lokufundisa abantu 98,18%, abesifazane - 98,58%. Youth ekukwati kufundza nekubhala izinga 98,05%.

Amasiko nemikhuba

Izihambi kanye Mongolia enobungane. Labantu esifundeni wamukelekile ukuze wabingelela isivakashi ngasinye isitsha itiye - kuba kuwuphawu lokuhlonipha umninikhaya. Ngu isiko, isivakashi has ukuthatha isitsha izandla zombili, uphawu ukwazisa okuthile izihambi yomnikazi.

Tsagaan Sar (New Year) - leli holidi kakhulu. Ngalolusuku abantu bembethe ingubo kazwelonke, hamba ukuvakashela izihlobo nabangani. Kukholakala ukuthi ngaphezulu edilini iholide, ngcono kuyoba abanikazi endlini siphile ngonyaka ozayo.

Njengoba amasiko lomshado, umka indodana abazali bakhe ufuna. Ngu usuku lomshado umkhwenyana kufanele ukwakha itende umakoti wakhe. Indoda esikhathini esizayo ngosuku samaholide makamthathe intombazane kusukela emzini wabazali bakhe ngehhashi.