Satires - Iyini? Umlando Omfushane netimphawu uhlobo

Satires - umkhiqizo ehlanganisa eqanjiwe, journalism futhi ukubhinqa. Kusukela ezincane amanothi nasemaphephandabeni , bakhulile yini ibe uhlobo ahlukene. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Iziphi izici agcwele satires? Yilokhu sizoxoxa.

Ukuvela nomqondo

Umqondo "lampoon" wayevela eFrance ngekhulu XIX futhi kwakungekaNkulunkulu journalism. Nge-ke French ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi "uhlu", kuba eshidini bese waqala umlando kwethemu. Ngo-1800 iphephandaba ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Journal de Deba» (Ijenali des débats) waqala ukuqinisa izinhlelo esezingeni ifaka ezincane, okuyinto kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi uvuthondaba.

Isihloko esikhulu kwaba inqubomgomo iphephandaba. Yavula ekuqaleni French Revolution futhi imibiko eshicilelwe uhulumeni, izinqumo, ama-oda, nezimemezelo lamaphini nezinye izindaba ngale ndlela. ifaka engeziwe, kunalokho, kwakufanele ezombusazwe okumsulwa. Bona ngesineke isitayela ophilayo futhi egqoka ukuzwakala ngokwethukela.

Iphephandaba satires - kwaba indlela ukubungaza izilaleli, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuziqhakambisa yanyatheliswa. On ifaka ukubeka izikhangiso, nezimfumbe, izinkondlo, incwadi ukubuyekezwa, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, charades, puzzle nezimfumbe.

ukuthuthukiswa uhlobo

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi igama elithi "lampoon" kwavela ngemva French Revolution, kunenkolelo yokuthi uhlobo uqobo wazalwa eminyakeni eyikhulu ngaphambili. abasunguli zako ziyizindlela Deni Didro futhi uVoltaire - abalobi imisebenzi satirical ezibucayi phakathi kwenkolo nezombusazwe.

Satires emaphephandabeni French ngokushesha yayiswa ithoni efanayo. Okuphambili njengoba charades nokubuyekeza, basheshe savela zibe uhlobo ahlukene etemibhalo lesibonwa, uVoltaire congenial futhi Diderot.

Okokuqala, ephephandabeni ifaka beqale avele izingcaphuno izincwadi, ezifana "Amathathu Musketeers" ngu Alexandre Dumas. Kule kuvela uhlobo olusha - noveli-feuilleton. Yena kwakungekaNkulunkulu namanga futhi luqondiswe umfundi jikelele, ngaphandle kokuba sobuhle bayo akhethekile nobuciko.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimbongi European nabalobi nesandla ekwakhekeni lampoon zezombusazwe. It libhekene indida egqamile futhi ngisho ukubhinqa ngezombusazwe eyayidingida izinkinga zezenhlalakahle. Uhlobo kwaqinisa ngenxa Viktoru Roshforu-Lucey, Genrihu Geyne, Georg Weert, Ludwig yizinambuzane t. D.

Skit - kuyini? Izici uhlobo

Manje sihlobana imisebenzi amancane kungenziwa emelelwa inoveli, indzaba, ivesi noma indaba. Skit - uhlobo ngasemngceleni ophakathi izincwadi kanye journalism. Nge imidwebo yakhe ihlanganisa amasu ifomu isethulo, ngenkathi nokucija okuqukethwe libhekisela journalism.

Ukuze lo msebenzi libhekene imininingwane e izithombe amaqiniso, ukugxeka, indida. Njengoba izihloko ezisemqoka omagazini evuthayo umphakathi kanye nezombusazwe. Feuilletons - okusebenza okuveza ukukhubazeka womuntu, ezifana minuteness, noma avidity, isib, umbhedo lowo.

Lampoon ngezinye izikhathi ezihambisana ne uhlobo yamahlaya. Nokho, lokho akusho ukuthi sikwenze kubangele uhleko. Inhloso Its main iwukubonisa into ethile ngokusebenzisa ukuklolodelwa, Banter phezu kwalo futhi, mhlawumbe, ukwenza umfundi acabange.

Satires eRussia

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanti eRussia kwakukhona satires - kwaba umsebenzi wezinga eliphansi. Ekuqaleni, ababebheka nge negative, uma iqhathaniswa naso tabloids futhi ezishibhile abampofu izincwadi izinga. Ngu neminyaka engu-20 th kwekhulu XIX isimo sengqondo maqondana nabo yaqala ukushintsha. Ngakho, kwakukhona satires Baron Brambeus ngezitatimende ezibucayi mayelana izincwadi Okuqukethwe akuzwakali nenhlamba.

amanothi Cijela wayevelele Alexander Pushkin, Dob, Bestuzhev, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Pan, Nekrasov. Uhlobo kancane kancane kwakuqala ukwanda. Satires babekwa ngokuthi "Ingwenya" umagazini "Spark", "I-alamu". Imibono yamaKhomanisi ethile futhi nokucija baye bathola ngesikhathi salezi zinguquko.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX nale uhlobo wasebenza Doroshevich, Yablonovsky. Boris Yegorov noSimoni Narinyani ngisho kudedelwa ehlukile encwadini izinhlelo. Ngo "Satyricon okusha" Mayakovsky banyathelisa izihloko zakhe namaculo ( "Anthem iqhinga", "National Anthem usosayensi et al.).