Evundile wokwakha ukhonkolo: ubuchwepheshe, amathuluzi, ukusetshenziswa ingcina

manje ezitolo nosimende usunikeza olubandakanya izinto kanye nezinhlelo, kanye ezahlukene isigaba intengo futhi uya khona. Omunye wabo evundile. Akayena intuthuko entsha, kodwa anezinga eliphezulu legciwane uphawuleka nale minyaka eyishumi edlule. Ngenxa ukuthandwa elandayo labantu abaningi abanesifiso sokwazi, indlela evundile wokwakha ukhonkolo ngezandla zabo.

izici

Ngesisekelo ukhonkolo evundile zimumethe izithako yokufakelwa premixed emanzini, ezifana usimende, umcako, isihlabathi namanxusa ohlabayo. Isakhiwo ubonakala ngokuba sebuningini ikhule ezimbotsheni esihle ukungena nakwamanye amazwe, ngoba ke amabhlogo zinezikhathi voidage okusezingeni eliphezulu. Material akhicitwe nakuchubeka ukuchayeka okushisa aphakeme futhi ingcindezi, kulandele elapha i autoclave. Izindleko odongeni evundile kuhluka 50 kuya $ 100 ucezu ngalunye, kuye ngokuthi ungakanani.

Amabhulokhi abe mass elincane, kanjalo asidingi ukusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile. Kungenzeka futhi ukuba usike yimaphi amafomu adingekayo usebenzisa hacksaw ejwayelekile phezu kwezinkuni.

amaphutha

Lokhu yokwakha akakwazi ngokuthi jikelele, futhi abantu abaningi bakhetha ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokwakha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona inombolo ezanele nemiphumela ethile engathandeki, main zazo yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Fragility. Uma evundile wokwakha ukhonkolo zizokwenziwa endaweni nomsebenzi seismological, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi ukunyakaza phansi kungaholela imifantu esiyingozi isakhiwo. Kungase kuthinte umhlobiso ingaphakathi. Sikhishwe yokuthi ebusweni impahla lilimele kalula nge ukufakwa kokumqoka kuphela, kuyacaca isidingo hardware ekhethekile ukuze uthumele umthwalo ngesikhathi nokubopha ngesikhathi ifenisha odongeni ezakhiwe futhi ukwakha izinhlelo ezishintshwe izakhi.
• Absorbability. Ukunciphisa lokhu impahla cishe kungenakwenzeka, ngoba ukuba khona isethi ikhule ezimbotsheni ekhuthaza ukumuncwa asebenzayo umswakama kusukela imvelo. Lena obonakalayo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni obubandayo nehlobo wavutha. I hygroscopicity kwandisa ezingeni nomswakama isakhiwo, njengoba ematfuba nesenzakalo imifantu phezu odongeni, njengoba evundile wokwakha ukhonkolo ubamba amanzi, oqala ukumisa ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi futhi ukwandisa, kokulimaza impahla.

Okumbi okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, nakuba sina ngokwanele, kodwa ungakwazi ukubhekana nazo. amahange Ifanele ukufakwa, ukwahlukanisa yangaphandle futhi umswakama ukwahlukanisa izinga sizobaxosha khona.

Izinto kanye namathuluzi

Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi kudingekile ukulungisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• isixazululo usimende;
• ingcina ekhethekile;
• ezingeni;
• trowel;
• nokufakwa kwayo;
• iraba ngesando;
• spatula;
• ibhodi ukugaya.

ukusetshenziswa glue

Emakethe namuhla eziningi ngezakhiwo ukusebenza izinto ezingafani amazinga ephezulu umswakama ukumuncwa, ezifana ukhonkolo, ubukhulu lapho ngokwesilinganiso 30h20h60 cm, amagwebu. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa izixazululo ukuze kusebenziswe futhi yamathebhu etholwe evele.

Isicelo ingcina akubangi izinkinga. Zonke izingxenye nje elixutshwe ngezabelo esithile. Umsebenzi kungenziwa lula kakhulu usebenzisa sokuprakthiza okhethekile nge gwedla-mixer.

Lapho usebenzisa i-ungqimba impahla 1 cm kumele kube mayelana 1.5 kg Ukwakheka ezomile per imitha square for 1 block. Uma kukhona okungahambi ingcina ukusetshenziswa iyakhula. Kuyinto efiselekayo basebenzisa ingxube isisekelo okuncane, ngaleyo ndlela sinciphise amathuba kumiswa "amalunga abandayo".

Izinzuzo ingcina

I-aerocrete ingcina kunezinzuzo eziningi ukuthi abakwazi ukuqhosha usimende. isihlabathi Fractional futhi Portland usimende, eziqukethwe Ukwakheka, ukuhlinzeka ikhono lokusakaza ungqimba ezondile ingxube, lokho kukunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukudleka ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokushintsha ikhwalithi izici uxhumano. izakhiwo Yesigcilikisha futhi iyunifomu ukugcwaliswa ibangelwa kwalokho yezingxenye polymer. Umswakama Ukugcinwa ukunikeza abakhi ekhethekile.

Ukwelapha ingcina ukuncipha isinxephezelo, futhi uhluke ukumelana namanzi, moldability futhi ezingeni ezanele adhesion. Uma usebenzisa lokhu block inhlangano impahla kumele kwenziwe imizuzu 10-20, cishe imizuzu engu-5 kunikezwa ukulungiswa. Ngemuva ukupheka, ingxube kufanele uchithe kungakapheli amahora amathathu. Ngaphansi isimo okushisa aphansi phakathi ukusetshenziswa Ukwakheka kuyehla. Phakathi nomsebenzi ebusika kudingeka sinake ekhethekile ukushuba we ezivuzayo kanye ukuphelela ukugcwaliswa yabo.

Ukubona intuthuko yomsebenzi

evundile ukhonkolo wokwakha nqubo ihilela ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo isakhiwo, esebenza njengoba isisekelo inombolo yokuqala amabhlogo. Cap kumele ngaso 60-80 cm ebusweni kwenhlabathi. Kudinga impoqo ukubekwa uphawu gasket phakathi ukhonkolo igesi kanye isisekelo.

Lokukhuphula umugqa wokuqala yesixazululo esetshenziswa, basakaza on the ungqimba ungangenisi amanzi. Umsebenzi Wamatshe izindonga sasakhiwe ngokhonkolo evundile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo olunjani lwesakhiwo njalo kwenziwe kusuka ekhoneni. Ngenxa yale njongo, ngamunye wabo pre-tensioned intambo, okuyinto ihlola ngokunemba we ukufakwa onkhe emabhuloki, ukuqinisekisa kuyinto eminye esetshenziswa ngoba isakhiwo ezingeni. Rubber isando ikuvumela ukuba ushintshe indawo izakhi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ingxube ingcina akudingekile uma usebenzisa iyunithi "ulimi futhi inkatho" uhlelo. Izindleko zalolu hlobo ngokhonkolo evundile kuyinto ruble mayelana 100 apiece. Zonke semfene kufanele ahlanze ngemva kokumiswa emgqeni ngamunye, bese wasebenzisa ukugaya ibhodi grouting.

izakhi engeziwe kumele pre-lithi wanqunywa. Ngenxa Ukwakheka kwabo, umsebenzi engenziwa Usebenzisa hacksaw abavamile. Ungasebenzisa okwabonwa band ukunikeza ngaphezulu ngisho ukusika. Kulokhu, isikhathi ukunemba ngamunye kufanele vymeryat usebenzisa gon.

Ukukhweza lomugqa olandelayo kwenziwa ngemva kokunyamalala amahora 2-3 kusukela kwaqedwa ukustaka aphansi. Corner amabhlogo Ligation kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi emgqeni ngamunye. Rubber ngesando kushintshwe ngezikhathi ephakanyiswe izakhi.

Izici

Ukubeka evundile kudinga ngokucophelela ukuhambisana interfacing izindonga. Ngo ngodonga yangaphakathi emgqeni ngamunye yesibili kufanele kuhlobane main odongeni isakhiwo, walibumba is esebenzisa izibopho noma amahange lapho eqondiswa isiqeshana perforated lashukumisa. Futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana Hydro futhi uzwakale ukwahlukanisa of ngodonga ingaphakathi.

Ukuhlela slabs phakathi izibuya kufanele ondle ukutholakala ukwesekwa nokuqinisa ibhande. It is ukwenziwa inombolo lokugcina amabhlogo futhi ukhonkolo ukuqinisa ibhande njengoba yokugcizelela izakhi. Anakho ezihlukahlukene nemisebenzi, kuhlanganise: iyunifomu umthwalo ukwabelana uhlelo ukufulela truss, izakhiwo Ukuvikelwa odongeni kusuka ukubukeka imifantu. Ukuze uthintane izindonga nophahla esetshenziswa mauerlat okuyinto eqondiswa kahle ku Ukubeka amanetha.

ukuqinisa design

Evundile, ogama Ubukhulu ziyahlukahluka ngokwenjongo wamakhasi nokuma kwawo, isibonelo, ngqo usayizi block ukudala ngodonga bakha 600h250h150 mm ngokwanele impahla ziyaqothuka futhi kudinga umsebenzi ukuqinisa. Injongo yale nqubo ukunciphisa umthwalo, okuyinto has a ophahleni lwesakhiwo noma phansi Slabs. ukuqinisa Umsebenzi Wamatshe inikeza amandla ezengeziwe kwesakhiwo ukuphila isikhathi eside.

Ngempela umsebenzi eyenziwa emgqeni ongaphambili, kusukela futhi ngamunye lwesithathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liyakhula ibhande ngaphansi iphansi, amafasitela nezicabha bengena.

Shtrobnye inkatho usike kanye odongeni azungezwe wokwakha ukuqinisa lokukhuphula. Ezimweni eziningi, ababili kuphela bands nge ububanzi ezingekho ngaphezu 4 cm. Kufanele zibekwe 6-8 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Ukuze ugcwalise yiliphi ikhambi esetshenziswa-semi liquid wokwakha evundile pre Stroebe bahlanza kusuka uthuli. Isixazululo lalikhungethwe ngokuphelele izakhi gcizelela, ogama ubukhulu kufanele ibe mayelana 10 mm. Isixazululo, eyakhululwa ebusweni ngaphandle ngokushesha asuswe. Ukubeka uchungechunge elandelayo kungaba kwenziwe ngokushesha, kungekho isidingo ukulinda isixazululo omiswe.

Umsebenzi nenkathi ebandayo

Umsebenzi Wamatshe desirably eyenziwa ezingeni lokushisa ngenhla zero, kungenjalo kukhona izindleko ezengeziwe for amalahle ngeziningi zezinto zokwakha. aerocrete Yesigcilikisha iqukethe imali eyanele amanzi, ngoba ngawo ukuthi ngokushesha iqandiswe umkhuhlane futhi akusho ukuphatha ukulungisa isakhiwo.

Ukudalwa umthwalo esindayo izindonga nge lokushisa ezimbi kungenziwa enikeziwe isilinganiso ezingeni yansuku zonke hhayi ngaphansana -6 ° C, kufanele futhi ukuthi ingabi eside okokuqandisa design kanye kwezulu. Uma lokhu Isixazululo zisetshenziselwe, okuyinto yakhiwa emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni izithasiselo. Ingxube siphelile edliwe emizuzwini engu-30, ekulungiseleleni isetshenziselwa amanzi eshubile. Esikhathini ungqimba laloko ingcina ngokushesha embondelene amabhlogo, ekuvimbeleni amakhefu. isisindo Kungenjalo obledeneet kanye nomsebenzi kusayithi ngeke kwenzeke. Ukumboza irowu lokugcina ifilimu esetshenziswa.

Izindleko kanye impahla ekulondolozeni

Amabhulokhi kumele agcinwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele ukuvimbela ukulahleka kucutshungulwa izakhiwo kanye izinga. Uma usuku lokuthenga nokusebenzisa kuzothatha okungenani inyanga, kungekho impahla isuswe emaphaketheni yasekuqaleni evikela ke kusukela ithonya elibi imvelo. Kuyadingeka ukuba asuse izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi ukuze abe nesikhathi shabalala umswakama okweqile.

At izindleko laying zikasimende ezithinta imali kwi izakhiwo ukuthuthwa impahla kanye izindleko ukuqaliswa wokwakha imisebenzi. Futhi, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula mayelana ivolumu kokuthengwa seasonality, nakho nomthelela.

Intengo imitha cubic of material incike iyunithi kophawu, amandla izici futhi ngaphakathi ruble 2000-4500. izici engeziwe, ngaphezu ivolumu abeyizuzile futhi isikhathi sonyaka, nakho kubhekisela ekuzeni ukutholakala isitokwe nokukhiqiza inkampani.