Bolshevism kaZwelonke: emibonweni yabantu nasendleleni yabo isimiso esiyisisekelo

National Bolshevism - esivusa olukhulu zezombusazwe, ogama nefilosofi kusekelwe abavumelana ngayo ngokwedlulele kwesokunxele bese kakhulu kwesokudla-wing ukubukwa. Namanje akuyona incazelo eyodwa futhi nomqondo umcabango zezombusazwe. e imibono yabo ehlukene sabuka tenhlangano ayezicabangela okwawo. National Bolshevism yayidumile kakhulu eJalimane esikhathini interwar kanti eRussia ngemva kokuwa Soviet.

isizukulwane

Kuwo wonke umlando saba khona, National amaBolshevik (NBP) kuhlulekile ukudala ukunyakaza yezombangazwe enamandla. Ngakho kunzima ngempela ukuba sithungathe umlando waleli ukuvela kwalesi Paradigm zezombusazwe.

Kukholakala ukuthi okokuqala ukubukwa lawo lizwakalise ngo-1919. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Europe ihlaselwe crisis ezinkulu zezombangazwe. imibono Political, wake wacabanga nakancane, lwenteke by amasu okugumbuqela imibuso nokuvukela. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwaba ethandwa kakhulu Amathrendi ezimbili ezintsha: ubukhomanisi "neonationalism". Bobabili emakamu babe ukuphikiswa komunye nomunye. Nokho, ezinye izazi zefilosofi kulezi ezibonakala kokuqhathanisa, ukufana.

ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso

Ikakhulu National Bolshevism ukweleta ukubonakala kwawo ukuba ukunqoba kwe-revolution eRussia. Yafika amandla bangamakhomanisi wema engqongeni izikhundla internationalist. Nokho, ezinye izikhulu babekholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukwakha umphakathi sezenhlalo esikhathini esizayo wobukhomanisi, esekelwe yobuhlanga abantu namasiko. Abantu abanale mibono bebelokhu ethandwa kakhulu eJalimane.

Kuklebhukile yizingxabano zemibango yezwe ilahlekelwe nje impi, Kwehla ekujuleni nobukhulu bale nkinga. I Weimar Republic kwaba todvwa Imininingwane ngamazwe. I cindezela bese izikhulu kwemibuso yaseYurophu eziye zasetshenziselwa ukulwa amaJalimane, amazwi anjengokuthi "isizwe odelelekile kakhulu e-Europe," nokunye. Okunjalo kwaba nomthelela ekukhuleni zokwazisa ubuzwe kanye nokuthanda umqondo ubunye donsile among amaJalimane ngokwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sahlala kwelinye izwe e ukungavunyelwa kwabantu bakwamanye amazwe - Soviet Russia. AmaKhomanisi sebekubeke ukwamukela ukuhlazeka nsuku kazwelonke, futhi sakhombisa inqubekela phambili ebonakalayo izinguquko ekuphileni komphakathi sabantu. Uprofesa Berlin uPawulu Eltsbaher ithuthukisa umqondo inyunyana ye eJalimane entsha bese Soviet Russia.

umqondo Union

Okokuqala, umqondo ubunye Russia nase eJalimane, lapho-ke kubhekwe kazwelonke-bolshevism kwaba geopolitical eyashukumisela. Amazwe amabili hlala ebalulekile empilweni nezombangazwe zaseYurophu futhi lonke izwekazi. I-United States ayizange abe nethonya elingaka phezu Izwe Elidala, eyaqala ukuvelela kuzo ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Ngakho-ke, kwasikiselwa ukuthi inyunyana Germany neRussia iyolawula umhlaba wonke. National amaBolshevik ahlinzekwa ukwakha platform omusha wepolotiki ngesisekelo KwamaBolshevik Revolution, kodwa kulondolozwe amasiko kazwelonke kanye nokusetshenziswa ungubani yobuhlanga njengoba inguquko injini.

anti-capitalism

Imibono National Bolshevism kusekelwe ayenqaba olukhulu capitalism. Zonke theorists ukuphika ukuthi empini ekilasini. Kule ndawo, Paradigm cishe ngokuphelele amakhophi ukubukwa esashiwo bangamakhomanisi. Ngokwe-theory kunenkolelo yokuthi umhlaba wonke sehlukaniswe abacindezeli nabacindezelwe. Kodwa uma kwesokunxele kubhekwa uhlelo kosozimali kuphela njengoba indlela ukuxhaphaza kwezomnotho, National amaBolshevik iphathwa inkinga "kwesokudla" ohlangothini. Bakholelwa ukuthi indlela kosozimali wokuphila, aqede amalungelo alinganayo emphahleni hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kuholela nokwehliswa kwesithunzi uquqaba. capitalism okubi National amaBolshevik ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa emkhankasweni wakhe, kanye, namaKhomanisi.

buka-German

Fridrih Lents kudala inhlangano "Der Vorkampfer". National Bolshevism iba party kuqala zezombusazwe. Abacwaningi abaningi bathambekele ubheke abazalwane National amaBolshevik Strasser. izimbangi kaHitler ngaphakathi National Socialist Party sinqatshiwe nokucwasa sokugembula sokudumisa yabo futhi ngacabanga ukuthi umzamo main kumele uye ekulweni nesitha ekilasini. National amaBolshevik zazimeleleni ukusungulwa oluphelele lwazo zonke ubunikazi eyimfihlo izindlela zokukhiqiza. Kuphakanyiswa ukwethula isilawuli eqinile nakho ngeke kusize isimo sawo wonke imikhakha yezomnotho. Kule ndaba, National amaBolshevik babephefumulelwe impumelelo kwezimboni kukaStalin ophoqelelwe.

Umnotho yethulwa njengoba kuhlelwe nge ocacile zomsebenzi. Hans Ebeling wabhala imisebenzi ezibalulekile eziningana okuhlelwa ipulazi ngokuhlanganyela. Indlelanchubo yekusebentisa kuhlelwe kwaba yathandeka kakhulu phakathi Kwesokunxele esemancane eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Industrial yobuhle kwaba esinye sezici ezibonakalisa ukushisekela ubuzwe entsha kanye nobukhomanisi.

ungubani kaZwelonke

Isimiso eziyisisekelo National Bolshevism Kusolwa emasikweni abantu ezihlukahlukene inguquko injini kazwelonke. izinqubomgomo National umelwe olandelanayo traditionalist futhi angabacwasi. theorists Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuphela ubunye abantu ngesisekelo ungubani yobuhlanga kuzosiza ukwakha umphakathi omusha. Izinkolelo ezingokwenkolo zazihlukile. National amaBolshevik kokufika kwegagasi lokuqala futhi ikakhulukazi yesibili kwakungafanele engokwenkolo. Babekholelwa ukuthi inkolo kuphela ibonakalisa ubuzwe, ngakho musa baphikisane ihluka kakhulu, njengoba kwenza amaKhomanisi eRussia.

Kwaba ngemva kwezikhathi zokulotshwa namaSoviet kube umsebenzi ethandwa kakhulu kwezombangazwe, okwakusho lalotshwa uDavide Brandenberger. National Bolshevism, ngokombono wakhe, ke wazalwa Stalin inkathi. Umcwaningi wenza isibonelo izinguquko isimiso samaSoviet yamanani ngosuku olwandulela seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. inkulumo-ze lamaSoviet laqala uxhumane kazwelonke izisusa rusotsentristskim namaqhawe kazwelonke yesikhathi esidlule. Lokhu kwakwenziwa phakathi kohlaka ukugqugquzela sabantu nempi ezayo. Abanye abashisekeli ka Tsarist eRussia avuselelwa: saseNevsky, Kutuzov, Rasputin nabanye. Motifs ezinjalo kuyaphumelela. amabutho amaningi ezombusazwe futhi manje bajwayele.

National Bolshevism eRussia

Eyokuqala NBP yasekhaya uvele phakathi kwelinye izwe Russian. Ngemva kokumiswa amandla Soviet, abanye abaphikisi bombuso baye elibuyekeziwe isimo sabo sengqondo ukuze ubukhomanisi ngenxa impumelelo umbuso omusha. Sikuveze umbono ka ngokuhlanganisa ukubukwa abokufika "amhlophe" futhi ebomvu amaBolshevik. Abanye abaholi ngisho wabhala amaphepha ocwaningo wazithumela eMoscow. National amaBolshevik babekholelwa ukuthi indawo nemave kanye cosmopolitanism, phezu traditionalism nobuzwe, primordial ukuphuthumisa revolution unomphela.

yesimanjemanje

Eminingi yanamuhla NBP idealize Stalin inkathi zase-USSR, bakubheka njengobuthakathaka imodeli kohlelo National kwamaBolshevik. Lokhu kungenxa yokungabikho inkulumo-ze-Soviet ihehe amasiko kazwelonke. Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, e-Russia kwakukhona National-kwamaBolshevik lokuqala Party. Umholi wayo kwaba Eduard Limonov. Belingana naye wema ngasemnyango Inhloko Dugin sefilosofi umculi Yegor Letov. I NBP khumbula baningana ephezulu iphrofayela izenzo ngqo e nineties.

National amaBolshevik ashaqe nezakhiwo zokuqondisa, kwaphazamisa umhlangano kahulumeni, bahlasele lo izikhulu ezikhohlakele. Movement wagxeka kwesokunxele nakwesokudla. National Bolshevism futhi Trotskyism zazihlale e kuphikiswa eqinile nakho ngeke kusize omunye komunye, naphezu ukufana imibono. futhi ukugxeka

NBP uphinde wagxeka "ilungelo". Liberals futhi centrists ungathathi ezinqala isikhundla anti-Capitalist. Ngo nineties, ukunyakaza National kwamaBolshevik uthathé okwandile ngempela. A ezihlukahlukene obani abangane bethu emazweni amaningi post-Soviet. ERussia, abanye NBP wathola imigomo eside ejele ngaphansi kwezimo kunalokho eziyinqaba. Ngemuva kokuboshwa kwala iningi ukunyakaza isishoshovu yayisiqala ukuwa. Kuleli qophelo embhalweni eRussia kanye namazwe post-Soviet akukho zomthetho kazwelonke-kwamaBolshevik ukunyakaza.