Geneva Convention: izimiso empi ngenhlonipho

I-Geneva Convention iqoqo ngibopha imithetho umthetho yibo bonke uthi, okuhloswe ngaso Noma kunalokhu kuvikeleka kwezomthetho izisulu izimpi ezinkulu izingxabano wendawo (kokubili ngezinga lomhlaba wonke, futhi nemvelo yasekhaya). Lokhu Idokodo lomthetho futhi isethi kakhulu elilinganiselwe izindlela futhi izindlela zempi, esekelwe izikhundla zobuntu futhi esintwini. I-Geneva Convention ngokuyinhloko washintsha sama ngesihluku impi, okwenza kube ophucukile xaxa nesihawu.

Umlando impucuko womuntu, ngokwengxenye enkulu, singakwazi ukufunda umlando nesibalo esikhulu izimpi lamadigri ubudlova nokuchithwa kwegazi obuhlukahlukene. Kuyinto cishe engenakwenzeka ukuthola ekhulwini okungenani eyodwa, ukuba ikhiphe ne ahlomile amandla ukuphikiswa abantu. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, lapho kuqala impi ukuze uthole libonwe ngaphambili, mass nesihluku, lapho isayensi e Symbiosis nge intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe wayesevele esimweni ukunikeza yobuqaba lempi mass ekubhujisweni amathuluzi, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo ukusungula idokhumenti yomthetho esibaluleke kangaka njengoba Geneva Convention. Kuye kulayini ubuhlobo phakathi kwezinhlangano ukuhilizisana eyalandela kunciphise inani lezakhamuzi ezafa.

Geneva Convention 1864, baba idokhumenti yokuqala enjalo emlandweni, kwadingeka i value okusasele itholakala lokuthi ukuthi wayemi sivumelwano kubasekeli ivulekele ukubusa yokuzithandela by wonke amazwe. Lo mbhalo elincane ehlanganisa eyishumi kuphela izihloko okuqalwe lonke umthetho inkontileka yempi, wonke umthetho wokusiza yomthetho nencazelo yabo yesimanje.

Ngemva kweminyaka emibili eyokuqala Geneva Convention owawuse, uma mina bangase basho kanjalo, umbhapathizo umlilo phezu zempi ka iMpi Austro-Prussian. Prussia, okuyinto ingenye ngowokuqala yenza lokhu sivumelwano, banamathela amalungiselelo ayo. I Prussian Army kwadingeka izibhedlela kahle futhi Esibomvu wayezenza atholakale lapho lapho kudingeka usizo lwakhe. Enye sasinjani isimo ekamu aphikisanayo. Austria akuyona kumsayini komhlangano, nje waphonsa eyayilimele yabo enkundleni yempi.

Injongo izinhlelo okwalandela yalesi sivumelwano somhlaba, esekelwe nakho yezimpi esidlule, kwaba ukuvikelwa hhayi kuphela amalungelo iziboshwa zempi, kodwa futhi nabantu abangasithandi abahileleke ngokuqondile ubutha (lapho izakhamuzi ezibulewe nezikhulu benkolo, izisebenzi zokwelapha), kanye umkhumbi, abagulayo, abalimele, kungakhathaliseki ekutheni yiziphi amaqembu alwayo basonta. izinto ezithile, ezifana nezibhedlela, ama-ambulensi kanye ejensi womthetho ahlukahlukene kakhulu, zivikelwe izihloko ezifanele Geneva Convention futhi ayikwazi ehlaselwa noma yinto impi enkundleni.

Lo mbhalo ngamazwe normative futhi esichaza izindlela kungavunyelwe zempi. Ikakhulukazi, ayivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa izakhamuzi ngezinjongo ezempi, kungavunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezikhali zamakhemikhali, anti-izisebenzi zasezimayini. incazelo Ejulile Geneva Convention ukuzama ukuqinisekisa ukulinganisela okunengqondo phakathi isidingo ezempi kanye Tactical ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi esintwini ngakolunye. Nge ushintsho ubunjalo inkomba kanye kwenkululeko impi kunesidingo e umagazini omusha we-Geneva Convention. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvumelana izibalo kwekhulu elidlule, kuzo zonke izisulu ayikhulu sempi namashumi ayisishiyagalombili nanhlanu bayizakhamuzi. Ikakhulukazi lokhu kusebenza futhi impi zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho emlandweni - neMpi Yezwe II, lapho cishe njalo State, ukubamba iqhaza kuwo, hhayi kuphela i- izinhlinzeko zoMthetho Geneva Convention, kodwa futhi zonke izimiso ongazicabanga zokuziphatha jikelele.

Izivumelwano ezenziwa eGeneva ezine ka 1949, yezifiso ezimbili ezengeziwe ka 1977, kukhona ukuthi besiyoba sikhulu futhi imibhalo multipage kukhona jikelele. Besayina emazweni 188 emhlabeni. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le mihlangano okubekwe ngayo kubopha wonke amazwe, ngisho non-iqhaza.