Kuphi futhi nini kwakungamadodana Cortes eSpain? Kwenzani lokhu gama?

Ngaleso sikhathi, Spain kwaba omunye imibuso amakhulu eYurophu. A umthelela omkhulu nezinqubomgomo nolaka ababusi balo ebandleni bekungekhe kukghonakale ngaphandle anokuhambisana uhlelo sangaphakathi emandleni obukhosi, okuyinto ezinqumweni zawo yayisekelwe ithonya zezingongolo ezimbili - amabutho neSonto neziphathimandla zezwe. Kuyinto egatsheni wesibili uhulumeni kanye wayemelele Cortes.

Authority - Cortes

Kuphi futhi nini Cortes wabonakala, kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuthi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi phakathi nekhulu leminyaka-12, izwi kakade lalisetshenziswa Enkulumweni eyayivame futhi asemthethweni. Umsuka lezi zindikimba exhunywe ne igama ekuseni amakhosi Spanish - Fernando II Nokufuna Kuka-Alfonso IX.

I Cortes abangu akhethwe yesifunda efana iPhalamende England nase -United Jikelele eFrance. Nokho, e-Spain lolu hlobo uhulumeni kukhona kancane ekuqaleni. Ngo Castile Korol Fernando II bacela iseluleko hhayi kuphela izicukuthwane futhi abefundisi, kodwa futhi ukuchuma izakhamuzi - caballero. Kwaba umshado phakathi indodana yakhe Infanta Berenguelloy Frindiha Barbarossa angayizali uConrad. Inkontileka umshado phakathi izindlalifa imibuso emibili ezinamandla eziqukethwe izinto eziningi ezidinga bawuhloniphe.

I etymology kwegama elithi

Ngeshwa, akukho idatha okunokwethenjelwa mayelana nalokho izwi lisho. Ukwazi kuphi futhi nini Cortes uvele Spain, akusho ukucacisa umsuka langempela kwethemu. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu wabolekwa lwesigodi Castilia noma Aragon ka ulimi lweSpanishi kanye nezimpande zaso kokuqala elahleka emakhulwini eminyaka. Esikhathini ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, igama elithi ngokuvamile exovwe Latin elithi "curia". Mhlawumbe impendulo yombuzo othi "yini Cortes" itholakala ngokungenaphutha komthetho wamaRoma. Kodwa lapho Cortes uvele Spain, futhi indlela ababephathwa siguqulelwa somphakathi zingaphendulwa kuphi futhi nokuningi. Ngemva Cortes - the prototypes amaphalamende yesimanje kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu.

Izimiso Alfonso IX

Mayelana kuphi futhi nini Cortes uvele Spain, ososayensi basaqhubeka ingxabano. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuphela kwekhulu le-12 kuyo yonke imihlangano futhi abahwebi abacebile kwakungafanele ehlelekile. Ngo 1188, iNkosi León Alfonso ngokuthi izakhamuzi ezicebile, abameleli yezikhulu futhi abefundisi - abantu engcono edume kakhulu Spain. Ukuze Cortes ngayiphi injongo zadalwa, singafundani zemihla ngemihla emfushane isikhathi. Lezi abameleli amakilasi amathathu impahla pledged allegiance enkosini yayo. Inkosi yena, wathatha isifungo uyavuma ukuba sethembeke abantu, ukuhlonipha amalungelo namasiko yezwe.

Kuyini Cortes? Okunjalo izivumelwano ubuhlobo show kwasekuqaleni ukuthi emandleni obukhosi eSpain kwakungelona ngokuphelele - isimemezelo elula lwasebukhosini ukhulisa izimali noma yekwatisa izakhamuzi akazange isiqinisekiso ekugcwalisekeni okuphelele. Kodwa uziphakamisile zangokwasemuva zezinhlelo izibhelu njalo amaSulumane, nalezo zinsongo kungaba amakhosi zenkululeko nokuzibusa. Ngakho-ke, ezinye ukwesekwa izakhamuzi Leon futhi Castile eyayidingeka. Kwaba kukhona ukuthi uvele umhlangano wokuqala yenhlangano eSpain.

Lokhu kwakwenziwa ngayiphi injongo zadalwa Cortes?

Okokuqala - ukufeza nokweseka izakhamuzi 'imisebenzi yezempi nezindaba zomphakathi. Esesibili - ukwenziwa imithetho ethile ukuxhumana phakathi kwezakhamizi, abefundisi nabantu abavamile. Le mithetho izitsha ku yangasese impahla imithetho kanye nokukhokha intela. Isethi imithetho zahambisana kanye kwenkululeko ngokuthi "fueros".

Ukubukeka kwamakhasi Cortes

zemihla Medieval kanye zemihla ungakwazi ukuphendula umbuzo kuphi futhi nini Cortes uvele Spain. Indaba uya ukuthi kwemizi yokuqala, ephethwe esebenzisa Cortes, babe Castile ne Leon. Isikhathi mihlangano kumele chasiselwe 11-12 leminyaka. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwaba ukunikeza ingxenye enamandla kakhulu namalungelo wezomthetho izakhamuzi kanye ukuguqulwa zabo kancane kancane ukuba ezimele. Okuphawulekayo umhlangano Cortes e 1202, lapho izakhamuzi ovelele ngithenge igunya nelungelo Mint igolide. Ukuze ukwakhiwa ilungelo omningi sesikhokhelwe, okuyinto cishe ayisithupha izikhathi mkhulu kunabo bonke izimali senkosi yase izintela kanye nezimali.

izigodi ezintathu

Yazi, abefundisi nabantu izakhamuzi - Caballeros - amakilasi amathathu owaba nengxenye emsebenzini we Cortes. New zomthetho yesifunda kungukuthi ihlezi ifakiwe abameleli amakilasi amathathu impahla. Estado militar - ngeziphathimandla - ukubeka imibuzo emphakathini. legatsha Ebhizinisi sidalwe beNkosi - Rikos amberos futhi gentry - Hidalgo kanye infanson. Abefundisi naye wayekhona amafomu ezimbili - archdiocese emaphakathi kanye nabefundisi bendawo. amandla Okwesithathu emelelwa Estado Llano - izihambeli ezivela imiphakathi yasemadolobheni iyazama ukubonisa. I-oda iqhaza yawo yayingaphelele zilandele izilinganiso ezithile. Esikhathini indawo yokuqala Cortes ubuhanjelwe yilabo abamele yamadolobha okuqondene umqhele. Esinye isimo kwaba khona kumkhandlu edolobheni sika siqu - Consejo. Kukhona amacala lapho izakhamuzi ukwenza izinqumo bebodwa.

Kuphi futhi nini kwakuyimindeni Cortes eSpain, ehlanganisa izakhamuzi? umhlangano Laziwe Valladolid e 1295 kanye kweminyaka emine. Ezidingidwa yifayela kuleyo mihlangano, akazange anikeze ngoba khona yezikhulu futhi abefundisi.

Manje Cortes - izidumbu eliphakeme umthetho Spain. Lapha, thatha izinqumo ngokuphathelene lonke isimo. Futhi kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi umsuka walo zohulumeni sabekwa iminyaka eyinkulungwane edlule Castile ne Leon.