Abantu abalula bavezwe kanjani encwadini ethi "Impi Nokuthula"?

Ake sibone ukuthi abantu bavezwe kanjani eNkulumweni Yempi noThuthulo likaLeo Tolstoy. Umbhali waqeda ukusebenza emsebenzini wakhe ngo-1867. Ekhuluma ngaye, wavuma ukuthi wayemthanda encwadini yakhe "ingqondo yabantu."

Izwe labasimili bomsebenzi emsebenzini

Abantu enkundleni ethi "Impi Nokuthula" kuboniswa kabanzi. Abalimi bezwe balichazwe ngokuningiliziwe ngumlobi. Esimweni sikaTolstoy, umhlaba wezilwane unelisekile futhi uvumelana. Umlobi wayengacabangi ukuthi abameleli bakhe badinga ithonya lobuhlakani. Amaqhawe-izicukuthwane azicabangi ukuthi kudingekile ukuba "uthuthukise" abalimi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, yilokho okugcina ukuthi bazithola besondelene nokuqonda injongo yokuphila. Lev Nikolaevich ubonisa izwe eliyinkimbinkimbi elingokomoya labamele abahlonishwayo kanye nenkolo engenalutho yezwe laseRussia njengezihlukahlukene, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo izimiso ezihambisanayo zokuba khona kwezwe lethu. Ikhono lokwenza uxhumano nabantu luyisibonakaliso sempilo yokuziphatha yezicukuthwane kuleveli.

Ukuhlukumeza kwemingcele phakathi kwezizinda

Ngokuphindaphindiwe uTolstoy ugcizelela ukuhlukana kwemingcele phakathi kwezizinda. Abantu, abavamile bawenza "kube obala." Abantu abakuloveli "Impi Nokuthula" bavame ukuguquka, bahlangane nomkhakha ophezulu womphakathi. U-Danilo, umshini wesibhamu, isibonelo, ugcwele "ukudelela konke" nokuthi "ukuzimela." Lo mzingeli uvumela yena ukuba abheke inkosi kaNicholas Rostov "ngokukhathazeka." Nokho, lokhu kwakungamcasuli kuNicholas. Wayeqonda ukuthi lo muntu usengowakhe. Wonke umuntu uyalingana ngesikhathi sokuzingela, konke kuncike ekuhlelweni okumiselwe usuku olulodwa. Kuphela ukushisa ukuzingela uDanilo angakwazi yini ukuthi u-Ilya Andreevich, olahlekelwe impisi, waqalekisa, waze wamhlasela nge-arapan. Ukuziphatha okunjalo kwe-serf ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile akunakwenzeka ngokuphathelene nenkosi.

Ake sinikeze esinye isibonelo sendlela abahloniphekile nabantu abahlanganyela ngayo e-War and Peace. Isigaba esibalulekile empilweni engokomoya yomunye wabaphikisi, uPeet Bezukhov, kwakuwumhlangano emakolishi ngeziboshwa zikaPlato Karataev. Ukholo olulahlekile empilweni lwabuyiselwa kuye ngokuqondile yilo sosha-ohlala ezweni. Isimiso sokuziphatha esiyinhloko esivumelwaneni seveli siba nguPetru isimo sengqondo esingenzeka emsebenzini wakhe uKarataev. Futhi uphetha ngokuthi mhlawumbe angeke aqonde imisebenzi yakhe yomphakathi, kodwa ngabe wayeyamukele impilo yomndeni ngokuqinisekile , ngoba wayethanda "ubuhle" kukho konke.

Isithombe sokuvukela kwabantu abakhulu

Isihloko sabantu encwadini ethi "Impi Nokuthula" ihlukile. UTolstoy, eveza ukuhlubuka kwabalimi baseB Boguchar, wabonisa isimo sakhe sengqondo ngokuqondene nezendlala zomhlaba wezinzalamizi, ezijwayele ukumelana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko. EB Bogucharovo, ukungahambisani nokuphila kwabantu kubonakala nakakhulu kunakwezinye izindawo, ngoba kwakunabanini bomhlaba abambalwa kakhulu, abafundela kanye namagceke. Umphakathi omncane ovaliwe uhlala lapha abalimi. Empeleni bahlukanisiwe ezweni lonke. Abalimi abangenaso isizathu esizwakalayo baqala ukuthutha ngendlela ethile, belalela imithetho engacaciswanga yokuba khona. UTolstoy ugcizelela ukuthi empilweni yabalimi baseB Bogucharovo, imifula engavamile yokuphila kwabantu baseRashiya yayinamandla futhi ibonakala ngaphezu kwezinye izindawo, incazelo kanye nezizathu zazo ezingenakulinganiswa ngabantu abaphila ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngomfanekiso wokuvukela, isihloko sabantu encwadini ethi "Impi Nokuthula" kuvula ngecala elisha.

Isizathu sokuvukela

Umzwelo jikelele, isici sokuvukela sizithoba ngokuphelele kubo bonke abalimi. Umfutho omkhulu wathinteka ngisho nongqongqoshe uDron. Ukungaphumeleli kwaphela isinkwa senkosikazi kaMary Mary ukusabalalisa kwabasimilayo. Kuphela "ukungalungi kwezilwane okungenangqondo" kukaRostov, "isenzo" sakhe esingenangqondo "esingasilonda lesi sixuku esithukuthele. Amandla ahlukumezekile alalela abalimi ngokulalela ngokungavumi, evuma ukuthi "ngokuhlubuka" bahlubuka. U-Lev Nikolaevich kulo msebenzi akazange abonise kuphela izimbangela zangaphandle zokuvukela ("ubudlelwane namaFulentshi" namahemuhemu mayelana "nentando", eyathathwa yinduna). Isizathu esifihliwe esicacile sezenhlalo kanye nomlando salesi senzakalo kwakuyi "amandla" angaphakathi, aqoqa kancane kancane futhi, njenge-lava, aphunyukile kusukela ku-volcano ebilisayo. Yingakho abantu abavamile bevukela eNkulumweni Yezimpi Nokuthula.

Isithombe sikaThikhon Shcherbaty

Isithombe seThikhon Shcherbaty yimininingwane ebalulekile ye-fresco mayelana nempi yabantu, eyenziwa nguTolstoy. I-Tikhon yahlasela isiFulentshi kuphela emzaneni wayo wonke. Wazibandakanya yena ngokwakhe eqembu "Denisov futhi wangena kuso ngokushesha omunye wabantu abadinga kakhulu, ebonisa ikhono elikhulu kanye ukuzingela izimpi guerrilla. Ngomfanekiso wakhe uphinde uhlaziywe abantu abavamile encwadini ethi "Impi Nokuthula".

I-Tikhon esitokisini esiphezulu sasihlala endaweni ekhethekile. Wenza wonke umsebenzi omnyama, wayeyindoda enesibindi futhi ewusizo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uThikhon wadlala indima ye-jester futhi ngokuzithandela wanqotshwa kulesi sikhundla. Ekuziphatheni kwakhe nasekubukeni kwakhe, umlobi wagcizelela izici zesiphambeko esingcwele. I-Shcherbatogo yayinobuso, ibomvu nesibhokotshe, ngamehlo amancane amancane.

Isimo sikaThikhon ngokubulawa kweFrance

I-Tikhon uyindoda enomkhuhlane, ongenamusa. Ulalela, abulale amaFulentshi, kuphela umonakalo wokuqothulwa kwesitha, futhi uyabathinta ngokusobala njengezinto ezingapheli. I-Tikhon ifana nesilwane sakhe sokudla esinonya. Umbhali akawuqhathanisi ngengozi ngempisi: I-Scherbaty yayisebenzisa imbazo njengempisi ngamazinyo akhe.

Isithombe sikaPlato Karataev

Omunye wemifanekiso esemqoka yomsebenzi isithombe sikaPlato Karataev. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvezweni kwesihloko esithi: "Abantu abakuloveli" Impi Nokuthula. "Akunakwenzeka ukubhala isingeniso ngale ndaba ngaphandle kokubalula lo mlingisi.Lesi sizwe esasivikelekile endleleni ejwayelekile yokuphila futhi sibekwa ezimweni ezintsha (ukuthunjwa kweFrance, ibutho) , Lapho ingokomoya lakhe libonakala khona ngokucacile: i hero liphila ngokuvumelana nalo lonke izwe, usebenzelana ngothando nabantu bonke.Platon ngokujulile uzizwa ngokuphila, ngqo futhi ebonakala ngokucacile abantu.Komfanekiso kaTolstoy Karataev - isibonelo somuntu "wemvelo" ovela kubantu Kodwa, ukubonakaliswa kwezimiso zabantu, ngezindlela eziningi eziyingqayizivele.

Le hero, ebonisa abantu baseRashiya encwadini ethi "Impi Nokuthula", iboniswa emsebenzini ikakhulukazi ngokubona kwakhe uBekhokhov. UPierre uphawula ukuthi ukuba khona kwaleli ndoda emakolishi kwakwenza umuzwa wokuba nobuzwe obukhulu kweziboshwa. U-Bezukhova wayenesithakazelo ukuthi uPlato wasithatha kanjani izicathulo zakhe wahlela ekhoneni lakhe, ngoba into ethi "nxazonke", "epholile" futhi "ejabulisayo" yayizwakala ngisho nalokhu.

U-Karateev wayebukeka esemncane kakhulu, nakuba wayeneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala. Wabonakala enempilo futhi enamandla ngokomzimba. Ngokuyinhloko, inkulumo ethi "intsha" ebusweni bukaPlato , eyayinesimo "sobusha" nokuthi "ubumsulwa," yaphonswa emehlweni. U-Karataev uhlale enza okuthile okungenzeka ukuthi wangena kulo mkhuba womlingisi. Lapho ethathwa, akazange abe nomuzwa wokuthi ukugula nokukhathala kwakunjani, wazizwa enqoleni njengasekhaya.

Ukubuya kwe-Karataev ukuya empilweni ehlelekile ezimweni ezingavamile

Ngaphandle kwezimo evamile, ngaphandle kwezinto zonke ezazicindezela kuye, uKarataev ngokwemvelo futhi engabuyiselanga ukubuyela endleleni yokuphila ye-serf. Wabeka eceleni bonke abafokazi ababevela ngaphandle ngebutho. KuPlato, omelela abantu enkulumweni kaTolstoy ethi "Impi Nokuthula," impilo yokuphila ikhangayo ngokukhethekile: izinkumbulo ezithandekayo, kanye nemibono mayelana nezinzuzo, zihambisana nayo. Ngakho-ke, wakhuluma ikakhulukazi ngezenzakalo zendlela "yobuKristu" yokuphila, njengoba ebizwa ngokuthi.

UPlato wafa ngokwemvelo, ezwa uthando futhi "ukuthokoza okuthula" ngaphambi kwemfihlakalo yokufa. Akayitholanga njengefulawa noma isijeziso, ngakho kwakungabikho ukuhlupheka ebusweni bakhe: kwakhanyiswa ngukuthi "ukuthula okuthulile."

Isithombe sikaPlato Karataev ngumfanekiso wabantu abalungile abahlala ngaphandle kwabantu kanye nezwe lonke ngokuvumelana, bememezela ukubonakaliswa kokuphila, kodwa wakwazi ukuvusa u-Pierre Bezukhov, owangena empilweni engokomoya. KuPetru, wahlala kuze kube phakade ukufaniswa "kokulula neqiniso."

"Ukucabanga kwabantu" kuleveli

"Ukucabanga kwabantu" ngumqondo oyinhloko womsebenzi othi "Impi Nokuthula". ULev Nikolaevich wayazi ukuthi ukuphila okulula kwabantu baseRussia abanezintshisekelo "zabo zangasese", izifiso, injabulo, kuqhubeka kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bahlangana no-Alexander Napoleon, izinhlelo zikahulumeni zikaSperansky noma umdlalo wezokuxhumana. Yilabo kuphela imicimbi yomlando eholele abantu ukuba bahambisane nezimpikiswano zezwe, bayakwazi ukuguqula, behlale benomusa, ngisho nangokwemvelo, umuntu ngamunye. Ukuthanda izwe (in the novel "Impi Nokuthula" Tolstoy futhi uchaza imizwa yakhe yokuthanda izwe) kwaholela ekunqobeni amaRussia phezu French.