Umkhuba: incazelo, umqondo, incazelo

"Inhlekelele yesikhathi esidala sezulu, izindaba zezinsuku ezidlule ..." Le migqa kusukela ebuntwaneni kakhulu yizwa, niyabo, funda wonke umuntu okhuluma isiRussia. Ngakho waqala umsebenzi wakhe "uRuslan noLyudmila" u-Alexander Pushkin. Ingabe inganekwane yezinganekwane zakhe ziyiqiniso ngempela? Ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekile, udinga ukuqonda imibono.

Izinkondlo yizinkondlo, indaba yezinganekwane, kodwa igama elithi "isiko" lisho ukuthini? Incazelo kanye nezici ezikhethekile zalesi simo sizocatshangelwa esihlokweni sethu.

Isiko njengenhlobo

Sizoqala ukujwayelana nezwe lamasiko womuntu nencazelo yomqondo ngokwawo. Ngakho, imithombo ehlukile isinika lokhu okulandelayo.

Umkhuba uyinhlobo yama- folklore yama- prosaic , okuyiwona amaqiniso angokomlando ekuchazeni okuthandwayo. Amasiko abantu ahlangene nohlobo lwezinganekwane, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi izenzakalo zikhumbuza inganekwane noma inganekwane.

Imikhuba yenkolelo yezincwadi ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu ngokusho kohlobo lwesakhiwo: umlando nomuntu ongaziwa.

Amasiko - yingxenye yomlando we-prose yomlomo

Sifunde ukuthi umlando uwuphi. Incazelo yanikeza umqondo jikelele. Ake sikhulume ngesici esisodwa sale hlobo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinganekwane zihlobo lwezobuciko bomlomo womlomo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izindaba ezamuzwa namuhla zakhiwe emakhulwini eminyaka adlule futhi zadlula emlonyeni kuya emlonyeni. Ngesikhathi i-legend ibhalwa emkhatsini wolwazi, amashumi namakhulu namakhulu okuguqulwa kwesakhiwo, izithombe kungenzeka ukuthi zenzeke.

Ukudalwa kwendlovukazi edumile yesiGreki uHomer "Iliad" ne "Odyssey", enezinga elimangalisayo, laphinde ladluliselwa ngomlomo. Babuye bachaze izenzakalo zomlando, zenziwe futhi zashintshwa ngendlela ethile. Kulokhu kukhona ukufana okunye kwalokhu kudalwa ngezinganekwane ezintsha.

Njengenhlobo ye-prose yomlomo, izindabakwane ziyabonga umlando wayo omude. Ngenhlanhla, futhi mhlawumbe hhayi, esikhathini sethu, ukusatshalaliswa kwabo kwifomu elirekhodiwe kulula kakhulu. Kufanele siwazise wonke amazwi, isiko, okunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ngokomoya mayelana nobaba.

Ukuqhathanisa namanye amaculo we-prosaic

Ngezinye izikhathi amasiko angachazwa ngephutha njengenganekwane noma i-bylina. Ukuze sigweme lokhu, masibize njalo: izindaba zezinganekwane zihloswe ekuchazeni umsuka wenkambiso yamasiko noma yemvelo. Bavame ukunikeza ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokuziphatha kwezenzakalo ezichazwe. Isiko ukubuyisela isitayela somlando nombono owaziwayo noma owaziwayo ezindaweni zamaqhawe wendawo.

Kusukela emlandweni wezingqikithi zabantu abahluke ngokuqukethwe, abalingisi (izibalo zomlando: abaphangi, ababusi, abantu abavamile, abadwebi), ukubamba iqhaza kokwaziwa kwangempela endaweni ethile yabantu abaye baba yiziqhawe zezinganekwane.

Imfanelo yalolu hlobo lwama-folklore prose yindaba evela kumuntu wesithathu mayelana nezenzakalo ezihlobene nesikhathi esidlule. Umlandeli wezinganekwane wayengeyena owazibonela ngezenzakalo, kodwa udlulisela indaba ezwa kubantu besithathu.

Izindabakwane zomlando

Imemori yakudala yabantu idala izindabakwane zasendulo ezivela emaqinisweni wangempela, esingayifunda ngokukhanya okuhlukile emabhukwini ezincwadi zomlando. Lokhu kudalwe izinganekwane zomlando.

Izindabakwane zomlando zihlanganisa uJeanne d'Arc, uTar Ivan the Terrible, u-Ataman Mazepa nabanye.

Lokhu kuhlanganisa izindaba zeBhayibheli mayelana nokudala umhlaba, ukuhoxiswa kwama-Israyeli eGibhithe ukufuna izwe labo nabanye abaningi.

Leli qembu lihlanganisa amasiko anjalo athola imibono yabantu mayelana nokudala umhlaba wabo. Wonke amayunithi wezingoma adala izwe elilodwa lomlando nezinganekwane, ebonisa isithombe esiphezulu sombono wabantu ngeqiniso elizungezile.

Isikhathi sesikhathi esihlanganiswe yizinganekwane kunzima ukucacisa: lwazi kusukela esikhathini sangaphambili seBhayibheli kuze kube namuhla.

Amasiko aphezulu

Amasiko okungaziwa ngegama ahlanganisa izindaba ezirekhoda izenzakalo ezaba yisisekelo semvelaphi yegama elithile. Amaqhawe abo, ngokulandelana, abalingiswa basendaweni abadumile kanye nezenzakalo ezidinga kuphela lapho. Ukutadisha izindaba ezinjalo zendawo kungumkhakha othakazelisayo wokucwaninga okungabonakali kanye no-ethnographic.

I-Toponymic yizindaba ezimfushane mayelana neZmiyiv Valakh (kusukela eNyoka), idolobha laseKiev (cishe ngo-Kie, abafowabo nodadewabo), idolobha lase-Orsha (Prince Orsha nendodakazi yakhe i-Orsha), idolobha laseLviv nezinye izinto eziningi ezingabonakali.

Amathemba Abacwaningi

Ezindaweni ngayinye, umuzi ngamunye kukhona izindaba ezincane mayelana nokuthi igama elithile lendawo livela kuphi. Amaqoqo ezinkolelo ezinjalo angenziwa njalo. Kukhona insimu yokucwaninga namhlanje. Ngakho-ke, noma ngubani oye wathola izinkondlo futhi wabathola into ethakazelisayo yomsebenzi, kukhona umsebenzi.

Ukushicilela iqoqo lezinganekwane eziqoqwe endaweni ethile kuyithemba langempela. Amagama amasha avela namhlanje, khona ngalesi sikhathi. Futhi ezindaweni ezikude zaseRussia kunezindawo ezinjalo lapho i-folklore ikhula khona. Ngakho-ke, imingcele emisha yomsebenzi we-ethnographic neyendlovu iyavela.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngesikhathi samanje kunezinganekwane eziningi zezokwelapha. Imlando igcinwe kusuka emahoreni wangaphambilini, kusukela ngesikhathi esithile ukulungiswa kwamaqiniso wonke kwenzeka ngokushesha lapho sekuvela.

Amasiko, izinkolelo kanye nesizinda sabo esingokomlando

Isiko, incazelo esivele sinikeze yona, ngezinye izikhathi kuhlotshaniswa nezinganekwane. Ngakho-ke, izindaba mayelana nokuxhaphazwa kweGrisi uHercule, njengoba abacwaningi bakholelwa, bekungenakuvela ngaphandle kwamaqiniso wangempela omlando. Lezo zenzakalo zezingqungquthela namaqhawe, okungenzeka ukuthi umlando wangempela wezehlakalo zikaHercules zanda, kwavela ngesikhathi sokuhamba.

Amanye amaqiniso avela eNcwadini ka-Enoke, lapho okushiwo khona ama-giants, aqinisekiswa. Ngendlela efanayo, izikhumbuzo zokwakha zatholakala ukuthi zingaba yizibonelo zezenzakalo ezaba yisisekelo somlando we- Flood World.

Iziphetho

Ngakho-ke, sifunde ukuthi isiko sithembekile, ngomlomo, nendaba yabantu ngezenzakalo zomlando. Esikhathini sokudluliselwa, abathwali bavame ukugcizelela lesi siko. Incazelo kanye nezici zalolu hlobo lwezinhlamvu manje sesaziwa. Singawahlukanisa kalula emacineni nasezinganekwane.

Amasiko asendulo ayingxenye yezindinganiso ezijulile zesiko nomlando wabantu abathile. Ukuzifunda nokuziqhathanisa namaqiniso omlando wezizwe ezihlukene, umuntu angathola iziphetho mayelana nombono wabantu ababephila ngaleso sikhathi. Inani lokuphindaphinda nge-ethnology nalo liphakeme kakhulu.

Izinkondlo zezinkolo, zomlando nezingaziwa, wonke umuntu wezwa, kepha akakwazanga ukulalela leli dayimani, anqume phakathi neminyaka yokudlulisa emlonyeni kuya emlonyeni. Manje singakwazisa lokho esikwaziyo nalokho esikuzwayo mayelana nomhlaba wezamasiko ezungezile. Vumela isihloko sethu sibe usizo kuwe futhi unike ithuba lokubheka ubuciko babantu abavela ngaphesheya.