Kuyini ama-carols? Ama-carols amasiko

Amaphutha ahamba phambili-by, ukuphatha mahhala, izingoma, ukudansa kanye nemincintiswano ... Lezi yizingoma zomculo-ama-carols: amavesi omuntu ahlalwa emaholide amahle.

Emhlabeni wonke udumisa uKolyada

AmaCarols asakazwa kabanzi phakathi kwabantu baseBelarus nabase-Ukraine. ERussia, imikhosi yamaKhisimusi engokwesiko ayijwayelekile, futhi uma ikhona, ke - "amagilebhisi". Lezi zingoma ezihloniphekile, ezinama-choruses endabuko "amagilebhisi, imayini eluhlaza obomvu."
Izingoma zesiRashi ziphoqelelwa ngaphandle kwesiko laseRussia ngethonya elinamandla lesonto. Nokho, empumalanga yeYurophu, lezi zithethe zitholakala eRomania, naseCzech Republic, naseSerbia, nase-Albania. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi isiko sinezimpande zesiSlavic.

Namuhla, aba-ethnohistorians bathi izingoma zemikhosi zemikhosi zibuyela emasikweni esonto laseGrisi-Roma. Lapho iholide lonyaka omusha libizwa ngeCalende. Leli yizwi elifunwa, elidluliselwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
E-Romania - colinda, eCzech Republic naseSlovakia - koleda, eSlovenia - kolednica, eSerbia - kolenda nase-Albania - kolande. EFrance, ukubiza okuhlukile kwegama: kukhona futhi ama-tsalenda, amachashazi, amashadi, ku-Provence, amakhalenda abizwa. Ama-Ukrainians, amaRussia namaBelarusiya abiza leli holide ukuthi lifanayo - "kolyada."

Amasiko wokugcoba

Ngaphezu kwegama, isakhiwo sokugubha solstice kufana nemikhuba yabo. I-folklorists yembula emaceleni hhayi kuphela ukukhulekela kukaKristu, kodwa futhi izakhi zasendulo zobuqaba ezivela kumlingo wezolimo. Ngakho-ke, naphezu kokuthi uKolyada ugubha ngosuku lokuzalwa kukaKristu, ekuqaleni kunencazelo ehlukile. Lona usuku lokuphenduka kwelanga kusukela ebusika kuya ehlobo. Ubusuku obunye obulandelayo buzoba bufushane, futhi usuku luzobe lude.

Kodwa-ke, ngomlando omude wokuba khona kwawo, kokubili amaSolvonic carols namaholide alawo amanye amasiko ashintshile waba ingxube eyinqaba. Sekuvele kunzima ukuhlukanisa inkolo nezinkolelo ezidumile.

Umlingo wezolimo, isibonelo, uhlabelela isisu, isivuno, ukuzala. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokukhulekela umshado ojabulisayo nengcebo yomndeni. Ama-carol folk carols abanjalo kuze kube yilapho isonto liqala ukucindezela lezo zimiso. Ngalokhu, indlela yokuvimbela ngokuqondile nokuncintisana ngendlela yemikhosi yabo kanye namasiko amasha asetshenzisiwe. Ngakho-ke, isonto laqala ukuhumusha imikhosi ngendlela entsha futhi ichaza ngendlela ehlukile ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziphilayo.

I-carol carles esikhundleni sezolimo

Ekuqaleni, i-Kolyada iholide yosuku olulodwa nobusuku obunye. Yisonto elenza isinqumo sokwandisa ikhalenda yesiko kusukela ngoDisemba 25 kuya kuJanuwari 6. Kwenzeka ekhulwini le-6 AD. Lokhu kwavumela ukwethulwa kwemikhuba emisha nemikhosi emisha, ngaleyo ndlela yonakalisa imingcele phakathi kwesiko samaqaba nobukholo obusha.

Imikhosi yonyaka omusha, izingoma kanye nama-carols-amavesi aqondiswe ekuvotheni isivuno, ngokuqhubekayo waqala ukwenziwa ngamaholide kaKhisimusi kanye nobusuku be-Epiphany. Isikhathi sonke kusukela ngoKhisimusi kuya ekubhapathizweni kuyigubha lomkhosi, imingcele ehlanganisiwe phakathi kwamahlelo ahlukene. Mayelana nalokhu, isibonelo, i-Ukrainian "shedrivki" kanye nama-carols kaKhisimusi alahlekelwa ukuhlukana kwabo ekwakhiweni.

Amavesi amabili emigqa emihlanu yenzelwa iKolyada, nama-quatrains amabili okubhapathizwa. Kulandela ukuthi kwakuyisonto elithonya isiko lamazwe ahlukene, njengoba seliphelile. Ngaphandle kwesihloko esisodwa seKhisimusi, ngaphambilini kwakukhona izingoma zansuku zonke, imilolotelo yokunakekela izingane kanye nezicelo zoNyaka Omusha. Kodwa isonto lihlose ukufaka yonke le mibhalo esikhundleni samahubo esonto. Uphumelele emazweni amaningana, lapho sebevele bengakuqondi ukuthi yini i-carols nokuthi ihluke kanjani kumaculo kaKhisimusi.

I-Gurba

Izingane nezingane ezincane zaphuma ukuhamba. Njengoba isibonakaliso sibonisa ukuthi yonke inkampani ethembekile ithathe ngokwayo umhlobiso. Ngokuvamile kwakuyisenzo ekugcineni lapho inkanyezi yaseBhetelehema yakhanya khona . Kuthiwa uKolyada uvela kwenkanyezi kuze kube semanzini. Ngakho-ke, isixuku, kolyadovschiki sifikile enkantolo futhi sagxuma, ngakho umnikazi wayebanika isibani noma imali.

Abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ngonyaka ozayo kuzoxhomeka endleleni abahlangana ngayo ilanga. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinsuku wonke umuntu wazama ukuhamba futhi ajabule, wayefisa ngobuqotho injabulo nenhlanhla. Ama-carol-amavesi kaKhisimusi afaneleka izifiso ezinjalo kakhulu. Bathi, njengomthetho, bashiye bajabule futhi bafushane.

Lezi zinsuku yonke indlela yokuphila yaphenduka. Ukuphila bekuba yindawo yokudlala, futhi izakhi eziningi zomkhosi zafakwa kulo. Abantu babegqoke imaski, bagqoke izingubo zezilwane, baphenduke ngaphakathi izingubo futhi bahlobisa indawo yokuhlala.
Izisekelo eziningi zinqatshiwe, imiqondo yezindawo ezinhle "ezinhle" nendawo "ezimbi" ezishintshiwe.
Konke okuzungezile emikhosini kwakubilisiwe, imikhosi ephuzile futhi imnandi, lapha nalapha futhi ukwelapha kwasakazwa. Abapristi babenqatshelwe ukuba babe khona kulezo zenzakalo, ngoba kwakuzama ukuphonsa phansi kwalasha kwezinto eziphilayo futhi bahlaziye umyalo wabo.

The main motifs of carols

Amavesi aseSlavonic amasiko afundiswa yi-AA Potebnya no-AN Veselovsky. Bathole uxhumano phakathi kwama-Balkan amaculo nama-carols ase-Ukraine.

Ngaphandle kwezindaba zeKhisimusi, ezondliwe ngemibhalo yesonto, amavesi omuntu abulela umnikazi womndeni, aphakamise indlu yakhe, amalungu omndeni. Njengemikhosi yaseShrovetide, izithombe zenziwa nge-shchedrivka, okusho ukuthi ingcebo, udoti nokuchuma emshadweni.

Amagama nezinkondlo zinomqondo wemilingo lapha, njengamanye amasiko wendabuko, njengezinhlanhla nokuqamba. Ukubaluleka okukhulu kwanikezwa ukunakekelwa kwezilwane, imisebenzi yasekhaya kanye nemvelo yendawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphila kwangempela kwakuvame ukuguqulwa, kugcwaliswe umnotho oyifunayo namasu okulumba:

"Umnikazi wethu ucebile
Uphonsa imali ngefosholo. "

Ngakho-ke, endleleni yokuphila yabalimi, indlela yezinga eliphezulu lezenhlalakahle zomphakathi: ama-boyars, abathengisi nezikhulu bekungabonakali. Izithombe nazo zathinta impilo ye-muzhik nezinye izici zenhlalo. Isibonelo, umshado okhulisayo uletha amasiko amaningi e-boyar, futhi wathatha amagama amashadi womshado.

Abalimi bezinqola baphinde babonise uhlelo lwezempi, olusondelene kakhulu neqembu lama-princely and combat. Kungenakwenzeka ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziphilayo, ngaphandle kolwazi lwezinganekwane kanye nezinganekwane.

Amazwi omlingo

Izinganekwane ngendlela yokwakha ingoma, okwathi ngemva kwalokho zathintana nezindaba ezingekho e-Apocrypha zokuphila kukaKristu-lokhu kungukudla okwapha amavesi angokwesiko. Izindabakwane zeBhayibheli ziboshwe ekuzileni. Ngakho-ke, uSt. Peter usebenzela umlimi, futhi iNkosi iqhuba izinkabi. Njengama-carols, kwakhiwa izinyathelo, lapho onkulunkulu nabangcwele besondelene khona, beqinisa imilingo yesiko.

"Ngikunike, Nkosi,
Emkhakheni wemvelo,
Esibuyeni sitholile. "

Kolyada emngceleni

Kwezinye izingoma ezingcwele abangcwele bafika endlini yenkosi, futhi lokhu kuletha inhlalakahle endlini. Incazelo efanayo kwezinye izingoma inikeza izithombe zemvelo zenyanga, ilanga, imvula noma ubusuku, okufanekisela imiphumela ehlukile.

Ngakho, isibonelo, i-Sun ingangena ingxabano neMvula. Uma abalimi befuna isidingo sokugcina, khona-ke ukunqoba kwahlala kuye. Kwesinye isikhathi, ilanga lizobe lifanekisela injabulo enkosini futhi lizophakama ngaphezu kwakho konke, likhanyise ukuhlelwa kwesonto.

Le nyanga ibonisa ukucaciswa kwesimo, ukuletha ulwazi. Njengoba izophuma ebusuku obumnyama, umhlaba wonke uzokhanya.

"Ngizokhipha ubumnyama ezindaweni ezimnyama," ngihlabelele inyanga ecacile.

Amafomu ezincwadi zamaKhisimusi

Ngefomu, izingoma zomculo zingaba yizintandokazi, ama-epic, nezintandokazi, amavesi angokomoya, nezinhlelo zomsindo, kanye ne-lyric, nomshado, nezingoma zomculo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zivame ukuvota noma ukusongela ifomu yamahlaya:

"Unganiki umphayi -
Siyaxosha izimpondo.
Unganiki isisu -
Singumkhumbi wethempeli.
Unganiki ukukhanya -
Singumnikazi wokukhahlela. "

Ikhalenda kanye nama-carols amasiko

Ekupheleni ebusika, washisa umzimba nomphefumulo kaMaslenitsa. I-Carols isakazeka kulo lonke ikhalenda lezolimo. Lesi yisikhathi lapho abantu bebuthana khona ukuze baphumule ebhokisini nasemakhazeni, ukuze bavuse ukuguqulwa kwentwasahlobo.

I-Maslenitsa yiholide yamaqaba yamaqaba, okuyinto, njengengcambu, egcwele yonke umlando wamaSlav. Wabonisa ukuzalwa kabusha kokuphila, futhi ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesonto umkhosi wawugubha ngokujwayelekile ngosuku lwe-equinox.

Isonto lenze leli holide livumelekile, futhi lingakwazi ukuliqeda, kodwa lihlanekezela incazelo yalo.

Esikhalendeni se-Orthodox kwakukhona "Izihlalo Zobusika", izikhala ezingama-40 kanye neSonto Lokuthethelela. Ama-monks kuphela ayezila ukudla ekuqaleni, ngaphambi kokuba adle ukudla okunomsoco isonto lonke. Ukuzila ukudla kwakuyisivivinyo sezindlala izinsuku ezingama-40, futhi ngaphambi kokuqala, bonke abafundisi bebandla babuthana ndawonye futhi baxolelana.

Ngesikhathi se-Shrovetide endleleni yokuphila yezilwane, kwakungokwesiko ukubamba abashadisi kanye no-woo. Ngokuvamile bevakashele, balungiselela abantu ukuthi babone futhi bazibonise bona.
Izinsuku ezintathu zokuqala kuthiwa yiShrove Carnival, owesine uqala eShirokaya.
Kusukela ngalolu suku, imikhosi yabantu iqala, zonke izindaba zezomnotho ziphela.

Abantu baqala ukufihla ama-campfires nokudansa. Lolu suku lwabizwa nangokuthi uRazgulay. Ngosuku lwesikhombisa i-effigy yashiswa, futhi lokhu kwakuwukuphela kweShrovetide. I-Shrovetide icindezele u-Avdotyushka, u-Isotyevna, u-Akulina Savvishna. Wahlekwa usulu futhi wagxeka ngazo zonke izindlela. Isonto lonke kunqunywe ukugibela intaba ngesigxobo.

Kuyini i-carols, iyacaca futhi isuka kumlando wezinhlelo zekhalenda womjikelezo kaZiqu-zintathu. Isibonelo, uLel kusukela ekudlaleni kuka A. N. Ostrovsky uhlabelela izinqola zikaZiqu-zintathu "Ifu lihlele ngokuduma".

Ama-carols ase-spring - vesnyanki - aqhafaza kusukela ku-hillocks nophahla. Ngakho abantu bahlukana nobusika base bebiza ihlobo. Emsebenzini kaKorney Chukovsky, imigqa mayelana noMukha-tsokotuhu inendlela efanayo.

Ukuhlambalaza, ama-dummies,
Yilethe emshini!
Khona amadada,
Phuma emipayipi,
Izinkukhu -
Emadwaleni!

Ama-Carols ahlobene nomjikelezo wemvelo, ezolimo ezizayo. Izingoma zomculo ziyiziphonso zonkulunkulu. Abantu badlulisela emandleni kaMama Womhlaba, amandla e-Sun, Water, Rain.

Abalimi babefuna inzalo yemfuyo, impilo ekhululekile, isivuno. Ukunganaki imikhuba ehloselwe ukuthukuthela. Umsindo womsindo ngawo wonke imithetho waba yisibopho.

Umnikazi wezimoto zikaKhisimusi

Lezi zinkolelo zazingena ekulimeni kokuqala, ekuvuneni, ukuvuna izinhlamvu zezinyosi.
Unyaka nonyaka, ngokuhambisana nekhalenda lomsebenzi ovulekile, abalimi benza lezi zithethe zamasiko. Ngakho-ke, konke kulula ekubulaweni, kulula ukukhumbula ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo sezinkondlo.

Kolyada kubo - umlingisi ohambahamba egcekeni futhi efuna inkosi yakhe. Noma ubani olawula i-Kolyada, uzoba nezinto ezinhle nenhlanhla kuye. I-Christmas carols izidalwa okumelwe zihlaziywe ngezingoma, zicele usizo, noma zibize ezihlakalweni ze-akhawunti.