Jules Verne: biography, ubuciko

UJules Verne, ongu-biography oyithandayo izingane nabantu abadala, ungumlobi ongumFulentshi obhekwa njengezincwadi ezindala. Imisebenzi yakhe yaba negalelo ekwakheni isayensi yezinganekwane, futhi yaba yisikhuthazo ekuhloleni okusebenzayo kwendawo yonke. Yiphi uhlobo lokuphila uJules Verne ahlala kuyo? I-biography yakhe ibhalwe yimpumelelo eminingi nezinkinga.

Imvelaphi yomlobi

Iminyaka yokuphila kweqhawe yethu yi-1828-1905. Wazalwa ebhange laseLouire, edolobheni laseNantes, eliseduze nomlomo wakhe. Isithombe ngezansi isithombe salo muzi, okubhekisela esikhathini sokuphila komlobi wesithakazelo kithi.

Ngo-Ephreli 8, 1828 kwavela uJules Verne. I-biography yakhe ngeke isiphelele uma singakhulumi ngabazali bakhe. UJules wazalelwa emndenini wommeli uPeter Verne. Lo muntu ube nehhovisi lakhe futhi wayefuna indodana yakhe endala ukuba ilandele ezinyathelweni zakhe, okuqondakalayo. Unina womlobi wesikhathi esizayo, e-girlhood u-Allotte de la Fuy, wayevela emndenini wasendulo wabanini bomkhumbi baseNantes nabanikazi bemikhumbi.

Ubuntwana

Kusukela esemncane kukhishwe isifundo somlobi onjalo njengoJules Verne, i-biography emfushane. Kwabantwana abaneminyaka engama-6 kwakunezinketho ezimbalwa zokufunda okuhleliwe. Ngakho-ke, uJules Verne waya kumakhelwane wakhe ukuthola izifundo. Kwakungumfelokazi wenduna eyodwa yokudoba. Lapho umfana eneminyaka engu-8 ubudala, wangena e-seminary yaseStan Stanislav. Emva kwalokho, uJules Verne waqhubekela phambili izifundo zakhe eLyceum, lapho athola imfundo yezemfundo. Wafunda izilimi zesiLatini nesiGreki, i-geography, i-rhetoric, futhi wafunda ukucula.

Indlela uJules Verne ahlolisisa ngayo ubugebengu (i-brief biography)

Ibanga lesine lesikoleni yisikhathi lapho siqala ukujwayele umsebenzi walo mlobi. Ukuze ufunde ngezikhathi ezithile ngalesi sikhathi, inkulumo yakhe ethi "Uyishumi nesishiyagalolunye" inconywa. Kodwa-ke, i-biography kaJules Verne esikoleni, uma idlula, ingenasisekelo. Ngakho-ke, sanquma ukutshela ngokuningiliziwe ngaye, ikakhulu, ngokuthi umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wafunda kanjani umthetho.

I-bachelor degree yafunyanwa ngo-1846 nguJules Verne. I-biography yeminyaka yakhe encane ibonakala ukuthi kwakudingeka iphikise njalo imizamo kayise yokwenza ummeli. Ngaphansi kokucindezela kwakhe okukhulu, uJules Verne waphoqeleka ukuba atadishe amacala omthetho edolobheni lakubo. Ngo-Ephreli 1847, iqhawe lethu lanquma ukuya eParis. Lapha wadlula izivivinyo ezidingekayo ngonyaka wokuqala wokuqeqesha, wabe esebuyela eNantes.

Imidlalo yokuqala, ukuqhubeka kokuqeqeshwa

UJules Verne wakhanga kakhulu indawo yaseshashalazini, lapho ebhala khona imidlalweni emibili - "icebo lePowder" no "Alexander VI". Bethulwa embuthaneni omncane wabangane. UVerne wayazi kahle ukuthi i-theatre yiParis ikakhulukazi. Ulawula, nakuba kungenandaba nobunzima, ukuthola imvume evela kuyise ukuba aye enhloko-dolobha ukuze aqhubeke nezifundo zakhe. Lesi senzakalo esijabulisayo seVerna senziwa ngoNovemba 1848.

Izikhathi ezinzima zikaJules Verne

Kodwa-ke, ubunzima obukhulu babephambi komlobi onjalo njengoJules Verne. I-biography emfushane yakhe ibonakaliswa ukuphikelela okukhulu kuboniswa ukushayisana nabo. Ubaba wavumela indodana yakhe ukuba iqhubeke nemfundo yakhe kuphela emkhakheni wezomthetho. Ngemva kokuphothula eSikoleni Senkantolo eParis futhi ethola idiploma, uJules Verne akazange abuyele eqenjini likayise. Ukumkhohlisa ngokweqile kwakungumsebenzi wokusebenza emkhakheni wezemidlalo nezincwadi. Wanquma ukuhlala eParis futhi ngenkuthalo enkulu ehlelwe ukusebenza endleleni ayeyikhethile. Ukuphikelela akuzange kuphule ngisho nokuba khona kwesigamu esilahlwe yindlala okwakufanele kuholwe, ngoba ubaba wakhe wenqaba ukumsiza. UJules Verne waqala ukwakha i-vaudeville, amahlaya, amahhala ama-opas ahlukahlukene, amadrama, nakuba ayengeke athengiswe.

Ngalesi sikhathi wayehlala nomngani egodini lokudlela. Bobabili babempofu kakhulu. Umlobi waphoqeleka ukuphazanyiswa iminyaka eminingana ngemali engenayo engozini. Ihhovisi lakhe ehhovisi lika-notary alizange lisebenze, njengoba eshiya isikhathi esincane kakhulu semisebenzi yokubhala. Akazange abe ngumabhalane ebhange laseJules Verne. I-biography emfushane ngaye kule nkathi enzima ibhalwe ngokufundisa, okuhlinzeka okungenani izindlela ezithile. UJules Verne ufundise abafundi bezomthetho.

Vakashela kumtapo wolwazi

Iqhawe lethu lalingumlutha wokuvakashela i-National Library. Lapha walalela izingxabano zesayensi nezinkulumo. Wabutha ndawonye abahambi nabafundi. UJules Verne wajwayelana nezwe, ukuhamba, izinkanyezi, ukutholakala kwezesayensi. Wabhala ukwaziswa okuvela ezincwadini ezithandayo, ekuqaleni angacabangi ukuthi bangamdingela yini.

Sebenza enkundleni yezemidlalo, imisebenzi emisha

Ngemva kwesikhashana, okungukuthi ngo-1851, iqhawe lethu lalihlala eLyrical Theatre, eyayisanda kuvulwa. Kulo mhlangano waqala ukusebenza njengomlobi uJules Verne. I-biography, ubuciko kanye namaqiniso athakazelisayo ngaye eminyakeni elandelayo kufanele ifakwe ngokuningiliziwe.

UJules Verne waqala ukubhala emagazini othiwa "Muse de deux". Kulo nyaka, ngo-1851, izindaba zokuqala zikaJules Verne zanyatheliswa kulo magazini. Lezi yizona "imikhumbi yokuqala yemikhumbi yaseMexico", kamuva ebizwa ngokuthi "iDrama eMexico"; Futhi futhi "Uhambo Ngolwandle" (elinye igama lomsebenzi "i-Drama emoyeni").

Ukukwazi no-A. Dumas no-V. Hugo, Umshado

UJules Verne, ngenkathi engumlobi obuthakathaka, wahlangana no- Alexander Dumas, owaqala ukumhlonipha; Kanye noVictor Hugo. Kungenzeka ukuthi kwakunguDumas ophakamise ukuthi umngane wakhe agxile esihlokweni sokuhamba. I-Verne yaxoshwa ngesifiso sokuchaza umhlaba wonke - izitshalo, izilwane, imvelo, amasiko kanye nabantu. Wanquma ukuhlanganisa ubuciko nobuciko, futhi uhlanganise nezinhlamvu zakhe ezingakaze zenziwe ngaphambili ngezincwadi zakhe.

I-Verne ngoJanuwari 1857 yashada nomfelokazi ogama lakhe linguHelenin de Vian (igama likaMorel lomama). Ngesikhathi somshado wakhe, le ntombazane yayineminyaka engu-26 ubudala.

Inkaba yokuqala

Ngemva kwesikhashana, uJules Vern wanquma ukuphumula nemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Incwadi yakhe yokuqala enesihloko esithi "Amaviki amahlanu ebhaleni" aqeda ngo-1862, uDumas weluleka ukulungisa lo msebenzi ku-Etzel, umshicileli we-Journal of Education and Entertainment, eyenzelwe isizukulwane esincane. Iveli yakhe yakhe mayelana nokutholakala kwemvelo yendawo yangaphakathi yahlolwa futhi yashicilelwa ekuqaleni konyaka ozayo. U-Etzel waphetha inkontileka yesikhathi eside nomuntu ophumelelayo-uJules Verne kwakuzokwenza imiqulu emibili ngonyaka.

Amanoveli kaJules Verne

Njengokwenza isikhathi esilahlekile, umlobi uqala ukudala imisebenzi eminingi, ngayinye yayo eyinhloko yobuciko. Ngo-1864, "Uhambo oluya esikhungweni seMhlaba" luvela, ngonyaka ozayo - "Ukusuka Emhlabeni Kuya KuMyanga" no "Uhambo LwaseKaputeni Hatteras", futhi ngo-1870 - "Emhlabeni Wenyanga". Kulo misebenzi, uJules Verne wahilela izinkinga ezine eziyinhloko ngaleso sikhathi ezazisetshenziswa umhlaba owaziwayo: ukunqoba kwe-pole, ukulawula i-aeronautics, izindiza ezingaphezu kwamandla omhlaba nemigqa ye-underworld.

"Izingane zeCaptain Grant" - intsha yesihlanu kaVern, eyavela ngo-1868. Ngemva kokushicilelwa kwakhe, umlobi wanquma ukuhlanganisa zonke izincwadi ezibhaliwe nezikhulelwe zibe uchungechunge olulodwa, okwakuthiwa "Ukuhamba Okungejwayelekile". Futhi inkulumo ethi Verna "Izingane Zomphathi KaKhansela" umbhali wanquma ukwenza incwadi yokuqala ye- trilogy. Kuhlanganisa, ngaphandle kwakhe, okulandelayo kusebenza: 1870 "Izinkulungwane Ezingamashumi Amabili Ezingaphansi Kogu lolwandle" futhi wadala ngo-1875 "Isiqhingi Esingaqondakali". Ama-pathos amaqhawe ahlanganisa le trilogy. Ababona nje abahambi, kodwa futhi balwa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokungabi nabulungisa, ukoloniyali, ukucwasa ubuhlanga, ukuhweba ngezigqila. Ukubukeka kwayo yonke le misebenzi kwamlethela udumo lomhlaba. Abaningi baba nesithakazelo kwi-biography kaJules Verne. NgesiRashiya, isiJalimane nezinye izilimi eziningi, izincwadi zakhe zaqala ukuvela ngemva kwesikhashana.

Ukuphila e-Amiens

UJules Verne washiya eParis ngo-1872 futhi engasabuyeli lapho. Wathuthela e-Amiens, edolobhaneni elincane lesifundazwe. I-biography yonke kaJules Verne kusukela manje kufika egameni elithi "umsebenzi".

Kubhalwe ngo-1872, inoveli yalomlobi "Emhlabeni wonke ngezinsuku ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili" yabangela impumelelo engavamile. Ngo-1878, washicilela incwadi ethi "induna eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala" lapho ephikisa khona ukucwaswa ngokohlanga. Lo msebenzi uzuze ukuthandwa kakhulu kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Enkulumweni yakhe elandelayo, elandisa mayelana nempi yombango eMelika ngawo-1960, waqhubeka nalesi sihloko. Le ncwadi ibizwa ngokuthi "eNyakatho neNingizimu". Yanyatheliswa ngo-1887.

Ngokuphelele, uJules Verne wadala amanoveli angu-66, kufaka phakathi engapheli, eshicilelwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipeni lakhe liqukethe izindaba ezingaphezu kuka-20 kanye namanoveli, ezingaphezu kuka-30 okudlala, kanye nemisebenzi eminingi yesayensi neyomqulu.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila

UJules Verne, Mashi 9, 1886, walimala ekhanda likaGaston Verne, umshana wakhe. Wamdubula e-revolver. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uGaston Vern wayegula ngengqondo. Ngemuva kwalesi sigameko, umlobi kufanele akhohlwe ngokuhamba kahle.

Ngo-1892, i-hero yethu yathola umklomelo ofanelwe kahle - i-Order of the Legion of Honor. UJules ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe waphuphuthekisa, kodwa waqhubeka nokudala imisebenzi, ebayala. Ngo-Mashi 24, 1905, uJules Verne wafa ngesifo sikashukela. I-biography yezingane kanye nabantu abadala abakwethulwe kule ngqungquthela, sithemba, kukubangele isithakazelo emsebenzini wakhe.