"Poltava": isifinyeto esifushane somlobi womlando wePushkin

Lo msebenzi wabhalwa ngu-A. Pushkin ngo-1828. Ukusebenza kuwo, imbongi eyabhekiswa kokubili emithonjeni yemlando esemthethweni, nasezintabeni, ezihlakalweni zomculo nezingoma. Umbhali akazange nje anikeze inkondlo igama elithi "Poltava". I-Pushkin (incazelo emfushane yezizathu zokubhala lo msebenzi ingatholakala kwezinye izifundo zezinto eziphilayo) Ngangifuna ukukutshela ngomcimbi onjalo ongaqondakali njenge-Battle of Poltava. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Poltava yaba umkhiqizo omusha.

A. Pushkin, Poltava: isifinyeto

Ngaphakathi komsebenzi owodwa uPushkin wahlanganiswa izingqikithi eziningi zomuntu nezombusazwe ezazijabulisa abantu benkathi yakhe. Isenzo senkondlo senzeka emzini wase-Ukraine wasePoltava. Isifinyeto sibhekisela kubafundi ezenzakalweni ze-1709. Ngalezo zinsuku kwakukhona impi phakathi kweRussia neSweden. Kodwa inkondlo ayifuni kwezombusazwe, kodwa ngedrama yomuntu siqu ka- Ivan Mazepa. I-hetman yase-Ukraine ithumela abakwa-matchmakers kuMary, indodakazi enhle neyaziqhenya uColonel Kochubei. Kodwa abazali balo ntombazane bacasulwa yizenzo zika-Mazepa, ngoba uMaria ungumzukulu ka-hetman. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhwenyana osolwa ngokuphindwa kabili njengomdala. Naphezu kwemibono yabazali, uMaria ugijima waya e-Mazepa, ngoba sekuyisikhathi eside ethandana naye. Noma kunjalo, uKochubei uhlose ukuphindiselela ku-hetman.

Khona-ke inkondlo ethi "Poltava", okuqukethwe okuncane okulahlekelwa imininingwane ethile, utshela ukuthi abaningi base-Ukraine bafuna ukuthatha uhlangothi lweSweden, beqede "izibopho" neRussia. Ngokushesha i-Mazepa yajoyina leli qembu. Mayelana nezinhlelo ze-hetman ukujoyina iSweden wafunda uKochubei futhi wanquma ukwazisa uPetru ngakho. Leli colonel lithole indoda eyavuma ukuthumela konke kumbusi waseRussia. Lo wesilisa ogama lakhe linguPoltava Cossack, owathandwa yindodakazi kaKochubei, kodwa walahlwa nguye.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile izikhulu zaseRussia zithumela i-hetman isijeziso kuye, ebhalwe emzini wasePoltava. Ukucaphuna okuphawula ukuthi uPetru wayengakholelwa ukujeziswa ekuqaleni. I-Mazepa, yona, idinga ukukhishwa kwababhali. Inkondlo ethi "Poltava", isifinyeto sayo esingakwazi ukuhambisa ulimi lomlobi olungenakuqhathaniswa, sitshela ukuthi uKochubey usejele. Uyesaba ngenxa yamahloni futhi iqiniso lokuthi inkosi ayimkholwanga. Emgodini weKochubey ufika u-Orlik, enethemba lokufunda ngemicebo efihliwe ngu-colonel. UKochubei akacabangi ngisho nokukhuluma ngalokhu futhi ngokushesha uzithola ezandleni zombulali.

U-Mazepa akasho lutho kuMariya wakhe othandekayo mayelana nokubulawa kukayise. Le ndodakazi uKochubei ifundela kunina, ocela uMariya ukuba acele isihe. Kodwa lapho abesifazane beya endaweni yokubulawa, uKochubei usufile kakade. Okulandelayo, iPushkin ichaza ukuhlukumeza kwe -Battle of Poltava. Phakathi nempi, Mazepa noKarl babona ukuthi amandla abo akwanele. I-Orlik inikeza ngisho ne-hetman ukuthi ibuyele kuPetru. Kodwa i-Mazepa ayifuni ukwenza lokhu, ngoba uyamzonda amaTsar aseRussia namaphupho okuphindisela ekuhlazisweni kwakhe. Noma kunjalo, uKarl no-Mazeppa banqotshwa. Baphoqeleka ukubaleka. Ekupheleni kwenkondlo, i-Mazepa ihlangana noMaria ophazamiseka. U-Hetman ucindezelekile, kodwa uhamba emgwaqeni.

Naphezu kwengqondo yenkondlo echazwe, ichaza i-Mazepa esikhundleni se-one-sidedly. Okokuqala, ubonakala engxenyeni ethi "i-villain". Noma kunjalo, uPushkin wakwazi ukudala isithombe esicacile nesikhumbukako.