"Usuku olulodwa luka-Ivan Denisovich": isifinyeto esifushane. "Usuku olulodwa luka-Ivan Denisovich", uSolzhenitsyn

Kwakukhona emisebenzini emlandweni wezincwadi zeSoviet ezazishicilelwa ezinhlokweni eziningi, futhi ngokungazelelwe zaba yinto embi. Ekuthomeni baboshwa emitatsheni, bese bezingela amakhophi asevele ephrintiwe. Khona-ke kwaba yingozi yokuthola ikhophi yokubhala (kwakungekho ndlela yokuphindaphinda okulula njenge-Xeroxes, futhi ukulawulwa okuqinile kwafakwa kuma-enterprises ayekhona). Ekugcineni, ngisho nalabo abaye bafunda indaba noma indaba kanye, babesengozi enkulu, ngenxa yamakhono abo omlomo, bazama ukukhuluma ngomlomo okungenani okuqukethwe kwabo okufushane. "Ngolunye usuku u-Ivan Denisovich" ungomunye wemisebenzi enjalo.

Injongo

Ngo-1951, u-Alexander Isaevich wakha umqondo wokudala indaba, emva kokufunda ukuthi izakhamizi zase-USSR zingagweba izimo nemininingwane yokuphila kweziboshwa. KwakuseNyakatho Kazakhstan, lapho i-Nobel laureate eyayizohlala khona ikhonza isikhathi. Kusukela kusihlwa (ukuphakama kwakunqunywa ezinhlanu ekuseni) kuze kube sekukhanyeni, i-protagonist yayihlala igcwele izinkathazo, umsebenzi, ingozi kanye nokulahlekelwa. Lokhu, empeleni, uhlelo lomsebenzi kanye nokuqukethwe okufushane. "Usuku olulodwa luka-Ivan Denisovich" luchaza impilo yansuku zonke yomuntu oyedwa "ebuthweni labasebenzi" elinamakhomitha ayizigidi ezihlanganisa umbuso weSoviet. Yilawa "ama-zeks" adala isabelo esikhulu somkhiqizo omkhulu wezwe lamaSoviet ngokuhambisana nabalimi abangenamandla nabanamahloni, abaphangwa futhi belambile njalo. Iqhawe elikhulu libuye lixoxisane nabalimi abahlangene kule ndaba, bejabule ngokumangala ngesifiso samasosha abuyele empini ukuze agweme isiphetho senceku esibuhlungu futhi athole umsebenzi kunoma iyiphi indawo emzaneni wakubo, mhlawumbe edolobheni. Kodwa-ke, iziboshwa zalezi ziboshwa zazingaphezu kakhudlwana kunezo epulazini elibuthaka kakhulu. Le ndaba yayisemcabangweni womlobi kuphela, wayithumela ephepheni kamuva, eRyazan, lapho i-AI Solzhenitsyn ikhululiwe ngo-1957.

Ukuphambana kosuku

Ngo-1959, i-Soviet Union yayilwa ne-world imperialism, kodwa futhi nezokwehluleka kokuzikhethela, iStalin kanye nezinye "ama-isms" okuvimbela ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo ekubhekaneni nekusasa elikhanyayo. Kwenzeka ukuthi indaba ebhalwe yiziboshwa zangaphambili yayibizwa ngokuthi yizincwadi ngaleso sikhathi, ezichazwe ngamanje, "esimweni" noma "esijwayelekile". Akazange acabange ngomlobi njengendlela yokuzuza udumo noma impumelelo, kodwa kulokhu kwakukhona inhlanhla elula. Inhloko yeqembu kanye nesifundazwe, i- NS Khrushchov, nenkulumo yakhe e-22 Congress of the CPSU, yamboza izipikili zokugcina embozweni wamabhokisi eStalinism (okungenani yilokho ayekukholelwa), ilungiselela ukususwa komzimba womholi wangaphambili waseMausoleum. Ngaleso sikhathi umlobi wazama ukuveza umsebenzi wakhe enkantolo ka-Anna Samoilovna Berzer, umhleli we-prose umagazini we-New World magazine. Waya kumhleli omkhulu uTvardovsky ngombhalo wesandla futhi wamnikeza isifinyezo esifushane endabeni ethi "Ngolunye usuku u-Ivan Denisovich", eshintsha igama lomlobi eRyazan. I-hit on target yabonakala ibingamaphesenti ayikhulu, kodwa ingozi yayingakabikho.

Indlela enzima yombhalo wesandla

Ekuboneni kokuqala, lo msebenzi uhambelane ngokugcwele nomugqa weqembu owamenyezelwa ezinhlanganweni ze-XX, XXI kanye no-XXII, ukulahla "ukudlula". Ngo-1961, kwakungumfashini wokwazisa uStalin, kodwa kwakudingeka ukuba "kugcine ukuhlonipha kuzo zonke izinto ezimbi". U-A. Tvardovsky, yena ngokwakhe, engumfundisi wepeni, wazisa kakhulu izimfanelo zobuciko zendaba futhi wamnika amamaki aphakeme, wabe esenikeza labo abasebenza nabo emsebenzini, wabeka isifingqo sokuqala. "Ngolunye usuku u-Ivan Denisovich" ufunde u-Ehrenburg, uMarshak, uPaustovsky, uFedin noChukovsky, owakhulume nokubonga. Kwakuyindaba encane: ukucela ukuxhaswa komgxeki omkhulu ozobhala phansi - uNicita Sergeevich ngokwakhe. Unobhala wokuqala, ngokuvamile umatasa kakhulu, ngalesi sikhathi wathatha isicelo samalungu e-Union of Writers of the USSR ngokucophelela. Wayengakhathazeki nje ngesifinyeto. "Usuku olulodwa luka-Ivan Denisovich," ukufundwa okuvela emlonyeni kaFadeyev onentshisekelo umholi waseSoviet, kwafundwa, kwaziswa futhi kwavunyelwa.

Impumelelo

Ngakho, inkinga yeshumi nanye (Novemba) ye "Izwe Elisha" ngo-1962 ngombhalo kaSolzhenitsyn wangena. Amamagazini angu-96 900 ahlushwa emashalofini ezitolo zokuthenga kanye nezitolo zeSoyuzpechat. Elandelwa inkinga eyengeziwe yama-25-000, kodwa akazange aqede ukoma kwakhe kubantu abalambile iqiniso elibuhlungu labantu baseSoviet. Isishwankathelo sencwadi ethi One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich sanikezwa emakamelo okubhema nasemakhishini, acashunwe ekuhlekeleni (abambalwa abakholelwa ekuvumelaneni), futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangezwi eligcwele (abalandeli abanesibindi senkululeko yentando yeningi). NgoJanuwari ngonyaka olandelayo, "i-Roman-Gazeta" yaphula umlando wezinhlamvu eziningi futhi yanyatheliswa amakhophi ayizinkulungwane ezingu-700, yanyathelisa indaba efanayo. Abanye abafundi abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu banezelwa kumlobi wokushicilela indlu uSovetskii pisatel, bekhulula ivolumu ehlukile. Ngisho ezweni elifundeka kakhulu emhlabeni (futhi lokhu kwakunjalo), inani eliphelele lamakhophi aphrintiwe angaphezu kwesigidi kwaba yinto engavamile. I-Solzhenitsyn yavunyelwa ku-Writers 'Union ye-USSR.

Izinkinga zokuhumusha

Lo msebenzi waziwa kokubili e-USSR nakwamanye amazwe. Umfundi waseNtshonalanga, ojwayele ukugaya futhi ongathandi ukuzithelela ngemibhalo emide, wayejabule kakhulu ngesifinyeto. "Ngolunye usuku u-Ivan Denisovich" uSolzhenitsyn wabhala ulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, olugcwele imiqondo yekamu kanye nemigomo yemigomo. Indlela yokuchazela umFulentshi ukuthi igama elithi "moron" alisho ngempela "isiwula," kodwa isiboshwa esihlala ngokuphepha endaweni ephansi esiteshini sokudla noma esibhedlela (futhi, isikhungo sezokwelapha ensimini yekamu). Into esemqoka umfundi afunde, ehlala "ngemuva kwegquma", ukuthi amalungelo abantu awahlonishwa e-USSR, kodwa wonke umuntu angafakwa ejele. Futhi, ngokumangalisa, lo mbono olula wawuhambisana nomqondo womlobi womsebenzi.

Isakhiwo

Igama lokusebenza ekuqaleni "Щ-854" - inombolo yenkampu, ebhalwe ngendwangu yendwangu egqoke ibhantshi le-protagonist, ngemuva nangesifuba. Indaba ka-A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Usuku olulodwa luka-Ivan Denisovich" lugcwele imininingwane mayelana nokuphila kweziboshwa, lapho umlobi echaza umjikelezo wezintshisekelo kanye nezifiso zabantu ababa yizigqila zombuso ngokuthanda kwamalungu omzimba onamandla onke. Baphupha ukuphumula okuncane (ngezinye izikhathi imizuzu embalwa nje kuphela okufanele bayenze), bafuna isiphepho senzeke, esizobakhulula esidingo sokuphuma emsebenzini owunzima. Konke okufanayo kuyadingeka ukwakha, kodwa ngemuva. Thola isinkwa esincane noma usebenzise ama-apula amaqabunga amaqhwa - inhlanhla. Kungabe kungakhona kufinyelele isifinyezo esivelele kahle? "Usuku olulodwa luka-Ivan Denisovich" luyindaba eqoshwe emininingwaneni yokuphila evamile umuntu angakwazi ukuyiqonda ngisho nangomcabango othuthukisiwe kakhulu, uma engakaze abe nakho okufana nalokhu.

Abantu

Kodwa nokho kunezindaba ezindabeni ezilandelwayo. Le biography of abalingiswa, abantu of fates ezahlukene kanye nezinhlamvu. U-Ivan Denisovich Shukhov walwa, uvela emndenini ohlala ezweni. Konke iphutha lakhe ukuthi wayekuthunjweni. Kukhona namanje i-Baptist Alyoshka, konke kucacile naye. I-cinematographer Caesar wayedubula uhlobo oluthile lwe-movie, hhayi ngendlela eyadingeka ngayo, kodwa akazange aqede umsebenzi. I-Hopchik encane engasentshonalanga ye-Ukraine yasiza abantu bakubo, uBandera, ababeye ehlathini. Isikhulu sezindiza uBundowski esesebenzisana nabantu baseBrithani, wahamba nabo e-Arkhangelsk, kodwa emva kwempi wathola isipho esivela kumngane wakhe waseBrithani, futhi okuningi kunecala. Ngokuvamile, kunabalingiswa abaningi, ngamunye wabo uqobo, futhi uma ubachaza bonke, ngeke uthole isifinyezo. "Usuku olulodwa luka-Ivan Denisovich" lubonisa ingxenye yonke yomphakathi yomphakathi, eyenziwe ngesikhali esibukhali sobulungiswa bukaStalin. Usenza sicabange ngesimo sombono wamaKhomanisi futhi sikhombise ukungcola kwayo. Yingakho ukuthi eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa umsebenzi wawwenqatshelwe.