"Izinsuku eziqalekisiwe" - isifinyeto, ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi kaBunin

Sikunikeza umqondo womsebenzi ka-Ivan Alekseevich Bunin "Izinsuku Eziqalekisiwe" - isifinyeto esifushane sezenzakalo eziyinhloko mayelana nokuthi ubhala yini encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo ngo-1918. Le ncwadi yashicilelwe okokuqala ngo-1926.

UBunin ngo-1918-1920 wabhala lokho akubonayo nokubona kwakhe mayelana nezenzakalo ezenzeka ngaleso sikhathi ezweni lethu, ngesimo samanothi edayari.

Amarekhodi aseMoscow

Ngakho-ke, ngoJanuwari 1, 1918 eMoscow, wabhala ukuthi lo "nyaka oqalekisiwe" usuphelile, kodwa mhlawumbe kukhona "okubi nakakhulu" okuzayo.

Ngomhla kaFebruwari 5 wonyaka ofanayo, uthi bayethumele isitayela esisha, ngakho-ke kufanele kube khona usuku lwe-18.

NgoFebhuwari 6, inothi labhalwa ukuthi emaphephandabeni akhuluma ngama-Germans ahlaselayo, lezi zindela zikhahlela i-icevka, kanye nabadluli-nge-gloat kanye ne-triumph.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, sishiya izinsuku futhi sichaza amanothi aphambili kaBunin emsebenzini "Izinsuku Eziqalekisiwe," okufingqiwe okufingqiwe okubhekwa kithi.

Umlando emotweni ye-tram

Insizwa encane yangena ku-tramcar yathi, i-blushing, ukuthi ayikwazi ukukhokhela ithikithi. Kwakuyi-critic uDerman owabalekela uSimferopol. Ngokusho kwakhe, kukhona "ukuphazamiseka okungaqondakali": abasebenzi kanye namasosha bahamba "ngamadolo egazini", baphelela i-colonel endala emotweni ye-steam.

UBunin ubhala ukuthi, njengoba bethi yonke indawo, akusisona isikhathi sokungahambisani ngokuqondile, ngokungakhethi embukisweni waseRashiya. Kodwa ngeke kube khona ukungakhethi kwangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "ukukhetha" kwethu kubaluleke kakhulu kumlando wezizukulwane esizayo, kusho uBunin ("Izinsuku Eziqalekisiwe"). Ngokufushane okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kwemicabango eyinhloko ka-Ivan Alekseevich kuzochazwa ngezansi.

Ku-tram amasosha amaningi anezikhwama ezinkulu. Basuka eMoscow, besaba ukuthi bazothunyelwa ukuvikela iPetersburg kumaJalimane.

UBunin wahlangana nesosha lomfana e-Povarskaya, ekhanda, ekhukhumezekile futhi ephuzile. Wamshaya nge "snout esifubeni" futhi waphelela u-Ivan Alekseevich, wathi kuye: "Despot, wena son of a bitch!".

Omunye othunyelwe ezindongeni ze-posters, ecasula uLenin noTrotsky ngokuphathelene namaJalimane, ukuthi babethweswa umfumblomelo.

Ukukhuluma naba polisher

Sizoqhubeka nokunikeza isifingqo esifushane sencazelo kaBunin "Izinsuku Eziqalekisiwe". Engxoxweni nabapolisi, ubabuza umbuzo mayelana nokuthi kuzokwenzekani ngokulandela imibono yalesi sizwe. Baphendula ngokuthi bavumela izigebengu ezivela ejele ukuba zigijime, kwakungadingeki ukuba zenze, kodwa kunalokho zifanele zidutshulwa kudala. Ngesikhathi i-tsar yayingenjalo. Futhi manje awuyikuxosha amaBolshevik. Wabulala abantu ... NgamaBolshevik ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu kuphela, futhi abantu abavamile - izigidi, kodwa abakwazi ukwenza lutho. Banike inkululeko kubapolisi, babengeke bathathe bonke ngaphandle kwamafulethi.

UBunin urekhoda ingxoxo, ezwa ngengozi efonini. Kulo, indoda iyabuza ukuthi yenzeni: unommeli ka-Kaledin kanye namaphoyisa angu-15. Impendulo iwukuthi: "Masinyane uphonse."

Futhi ukubonakaliswa, umculo, amaphosta, amabhanela - nawo wonke umuntu uyabiza: "Vuka, abantu abasebenza!". UBunin uphawula ukuthi amazwi abo ayingqayizivele, uterine. Abesifazane banomuso waseMordovia noChuvash, amadoda abe nobugebengu, amanye abe neSakhalin.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthiwa amaRoma abeka izitembu ebusweni babosolwa. Futhi laba bantu akudingeki babeke noma yini, ngoba konke kungabonakala ngaphandle kwabo.

Isihloko sikaLenin

Funda isihloko sikaLenin. Iyingcosana futhi engabalulekile: ke "ukuphuma kwezwe laseRussia", bese kuyi-International.

Okulandelayo kuchaza "Congress of Soviets," inkulumo eyanikezwa uLenin. Ngafunda ngezidumbu ezazimi phansi kolwandle. Lawa agwetshiwe, abulawa ngamaphoyisa. Futhi "I-Musical snuffbox".

Lubyanka Square zonke zikhanya elangeni. Kusukela emasondo kuqhuma udaka odakeni. Abafana, amasosha, ukuxoxisana ne-halva, i-gingerbread, ugwayi ... Izimpumputhe "zokunqoba" phakathi kwabasebenzi.

Isosha ekhishini e-P. lithi inhlalakahle engenakwenzeka manje, kodwa nokho kubalulekile ukusika umbuso wezimbungqwana.

Unyaka ka-1919. I-Odesa

Siyaqhubeka nokuchaza izinsuku ze-Bunin's Day Cursed. Izenzakalo ezilandelayo kanye nemibono yomlobi yenza isifinyezo esifushane.

12 Ephreli. UBunin uthi sekusele cishe amasonto amathathu kusukela ekubhujisweni kwethu. Ichweba elingenalutho, idolobha elifile. Kuphela namuhla kufike incwadi ka-Agasti 10 evela eMoscow. Kodwa-ke, umlobi uthi, i-Russian mail sekuyisikhathi eside iphelile, ngisho nasehlobo le-17, ngesikhathi uNgqongqoshe wezocingo nama-imeyili evele ngendlela yaseYurophu. Kwakukhona "uNgqongqoshe Wezabasebenzi" - futhi yonke iRussia ngokushesha yayeka ukusebenza. Ukufa kwegazi likaSathane, intukuthelo kaKayini yavuthela izwe ngezinsuku lapho inkululeko, ukulingana nobuzalwane kwashunyayelwa khona. Masinyane kwakukhona ukungcola. Wonke umuntu wasongela ukuboshwa ngokuphikisana.

Isithombe sesithombe

UBunin ukhumbula ukuthukuthela okwakuboniswa yilokho okwakuthiwa "abamnyama" izithombe zabantu baseRussia ngaleso sikhathi kulabo ababekhunjulwa, bekhuliswa yizincwadi, ezihlambalaza iminyaka eyikhulu kuzo zonke izigaba ngaphandle kwa "abantu" kanye nezigqoko. Zonke izindlu manje zisesimnyama, idolobha lonke likhona ebumnyameni, ngaphandle kwemibhobho yokuphanga, lapho i-balalaikas izwa khona, ama-chandeliers ayashisa, kukhona izindonga ngamabhantshi amnyama, lapho ama-skulls amhlophe aboniswa khona nokuthi "Ukufa ku-bourgeois" kubhaliwe.

Sizoqhubeka nokuchaza umsebenzi uBunin IA abhale. ("Izinsuku eziqalekisiwe"), ekuqhumeni. U-Ivan Alekseevich ubhala ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zabantu kubantu. Kwelinye lazo, iRussia igxila, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokusho kwalo, i-Chud. Kodwa kokubili kukhona ukuhlukahluka kokubukeka, isimo sengqondo, "ukuthungatha." Abantu bazitshela ukuthi kusukela kulo, njengokhuni, "kokubili iqembu kanye nesithonjana." Konke kuncike ekusebenzeni, ezimweni. Emelka Pugachev noma uSergius wase Radonezh.

Idolobha eliphelile

Siyaqhubeka nokuphindaphinda kwethu okufushane. I-Bunin IA Izithako "ezinsukwini eziqalekisiwe" kanje. E-Odessa, wadutshulwa wabulala abantu abamnyama abangu-26. Kuyinto encane. Idolobha lihlezi ekhaya, bambalwa abantu abaya emgwaqweni. Wonke umuntu uzizwa sengathi anqotshwe abantu abakhethekile, abesabekayo kunabokhokho bethu ababonakala bePechenegs. Futhi ukuhweba okuwinawo ngamathreyi, ama-staggers, ahlambalaza imbewu.

UBunin uthi uma nje umuzi uba "obomvu," isixuku esigcwalisa izitaladi ngokushesha sishintsha kakhulu. Ukukhethwa kwabantu okungekho okulula, okuvamile. Zonke zicishe zishaye, ziyesabisa ubuwula babo, inselelo kubo bonke abantu nakho konke. Emkhakheni weMarse wenza "umdlalo womngcwabo" kuthiwa amaqhawe afela ngenkululeko. Kwakuhleka usulu abafileyo, ngoba babenqatshelwe ukungcwatshwa kobuKristu, bangcwatshwa phakathi nendawo yedolobha, bafika emabhokisini abomvu.

"Isexwayiso" emaphephandabeni

Siyaqhubeka sisho isifingqo somsebenzi we-IA. Bunin "Izinsuku eziqalekisiwe." Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhali ufunde "isixwayiso" emaphephandabeni ukuthi ugesi ngeke lusheshe lube khona ngenxa yokuphefumula. Konke kwacutshungulwa ngenyanga eyodwa: kwakungekho nojantshi, akukho izitshalo, akukho izingubo, akukho isinkwa, akukho manzi. Ngasekupheleni kusihlwa, beza ne "commissar" ekhaya ukuze balinganise amakamelo "wokuvalwa uphawu yi-proletariat." Umbhali uyazibuza ukuthi kungani inkantolo i-commissar, hhayi nje inkantolo. Ngoba ungahamba emadolweni ejulile ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwamazwi angcwele we-revolution. I-Libertinism yinto esemqoka e-Red Army amadoda. Amehlo aziqhenya, adaka, emlonyeni wesigarethi, i-cap ngemuva kwekhanda, egqoke i-dud. E-Odessa, kudutshulwa abanye abantu abangu-15, izitimela ezimbili zithunyelwa ukudla kwabaphikisi baseSt. Petersburg, lapho umuzi ngokwawo "ubulawa yindlala."

Lokhu kuphetha umsebenzi othi "Izinsuku Eziqalekisiwe", okuqukethwe okufushane esikubekwe ukukutshela. Ekuphetheni, umbhali ubhala ukuthi amanothi akhe e-Odessa aphulukile kule ndawo. Ishidi elilandelayo wangcwatshwa emhlabathini, washiya umuzi, wabe esehluleka ukuthola.

Ukuhlaziywa okufushane komsebenzi kaBunin "Izinsuku Eziqalekisiwe"

U-Ivan Alekseevich emsebenzini wakhe wabonisa isimo sakhe sengqondo kulolu daba - okubi kakhulu. Ngomqondo oqinile, "Izinsuku Eziqalekisiwe" Bunin - akuyona ngisho nedayari, njengoba amarekhodi abuyiselwa enkumbulweni ngumlobi, odweba ngobuciko. Njengengqamuvele ngesikhathi sangokomlando, baboniswa yiqembu laseBolshevik. UBunin wazizwa engowokugcina ukuzwa okudlule kwabakhulu nobaba wakhe. Wayefuna ukuphoqa ubuhle be-autumn, ubumnandi bokuqala nobungenasimo, inhlekelele yesikhathi samanje. Emisebenzini ethi "Izinsuku Eziqalekisiwe" uBunin uthe uPushkin uphansi futhi ngokudabukisayo ugoqa ikhanda lakhe, njengokungathi uphinde wabhala: "I-Russia yami idabukile!". Konke okuzungeze umphefumulo, abesifazane nabasosha kuphela abesabekayo.

Akukhona nje ukuphumelela kokucindezela nokuhlukunyezwa kwentando yeningi kwaba umlobi gehenna we-revolution, kodwa futhi ukulahlekelwa okungenakuqhathaniswa kokuvumelana nokubunjwa kokuphila ngokwayo, ukunqoba kokungafaneleki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi unemibala yokudabuka kokuhlukanisa, okuyinto uBunin enayo nezwe lakhe. Lapho ebheka ichweba lezintandane lase-Odessa, umlobi ukhumbula ukushiya i- honeymoon futhi uphawula ukuthi inzalo ayikwazi ngisho nokucabanga iRussia lapho abazali bayo behlala khona.

Ngokuba ukuhlakazeka kweRussia Bunin ukuqagela ekupheleni kokuvumelana komhlaba. Kuphela enkolweni uyibona kuphela induduzo.

Umlobi akazange afune ukuphila kwangaphambili nhlobo. Ububi bakhe babhalwe "eSukhodol" nase "Village". Wabonisa endaweni efanayo ukuguqulwa okuqhubekayo kwekilasi elihloniphekile. Kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkathazo zempi yombango kanye ne-revolution, iRussia yangaphambi kokuguquka ekubukeni kukaBunin yaba yisibonelo sokuhleleka nokuzinza. Wazizwa ethanda umprofethi weBhayibheli, ngisho nase "Village" eyamemezela inhlekelele ezayo futhi ilinde ukubulawa kwabo, kanye nomuntu ongabonisi okwenzekayo kanye nofakazi bokuzibonela komunye uvukela oluhlukumezekayo olungenangqondo lwaseRussia, ngamazwi kaPushkin. UBunin wabona ukuthi izinto ezesabekayo zenguquko zabonakala ngabantu njengempindiselo yokucindezelwa phakathi nokubusa kombuso waseRomanov. Futhi waphawula ukuthi amaBolshevik angaqhubeka nokuqothula ingxenye yabantu. Ngakho-ke, idayari yeBunin inzima kakhulu.