Le ngozi enkulu e-USSR: umlando, incazelo, kanye nohlu izibalo. Owesifazane owasinda kuphahlazeka indiza e-USSR

Air eshayisa kwenzeke kuqhathaniswa njalo, kodwa ngamunye wabo ngendlela ekhethekile kokuphazamisa umphakathi. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba kuzo Ngokuphazima kweso wabulala inqwaba futhi amakhulu abantu. Kulesi sici, siyobona ukuthi kwakungeyona neze ngaphandle ne-Soviet Union. Ake sibheke le ngozi enkulu e-USSR, imininingwane yabo nezibalo izisulu.

uhlu izinhlekelele

Bangaki izindiza izingozi eU.SSR? Uma acabangele ngisho nomncane, ngaphandle kubiza izisulu, inani labo elikhulu kakhulu, futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba senze mikhulu. Sizogxila ngozi edume kakhulu futhi makhulu kunawo wonke. Uhlu indiza eSoviet Union simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• inhlekelele ngesikhathi Tiflis (1925);
• Ukuphahlazeka ngesikhathi Central Aerodrome eMoscow (1935);
• ukufa Air Force umyalo e Sverdlovsk (1950);
• kuphahlazeka indiza e Vurnarsky District (1958);
• inhlekelele eduze Krasnoyarsk (1962);
• Ingozi yenzeka ngenyanga Sverdlovsk (1967);
• ukushayisana bezindiza phezu Kaluga Region (1969);
• kwenhlekelele Svetlogorsk (1972);
• igoqe eKharkov esifundeni (1972);
• kuphahlazeka indiza e Nerskaya River Lake (1972);
• ingozi impela eLeningrad (1974);
• ukufa "Pakhtakor" ithimba (1979);
• Ukungqubuzana phezu Zavitinsk (1981);
• inhlekelele ngesikhathi Omsk sezindiza (1984);
• Ukuphahlazeka Lviv (1985);
• inhlekelele eduze Uchkuduk (1985);
• kwenhlekelele le Kurumoch sezindiza (1986);
• engozini esifundeni sase-Irkutsk (1989).

Ohlwini ayihlanganisi baphihliza ngobukhulu e isibalo izisulu, kodwa futhi resonant kakhulu. Yiqiniso, inani indiza eSoviet Union kwaba okuningi, kodwa thina sizogxila kakhulu kuphela kwezinsizi ngenhla.

Ekuqaleni le nhlekelele

Nomthelela omkhulu enhlekeleleni yokusebenzelana eU.SSR kuvula ukuphahlazeka umgibeli izindiza Junkers F 13, ezenzeka ngesikhathi Tiflis eGeorgia ngo-1925. Kulapha ungaqala ngokubala zezindiza nezinhlekelele likahulumeni waseSoviet.

Lokhu kulandela indiza yenhloko-dolobha Georgian Sukhum. Kule ndiza babe izisebenzi ezimbili futhi abagibeli abathathu, esindizayo sasebukhosini. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15 ngemva kokukhamba Junkers F 13 umlilo ngokuzumayo kuzibamba. Amabili abagibeli wenza eqa yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba, kodwa wawela kokufa kwakhe. Enye abagibeli babulawa ekuqhumeni bashayisana indiza emhlabathini.

imbangela olunembile umlilo ngakho ukufaka futhi kuhlulekile, kodwa, ngokuvumelana eyodwa version, kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi omunye wabagibeli wajikijela umdlalo esivuthayo phansi.

Yiqiniso, izinga umcimbi isibalo izisulu itsatfwa kunabayeni labo izinhlekelele, iphuzu esizoxoxa ngalo kamuva, kodwa nokho-ke lo ukuphahlazeka jet kungenziwa ngokuthi ngowokuqala eSoviet Union.

Le nhlekelele esikhumulweni sezindiza eMoscow

Le ngozi enkulu eU.SSR niyaqhubeka yenhlekelele eyenzeka endaweni Meyi 1935 endaweni esibulalayo eMoscow, elalisendaweni edolobhaneni Sokol. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho umshayeli Nikolay Balagin, eqamba indiza fighter yakhe airliner ishayise ANT-20 "Maxim Gorky". Ngaphandle yena, abantu abangu-11 bebulawa yizifo ithimba iqembu umgibeli izindiza futhi abagibeli 38. Nakuba kukhona idatha enye ukuthi abagibeli kwaba 50. Ngakho, inani eliphelele izisulu zazisuka abantu 49 kuya 62.

Isinqumo uphenyo wakubeka - Iphutha umshayeli.

Ukufa iqembu BBC

Kucoca kuphahlazeka indiza eRussia futhi e-USSR, kodwa umuntu akanakusho bayakhohlwa kokufa abadlali hockey team Air Force ekuqaleni Januwari 1950, i-flying kusukela eMoscow kuze kube Chelyabinsk umhlangano iqembu wendawo. Ukundiza senzeka izimo sezulu kunalokho esindayo, ukuthi kwaba yezimbangela kwenzeka le nhlekelele. Enye yezimbangela zezinkinga enhlanganweni ebizwa ngokuthi inkonzo dispatcher, ngokuyinhloko balahlekelwe kokwehla izindiza "yabo", futhi Li-2, okuyinto landizela iqembu Air Force, sekuyisikhathi eside emoyeni, elinde imvume umhlaba.

Ngakho, izibalo yokuphahlazeka eU.SSR agcwaliswa nomunye izisulu nesishiyagalolunye, zazo 8 babe izisebenzi futhi 11 - abadlali iqembu.

Derailment Vurnarsky District

Njengezinye ezinkulu ukuphahlazeka emoyeni eRussia futhi e-USSR, nenhlekelele Vurnarsky District Kuyoze kube bahlale imemori zabantu, ikakhulukazi izihlobo ezilahlekelwe. Kwathi eduze nedolobhana Bulatov Chuvashkoy ASSR ngo-October 1958.

Tu-104A ibithwele ithimba abaholi Chinese oluvela Omsk eMoscow, kodwa iphuzu lokufika ngenxa izimo zezulu ezimbi crew we airliner sinqatshiwe boarding. Namuhla kunesimo esithi asifane kwaphindwa Gorky. Ngakho, amatilosi wanquma ndizela Sverdlovsk. Kodwa lesi sinqumo kuhlinzekelwe ushintsho olukhulu Yebo. Njengoba sifeza lesi iqhinga nzima, indiza ubekade ekusakazeni emoyeni onamandla, yingakho Wangena dive, nokuthi wayenguMesiya Imbangela yale ngozi emhlabathini.

Ngenxa yalokho, le ngozi wabulala zezisebenzi eziyisishiyagalolunye kanye abagibeli 71.

Le nhlekelele eduze Krasnoyarsk

Yiqiniso, ukuthi kwenzekeni kuphahlazeka indiza eRussia futhi e-USSR - a amashwa omkhulu, kodwa phakathi ukuphumula bungabonakala angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa Krasnoyarsk ngoJuni 1962. It babengafani nabanye ukuthi imbangela kwakungelona iphutha umshayeli noma umphathi, hhayi ukungasebenzi izindiza, futhi izimo zezulu, kanti i missile anti-izindiza hit ukufaka.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imbangela yokuphahlazeka Tu-104 indizela sase-Irkutsk Omsk, ayikaziwa. kuphela uma izingxenye kokuhlola indiza ngesikhathi indawo crash wakwazi ukubona umonakalo isikhumba fuselage. Futhi umgodi wayevela ngaphandle. kamuva kuphela kwathi eseduze yayiqhutshelwa umzimba ezempi, futhi ngenxa yezimo ezimbi sezulu ingenye missiles've anti-aircraft lalahlekelwa injongo yawo yangempela futhi ubuyisele phezu Tu-104.

Waba yini umphumela walesi nhlekelele kokufa zezisebenzi eziyisishiyagalombili kanye abagibeli 76. Njengoba isibalo izisulu Saze ukuphahlazeka kangaka e-USSR.

kuphahlazeka indiza e Sverdlovsk

Omunye umlando edabukisayo eyayibekwe ngo-1967 eduze Sverdlovsk, lapho airliner iphahlazeka Il-18. Esikhathini ukuphahlazeka Kushone abagibeli 99 8 zezisebenzi lomuntu. Futhi, zonke sokonakala e-USSR, okuyinto eyenzeka eside ngakho akakwazanga nenani abalimala kulokhu.

Imbangela yale nhlekelele futhi uhlulekile kusungula okuthembekile. Airplane ngesivinini ishayisa phansi, okuholela kuphihlizwe eziningi. Nokho, kukhona bafakwa okufushane phambili we ukungasebenzi lobuchwepheshe.

Inhlekelele ye-Kaluga Region

Yiqiniso, ebhekisela ukuphahlazeka enkulu eRussia ne-Soviet Union, asikwazi dengwane wokugoqa we Yukhnov ngo-1969. Phela, kwaba kakhulu emikhulu inhlekelele eSoviet Union, ngokuvumelana nenani izisulu walabo eziye zenzeka ngenxa yale ngozi bezindiza ababili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba ukuwa esivelele kunazo zonke Kaluga esifundeni.

Le ngozi yenzeke ngenxa yale ngozi airliner Il-14M nakwezempi ukushayela izindiza zokuthutha impahla An-12BP. Waba yini umphumela walesi senzakalo okubuhlungu kwakungenxa ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu 24 ebhodini ngumgibeli abantu 96 wagibela izindiza zempi. Kubandakanya wabulala amalungu 5 izisebenzi kokubili izimoto emoyeni.

Imbangela yale ngozi obonwa kokubili imingcele namakalishi ukwephulwa predetermined ukuphakama.

Nenhlekelele Svetlogorsk

Phakathi kwezinye izingozi zezindiza elafika eSoviet Union, ukugqamisa angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa 1972 emzini Svetlogorsk, Kaliningrad esifundeni. Kulapho wezempi izindiza zokuthutha Kuvele-24T, wenza kuhlelwe azungeza iphahlazeka. Inkinga ngalesi sehlakalo ukuthi ekwindla indiza yawela phezu enkulisa. Ngenxa yalokho, balahlekelwa hhayi kuphela wonke amalungu 8 izisebenzi, kodwa futhi abasebenzi ezintathu izikhungo zasenkulisa nezingane 24. Inombolo ephelele izisulu kwaba abantu abangu-34.

Nakuba yale ngozi enyantisa igazi neziphathimandla wazama ukufihla, kodwa, nokho, lesi senzakalo ezidlula ayikwazanga eyomphakathi. Uphenyo lwenzelwa ekusithekeni, kwathi imiphumela eyomphakathi kuphela ngo-2010, okusho ukuthi ngemuva kokuwa Soviet. Ngokwalo mbiko, imbangela nhlekelele ukuqeqeshwa abampofu abashayeli bezindiza. Kodwa akulona icala elilodwa lobugebengu ngokuqondene umcimbi futhi wayengekho evulekile, yize zisusiwe okuthunyelwe kwabo nedlanzana ezimbalwa esiphakeme amasosha.

Njengoba sazi ukuthi imbangela nhlekelele waba izindiza zempi ke lo mcimbi kungenziwa kulotshwe lempi kuphahlazeka indiza e-USSR.

Le nhlekelele ku Kharkiv esifundeni

Enye inhlekelele enkulu iphutha ngo-1972 Kharkiv esifundeni eduze nedolobhana Russian Lozova. Kwaba kukhona ukuthi iphahlazeka umgibeli izindiza An-10, i-flying emzileni eMoscow - Kharkiv. Imiphumela sokonakala zazinzima edabukisayo - abantu 122 Kushone, zazo - zezisebenzi 7.

Uphenyo luthole ukuthi imbangela yengozi waqala amaphutha lobuchwepheshe isakhiwo izindiza. Ngakho ngokushesha izindiza An-10 ayekade kuhoxiswe ekusebenzeni.

zendiza eyaphahlazeka eduze eMoscow

Enye inhlekelele enkulu, owenzeka ngo-efanayo 1972, kwaba ukuwa IL-62, ibisuka Paris eMoscow, kusukela Nerskaya River Lake ngenkathi kokufika ekupheleni phuzu ukubaleka kwenu. Waba yini umphumela walesi nhlekelele kokufa abagibeli 164 kanye zezisebenzi 10. Ngaleso sikhathi kwaba ambitious kunazo emoyeni ukuphahlazeka, okwenzeka ensimini ka-Russia. Okwamanje, inani abafile ukuthi udlule wakhe kuphela nesibhicongo Omsk ngo-1984.

Uphenyo akalushongo Imbangela yengozi, kodwa omunye ezinguqulweni main kubhekwa ingalungile altimeter kulungiselelwa.

Ukuwa Leningrad

Izibalo indiza e-USSR neRussia kuyohlale kuntula uma ngingenaye kokukhuluma Ngokuwa airliner Il-18B eLeningrad ngo-1974. By the way, kwaba kwekulu zezindiza inhlekelele okwenzeka eduze idolobha lesibili ngobukhulu eSoviet Union.

Le ndiza lalizonqotshwa zendiza Leningrad - Zaporozhye, futhi kuphela basuka Ukuhamba iphuzu lakho njengoba waqhumisa up injini. Amatilosi wazama ukubuyela indiza esikhumulweni sezindiza, kodwa umlilo kuphela namandla lapho lihlala ngemva pilot iphaphalaze yaphuma emzileni wayo kanye Indiza iphahlazeke. Imbangela ye-ukungasebenzi ingozi e injini owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izenzo zochwepheshe amatilosi pilot Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi isinyathelo ngokunembile ngokulandela imiyalelo kanye baye benza konke okusemandleni ukuvimbela le nhlekelele.

Ngenxa yalokho le nhlekelele Kushone abagibeli 102 kanye zezisebenzi 7. Inombolo ephelele izisulu olunezinombolo abantu 109.

Ukufa iqembu football "Pakhtakor"

Noma yimuphi ukuphahlazeka kubangela impendulo eside, kodwa ikakhulukazi ekujabulisayo umphakathi, lapho kwabulawa abantu abadumile, abaculi, abadlali. Kwathi ngo-1979, lapho ngenxa yale ngozi amabili Tu-134 ku-Dneprodzerzhinsk kushone cishe wonke amalungu ethimba football-USSR Major League "Pakhtakor" Tashkent. Kodwa ngisho ngaphandle lena kwakungeyona ukuphahlazeka olulodwa e-USSR, ngezinga elikhulu kangaka ngenani zezisulu. Ngenxa yalokho yale nhlekelele wabulala abantu abangu-178 kuwo womabili izindiza, kuhlanganise 17 "Pakhtakor" ithimba abadlali futhi izisebenzi izindiza 13. Akekho wokugoqa emlandweni eSoviet Union wayengakaze ayibone imali zalelo nani elikhulu izisulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlekelele namanje zibalwa yesibili emhlabeni kunombolo dlulisa ukushayisana of izindiza ezimbili.

Ngokusho okutholakele uphenyo olusemthethweni, imbangela inhlekelele ezinkulu ezifana baba iphutha Manager.

owasinda

Yiqiniso, bashayisana bezindiza ababili phezu Zavitinsk ngo-1981 akunakwenzeka ukuba agqoke uhlu: ". Le elikhulu Ukuphahlazeka USSR" Kuyinto ephawulekayo ezahlukene. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso lo mcimbi kuphela omunye bonke abagibeli owesifazane, owasinda kuphahlazeka indiza e-USSR. Lokho yakwenza kwale nhlekelele eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke.

Larissa Savitskaya, okungukuthi kangaka okuthiwa owasinda kuphahlazeka indiza e-USSR, nomyeni wakhe wabuya eholidini langemva komshado wethu Blagoveshchensk lwakubo phezu izindiza An-24. Le nhlekelele okwenzeka endaweni ephakeme ephakeme kunaleyo 5,000 amamitha, lapho airliner ishayisane izindiza zempi Tu-16. Khona-ke, imbangela olusemthethweni ingozi uzobe okuthiwa ukuguquguquka amasevisi okulawulwa nezempi.

Phakathi ukushayisana Savitskaya izindiza wayelele, kodwa yena wavuka ukushaqeka aqinile futhi ukushiswa amakhaza ngenxa depressurization nendawo ebiyelwe. Ingxenye izindiza, lapho owesifazane lo wayengumGreki asalelwe kuphahlazeka indiza e-USSR, lawa ngo-birch ezweni ngandlela-thile akufake ekwindla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena waba nenhlanhla futhi ukuthi ubeyisibenzi nje esigabeni umsila kwendiza, komncane ehlaselwe ukuphahlazeka.

Nokho, ngenxa ukuwa Larissa Savitskaya wathola ukuxukuzeka ezinzima, balahlekelwa cishe wonke amazinyo akhe, got ezinye balimala eqolo waphuka yezingalo nemilenze izimbambo, kodwa namanje yena wayesaphila futhi wakwazi ukuthutha. Kodwa kusukela kokuwa endaweni indiza kuyinto ngempela kude ezindaweni ezinabantu ke Larissa abatakuli atholakala kuphela izinsuku ezimbili.

Ngakho, - kuphela owasinda kule ngozi. Ngo-USSR lolu lwazi ukushayisana isikhathi eside ukufihla. Larisa Savitskaya eyaduma emhlabeni wonke kuphela ngo-2000, lapho yonke imininingwane ngalesi sigameko yakhishelwa.

Kwakukhona elilodwa kuphela icala kanje. Ngo-1972, owesilisa utakulwe ngemva bokuwa usuka endaweni ephakeme okweqa 10 000 metres, ngemva ukuqhuma izindiza. Leyo ndoda yayiyisibani zaseYugoslavia Vesna Vulovic - inceku, basindile ngesikhathi kuphahlazeka. Ngokuqondene esimweni eU.SSR nge Savitskaya, bokuwa usuka endaweni ephakeme esingeqile 5000 amamitha, akazange ukuthi kukhona amacala anjalo. Lona wesifazane wayewukuphela kwesisebenzi wabantu 38 abebegibele izindiza ezimbili, okuyinto wakwazi ukusinda engozini Zavitinsk.

Le nhlekelele e-Omsk

Le nhlekelele, owenzeka ngo-sezindiza Omsk ngo-1984, has a imininingwane eminingana lihlukaniswe inombolo ukuthi izigameko ezifana nalezi. Yini akathathi indawo emoyeni kanye emhlabathini, kuba isici esasenza lokhu kuphahlazeka indiza. Ngo-USSR, kwenzeka njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani yizisulu zale nhlekelele iyona isikali walabo elafika ensimini ka-Russia.

I ukushayisana airliner Tu-154 lokubikezela, imishini iqhwa, kwashona abantu abangu-169 kanye zezisebenzi 4. Omunye umgibeli kanye zezisebenzi ezinhlanu ngasinda.

Inhlekelele eduze Lviv

Kokunikeza uhide ezinkulu kuphahlazeka indiza ye-USSR, kumelwe kuphawulwe angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa 1985 e saseLviv, Ukraine. Ngemva kwenhlekelele ye-e-laseKharkov futhi Dneprodzerzhinsk kwakuyizwi emikhulu izindiza ukuphahlazeka inombolo abalimala elafika ensimini ka-republic aseSoviet.

Imbangela yengozi ukungqubuzana wezempi ezokuthutha izindiza An-26 futhi Tu-134A izindiza, indizela kusukela eTallinn ku Chisinau nge kokuma e Lviv. Ngenxa yalokho lesi senzakalo, okuyinto eyenzeka eduze edolobheni Zolochiv saseLviv, kwashona 79 abagibeli ezisetshenziswa umphakathi izindiza kanye 9 - amasosha, kanye zezisebenzi eziyisithupha kusukela izindiza ngamunye. Kungekho muntu ophilayo, futhi inani eliphelele izisulu zaba abantu 94.

Ngenxa yalokho yophenyo kwase kunesiqiniseko ukuthi imbangela yengozi kwaba iphutha umphathi.

Le nhlekelele eduze Uchkuduk

Njengoba ubona, the ezinkulu kuphahlazeka indiza eRussia futhi eU.SSR kwenzeka kaningi impela, kodwa leyo ebaluleke kakhulu isibalo izisulu kufanele sithathwe njengehlelo wokugoqa we Uchkuduk ensimini ka-Uzbekistan. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1985, isigaba lokugcina khona izindawo zaseSoviet Union. Ngiphakathi ingozi eSoviet Union akazange abe inombolo enkulu kangaka yabantu owafa. Inombolo ephelele izisulu olunezinombolo abangu-200, lapho abagibeli 191 futhi 9 zezisebenzi.

Imbangela yale nhlekelele yokuthi ngesikhathi indiza esuka Karshi yiLeningrad nezisebenzi we airliner Tu-154 ehluleka ukuyilawula, kuphumele izindiza yehlelwa spin bawa. Ngokusho version esemthethweni uphenyo, ingxenye eyinhloko icala ngalokho okwenzekile ngowamagunya abashayeli bezindiza, ngubani baphambukile nezidingo standard, ukuthola ukuphakama umkhawulo, bese hhayi ukubhekana ukuphathwa isimo esiphuthumayo.

Ukuwa e Kuibyshev

Enye inhlekelele enkulu ngesikhathi sokushona kwelanga kweSoviet Union kwaba kuphahlazeka indiza ye Tu-134 esikhumulweni sezindiza wedolobha Kuibyshev - Kurumoch. Inkinga ngalesi senzakalo okuthuthukiswa yokuthi kwenzeka ngenxa ukungayinaki lokuhlola imisebenzi yakhe. Wagomela ne izisebenzi ukuze bakwazi ukubeka airliner zifa. Lo mzamo yaphela kabi kakhulu. ukunganaki Criminal crew Aleksandra Klyueva uye esabulala 70 nomyali. Wasinda abantu 24 kuphela kuzo zezisebenzi 94 futhi abagibeli.

Umshayeli ngasinda futhi wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-15 ebhadla ejele. Kodwa ngemva kwalesi sikhathi ibilokhu olubukeziwe futhi zithathelwe indawo iminyaka eyisithupha ejele.

Inhlekelele e esifundeni sase-Irkutsk

I last ezinkulu zezindiza ingozi, okwenzeka kwi endaweni ye-USSR, kungaba kubhekwe ngenxa yenhlekelele eyenzeka ngo-1989 e-esifundeni sase-Irkutsk. Ke kwabakho ukushayisana sithwala izindiza Yak-40 ngendiza sase-Irkutsk Zheleznogorsk, indiza wezempi Mi-8. Ngenxa yalokho, le ngozi kwashona abantu abangu-33 abebegibele indiza, futhi 7 lempi, indiza enophephela emhlane.

Uphenyo luveze ukuthi imbangela yengozi, njengoba sekuke kwenteka ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa, kwaba nekubate phakathi dispatchers civil kanye zezindiza ezempi.

Kwakuwusuku lokugcina ezinkulu zezindiza ukuphahlazeka ezweni kakade ngesikhathi wahlupheka kufike komkhulu wabo nenhlekelele geopolitical.

isiphetho

Yiqiniso, yonke le ngozi eRussia futhi iSoviet Union ngo-siqu edabukisayo yayo, kodwa siye sazama ukugxila resonance enkulu noma wabo. Kodwa-ke, umnqopho egcwele uhlu nesishiyagalombili izigemegeme ezenzeka akasho, futhi umfundi ngamunye kungaba ukwengeza ukuphahlazeka indiza elafika eSoviet Union, babhekwa njengabakufanelekelayo lokhu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi okwamanje akekho simo ngokuthi iSoviet Union akusho, le ndiza ukuphahlazeka uqhubeke ukuthatha impilo bakithi. Imemori ngayinye izinhlekelele ezinjalo, kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu bawo, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi bahlala izinhliziyo zabantu.