Verviers - umphakathi lasendulo

Igama elithi "intambo" sesihlanganisiwe ngokucacile kungenziwa ngokuthi historicism, kodwa akufanele kube isizathu hhayi ngijwayele umsuka waso nokwanda incazelo, ngoba kuhlobene umlando nokuthuthukiswa yeRussia.

definition

Izazimlando nezazi zeBhayibheli zithi abantu baveza ukuthi leli gama kwakubonisa umphakathi wasendulo ezazikhona endaweni Russia nase Croatia. I etymology kusekelwe namasiko abantu sigubha bona Yayinepulazi intambo lasendulo. Lolu hlobo umphakathi ohlala kuso kuyakhulunywa ngaso "Iqiniso Russian" - incwadi ebalulekile of Kievan Rus, kanye e-Croatian poljica isimiso, okuyinto omdala lesikhumbuzo zomthetho endaweni encane e-Croatia (ku ugu lwaseDalmatia).

kwemvelo

Ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi intambo yokuqala yayinjalo inhlangano consanguineous kakhulu, futhi kamuva ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezihlukahlukene izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho isibe inkampani yasungulwa kakade, kunalokho, isimiso endaweni, okungukuthi, okuqondene abantu bakhe bahlanganiswe kuphela endaweni abaseduze lokuhlala.

Ikakhulukazi ngenkuthalo ukuvikela imibono yabo kukhona ososayensi abangamalungu nabasekeli abakhuthele emphakathini wendawo. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko - yokuthi iqembu elinjalo kungenziwa ngokuthi intuthuko okuningi futhi nezazi-mlando ezingenamandla angafuni ukwamukela iqiniso lokuthi abanye ezizweni atfutfuke kakhulu kunemakhono labo eRussia. Kusukela intambo - kuyinto inhlangano kwezakhi ezehlukene emphakathini wabantu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iye yashintshwa ahlukahlukene.

etymology

Izazi zolimi, futhi, waqala ukutadisha Umsuka wegama elithi, ukunikeza ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa mayelana nomlando umqondo. Kwatholakala ukuthi akuzange kuzenzakalele nje igama Umphakathi ungwaqa ngegama elithi "indophi."

Lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi izinhlangano ezifana yayakhiwa isimiso co-zokuhlala lwamaSlav lasendulo kanye nabanye abantu yayinomkhuba yokulinganisa izimpahla zabo ngosizo kochungechunge obude obuthile, Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi yingakho elithi "indophi." Sencazelo "intambo" zagcinwa imibhalo kwezindaba zesifunda Astrakhan kwekhulu XIX. Khona-ke kwaba isilinganiso elilingana 1850 kungamafathomu sikwele. Inqubo yokulinganisa umhlaba wathi: "vervovat" futhi "Verov".

"Iqiniso Russian" futhi poljica isimiso

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kwemvelo lokhu emphakathini lwenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene. Nakuba kucatshangwa ukuthi intambo - inhlangano okusekelwe Izibopho nokuzwelana, ekugcineni ngokuhlanganisa isimiso ushintsho. Esikhathini "Iqiniso Russian" kusho ukuthi indawo yasemaphandleni ayizange okusekelwe eBhayibhelini ngokuphathelene negazi othayi, e poljica isimiso kwacaca ukuthi kunezindlela kuphela waphawula buthakathaka lesi sici, kodwa ezinye izinto ezingekho namanje walondoloza.

"Russian Iqiniso" uchaza esimisweni sezenhlalo, kuyinto athuthukile okuningi kunaleyo eshiwo ku poljica isimiso. Kodwa leli phutha kuchazwe kalula. Izingxenye ngazinye "Iqiniso Russian" ukutshela mayelana umphakathi VIII-XII eminyaka, kuyilapho poljica isimiso Uchaza isimo xv-XVII eminyaka.

umthwalo collective

Esikhathini "Russian Iqiniso" kusho ukuthi intambo - umphakathi zasemakhaya abantu abahlala endaweni enkulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amalungu kungukuthi ezihlobene ngegazi, kukhona phakathi kwabo umthwalo wemfanelo mutual, edinga ilungu ngalinye ukubheka isela futhi sibe obhekene necala lokubulala umthetho. Kukhona neminye imisebenzi ukuthi kwakudingeka bathwale intambo. Bazimisele yiziphathimandla.

Noma yimuphi hlobo luni lomphakathi ukunyusele ukuthuthukiswa isakhiwo yomphakathi lasendulo. Yiqiniso, kungenziwa okufanayo babephikisana ngokuthi nerobho. Kwaba umphakathi wabantu, okuyinto okunzima ukukhuluma ngokucacile. Kuyini kucace ukuthi intambo kwaba esinye isixhumanisi ekuthuthukiseni yomlando Russian kanye nomthelela omuhle ke.