Kuyini uthango futhi yiziphi imiphumela yayo?

Abhekene necala ku historiography yinqubo ukubhujiswa emphakathi wezolimo amapulazi e-Europe. Ngokuvamile leli gama lisetshenziswa ukuze libhekisele eNgilandi ezikhathini zanamuhla.

Ukulima ku XVI ekhulwini England

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi uthango, udinga phindela Tudor inkathi. Ngalesi sikhathi ama-umkhakha indwangu lakhula ngokushesha e-England. Amanani for uvolo, okuyinto yena, enamathiselwe ukubaluleka okukhulu kwezomnotho ukuze imfuyo, ikakhulukazi, ukunakwa okukhulu sakhokhwa emadlelweni yenziwe amadlelo emfuyo. Babalelwa ku le nsiza waphenduka umzabalazo ozimisele.

abanikazi bamazwe acebile noMbusi wababusi waqala ukuthenga ukwaluka abalimi abampofu. Lezi zizinda Kwakuqashwa abalimi. ipulazi Single yawela labhidlika. Iningi ezweni IsiZulu kwakusakazwa phakathi kwamadoda asebukhosini, isonto nombuso.

freeholder

Abalimi babe British zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili. Eyokuqala - freeholders, noma okuthiwa lobunini khulula. Babengazi ukuthi uthango. Ubuhlobo babo Amakhosi zazimi kanje. Abantu bendawo ukhokhele iqashwe encane ngoba izwe labo futhi ayikwazanga bachithe kubo ngendlela abafisa ngayo. Leli qembu wahlala izimo ukhululekile kakhulu izigodi ke wezolimo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona Freeholders kancane kakhulu. Kwakumelwe ingxenye encane kakhulu yezolimo labantu of England.

akhuleka

Okuhluke kakhulu kwakunjalo yesibili ongumlimi kwezakhi. ngabalimi ezinjalo ngokuthi akhuleka. Lesi sigaba kwamiswa ekhulwini XIV, ngemva serfdom saqedwa ngo-England. Lokhu kuhilela ngokunembile inqubo ebiyelwe.

Homage Yayinepulazi yabo kuphela ilungelo impilo yonke. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi ongumlimi kwadingeka ukuxoxisana neNkosi izimo umqashisi yefa lakhe lokuxoxela izizukulwane ezizayo. Kuyefana nasendleleni iyiphi imisebenzi umhlaba. Eqinisweni, lezi abalimi (futhi base iningi) baba sincike Lords. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibopho eyisakhamuzi ngamunye kukhokhelwe umhlaba imali zakhe ziklebhukile.

Njengoba uvolo kuleli zwe kwaqala ukuvela e intengo, amakhosi aqala bakamalalahlengezela ukwandisa amanani sokuqasha. Lokhu kuye kwaba negalelo ubumpofu mass we abalimi. Bazithola ezikweletini waya ukuphelelwa yimali. Uhlelo yendabuko co-khona edolobhaneni lwephuka ngokushesha. It okwenzeka ekhulwini XVI.

I phansi we abantukazana

Njengoba inkokhelo ukuze izikweletu abalimi akhethiwe iziza zabo siqu. Lokhu kwaba ukuqala inqubo yokuhlela kabusha i-capitalism edolobhaneni. izindawo Expropriated kuthiwa ebiyelwe kusuka abanikazi odlule (ke kungakho igama layo liyi esixoxe ngazo umqondo).

Ngokuvamile, umlimi wayengeke alahlekelwe ngisho nalo lonke izwe ayelayo ngaphambili. Abantu abanjalo babe izisebenzi e amakhosi efanayo. Kuyini uthango ngoba iningi lazo? Le nqubo ye phansi. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa Ubuye elithi ethandwa, emagama lafanako "pauperization". Abantu abampofu baba iziphanzi futhi vagrants. Lena imiphumela ezivalekile.

Futhi, le nqubo iye yashubisa yi IsiZulu Yezinguquko iqala. amandla Royal wayelwa uPapa. UHenry VIII yamemezela ukuthi manje izwe lakhe ezosebenza isonto lalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona ukudliwa kwamazwe okuqondene zezindela nezinye izinhlangano zenkolo. Holdings wadlulela isimo. Babehlala abalimi abaningi. Iningi lazo abasele ngaphandle ezweni - lapha ibuye ebiyelwe. Ingxabano ezihlobene nala izinqubo kwaholela eziningi ongumlimi yokuvukela kulo lonke leli zwe.

Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho ngemva ebiyelwe

Izakhamuzi izifundazwe enyakatho libhekene ikakhulukazi ubumpofu. Le ndawo umngcele ine sizinda ezisezingeni eliphansi. Iningi labalimi ahamba ayokhonza e izidlamlilo esikhundleni ukukhokha kokujwayelekile wentela yomhlaba. Ushintsho kosozimali futhi uthango ufinyelelwe kule ndawo ithuba lokugcina. Lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona lezi zinqubo isibe Ephakathi naseNingizimu East England. Lapha ukungqubuzana noMbusi wababusi abalimi lubonakala ikakhulu.

Ngo-ntshonalanga bendabuko indlela wezwe ohlanganyelwe zokuphila sidonsa. Kwakukhona ifektri yoboya eziningi idlelo. Kopigoldnye umnotho kulezi izifundazwe sesimi uma siqhathanisa nabanye izifunda zezwe.

Yini phetho abangafundile babebhekwa abhekene necala entshonalanga? Nampa cishe ezingabonakali. I Lords uzamile ukwandisa Holdings zabo ngokuvusa izindleko iqashwe. Le ndlela iye yaba nezimfihlo futhi hhayi njengoba nomphumela njengoba yokudliwa komhlaba oqondile.

Kuyini uthango? Libuye libe lithuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa emikhulu umkhakha. Lendawo umnotho eNgilandi lingaphansi athuthukile ukwedlula kwamanye amazwe acebile. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Netherlands inani izimboni, Mills nezinye amapulazi ezintsha abangu enkulu kuqhathaniswa esiqhingini engumakhelwane. Lapho abanikazi bamazwe enkulu England waqongelela capital enkulu ngezithukuthuku uthango, imali yabo baya ukuthuthukiswa imboni. Ngenxa yalokhu igebe phakathi England nase-Holland ekhulwini XVIII liye unqobe ngempumelelo.