Cross cross: umsuka, incazelo nencazelo

Namuhla kunezibonakaliso ezimbalwa zezokwelapha. Lezi yizinhlobonhlobo zesitsha nenyoka, kanye nenkanyezi eyisithupha yokuphila, ne-caduceus, nesiphambano esibomvu sezokwelapha. Isithonjana sokugcina sathandwa kakhulu e-USSR, nakuba ngabe incazelo yaso yahunyushwa hhayi kahle.

Uphawu lwesiphambano obomvu: ukubukeka kokuqala

Naphezu kokuthi iminyaka yesiphambano esibomvu njengesibonakaliso sezokwelapha sineminyaka engaba ngu-150 ubudala, lesi simboli sinomlando wasendulo.

Emakhulwini e-XII-XIV eYurophu, kwakhiwa ama-knights 'ama-knights' ama- Templars ne-Hospitallers. Umgomo wabo kwakuwukukhulula umuzi ongcwele waseJerusalema kusukela emandleni amaJuda namaSulumane. Ngemva kokuba idolobha lithathwe, abaningi baseYurophu bafuna ukubona ngamehlo abo indawo ababehlala kuyo, bafa futhi bavusa iNkosi yabo.

Nokho, uhambo oluya eJerusalema lwaluphephile, ngoba kwakukhona abaphangi abaningi emigwaqweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaseYurophu, abangajwayele isimo sezulu sasePalestina, bahlakulela izifo zendawo. Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga, ama-templar knights, anqoba iJerusalema, azinakekela izidingo zabahambeli. Imiyalo ye-Templars ne-Hospitallers yahlinzeka ukuvikelwa kwabakhamuzi baseYurophu phakathi nohambo, futhi yahlela nezibhedlela ukusiza abalimele nabagulayo.

I-Templars ne-Hospitallers, ukuze ziqashe, zihlotshaniswa izingubo zangaphandle nezihlangu nge-Insignia ye-Order. Izibhedlela - isiphambano esimhlophe emlandweni omnyama noma obomvu, ne-Templars - isiphambano esibomvu esizinda sangemhlophe seqhwa. Akuwona wonke umsebenzi walezi knights ezifanelekile, kodwa ngenxa yabaningi abahamba ngezinyawo baba uphawu lokunakekelwa nokuvikelwa okungathandeki. Yingakho, ngokukhetha isibonakaliso senhlangano yomhlaba yokusiza izisulu zemisebenzi yezempi, abadali bayo banquma ukusebenzisa umgwaqo obomvu owaziwayo we-Knights Templar.

Indlela isiphambano esibomvu saba uphawu lwezokwelapha zezempi

Bangaki abantu abakhona, kunezimpi. Ngemuva kwempi ngayinye, kukhona abalimele abaningi abangakwazi ukubhekana nokuhlinzekwa kwezempilo ngesikhathi esifanele. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuba odokotela bezempi bafuna ukulimala kuphela ngemva kokuphela kwempi, ngoba, ngaphandle kwezibonakaliso ezihlukile, bebeka engozini yokubulawa.

Phakathi nempi ka-1859 eYurophu, amasosha amaningi afa, abaningi babo bangasindiswa uma isikhathi sokunikeza usizo lwezokwelapha. Umninimabhizinisi waseSwitzerland kanye nomphikisana noJean Henri Dunant, ababebukele le mpi, bajabule ngomqondo wokwakha inhlangano yokusiza amasosha abalimele.

Ngo-1863, ngesikhathi sokuqala kukaDunant eGeneva, kwakunqungquthela ingqungquthela yomhlaba wonke, lapho inhlangano yomhlaba wonke yokusiza izisulu zempi yasungulwa - i-Red Cross.

Isibonakaliso sale nhlangano sikhethwe ifulegi laseSwitzerland (langaphandle lifanekisela uphawu lwe-Hospitaller Order). Kodwa ngezizathu ezingokoqobo, ngokushesha umgwaqo obomvu owaziwayo (uphawu lwezokwelapha e-USSR) emlandweni omhlophe waba uphawu lwehlangano entsha yokusiza.

Kancane kancane, bonke abasebenzi bezibhedlela zasemasimini yasensimini baqala ukugqoka amabhandeki anemivimbo ebomvu eyayibonisa amasosha ezitha ukuthi babengodokotela kuphela. Ngakho-ke, kwaba khona ukuphuma kwabalimele kusukela empini, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba kuphele.

Okushiwo uphawu olubomvu lwesiphambano

Umnqamlezo obomvu akuyona nje isibonakaliso esihle. Zonke iziphetho ezine zalesi sibonakaliso zifanekisela izimfanelo zomuntu ezibalulekile, okufanele zilingane phakathi kwamalungu enhlangano.

• Isibindi sokubeka impilo yakho engozini ukuze usize umakhelwane wakho.
• Kuyinto ehlakaniphile ukunikeza usizo izisulu, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuba ubungozi bakho bungozi.
• Isimo sengqondo esihle kubo bonke abaswele, kungakhathaliseki isimo sabo senhlalo noma ubuhlanga.
• Ukulinganisela emsebenzini, emva kwakho konke, ukusiza iziguli, imithi kufanele iphilile.

I-Red Cross ne-Red Crescent

Phakathi neminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa ekhulwini le-XIX, uMbuso wase-Ottoman namanye amazwe asempumalanga angewona wamaKristu waba yingxenye kaningi empi yezempi. Ohulumeni babo bavumela i-Red Cross ukuba yenze imisebenzi yabo emasimini abo, ngokuphindaphindiwe ibabuze ukuba bavumelane nesimiso senhlangano kumaSulumane. Ngako-ke kwavela isibonakaliso somswakama obomvu emlandweni omhlophe, owawuphawu lwezempi yezempi emazweni amaSulumane. Futhi inhlangano ngokwayo isaziwa ngokuthi yi-International Red Cross neRed Crescent Movement.

Ukuhamba okubomvu nezinye izimpawu

Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-XX, iziphathimandla zaseTurkey, zasePheresiya naseGibhithe zisebenza ku-Red Cross ngesicelo sokuletha izimpawu ezihlukile: ibhubesi elibomvu nelanga. Abaphathi benhlangano bavumelana, kodwa maduzane ezinye izifunda zifuna ukwengeza izimpawu ezengeziwe. Eyesaba ukuthi i-Red Cross izoba nezibonakaliso eziningi kakhulu futhi lokhu kungadala ukudideka, abaphathi benqaba ukuqaphela ezinye izimpawu futhi baqedwa ngawo-1980 izimpawu zelanga elibomvu nengonyama.

Kusukela kuma-2000, i-International Red Cross neRed Crescent Movement yaqala ukuthuthukisa i-logo entsha, futhi ngo-2005 uphawu lwesithathu lokusebenza lwenhlangano, idayimani ebomvu, yadalwa.

Uphawu lwesiphambano esibomvu sezokwelapha eMbusweni waseRussia

Inhlangano ye-Red Cross eMbusweni waseRussia yaqala ukusebenza kusukela ngo-1876 ngesisekelo seSiphambano sokuKhuliswa kweziPhambano zikaSisters of Mercy. Amalungu ayo agqoke ibheji ekhethekile ngendlela yesiphambano esibomvu ngesibonakaliso ngaphakathi.

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, bonke odokotela basezempi baqala ukusebenzisa umdwebo wesiphambano obomvu njengesibonakaliso esihlukile. Abahlengikazi abasebenza ezibhedlela zasensimini noma abagijimela ababalekile abalimele kusukela empini, esikhundleni sesibonakaliso, babegqoke isiphambano esibomvu esihlotshisiwe kwi-apron, i-head head or bandage bandage. Kwakukhona isiphambano esibomvu sezokwelapha ezimotweni nasezimotweni, lapho abalimele bezithunyelwa khona. Ungayibona ezakhiweni lapho izibhedlela zesikhashana zesikhashana zitholakala khona.

Umsuka wesibonakaliso semithi e-USSR

Ngemuva kwemibhikisho kaFebhuwari no-Okthoba, i-Red Cross yaqedwa, futhi impahla yayo yahlelwa izwe. Nokho, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, le nhlangano ibuyiselwe emalungelweni.

Kuwo wonke iMpi Yombango kanye naseminyakeni eyalandela, kwakuyi-Red Cross ekhuluma ngokuvimbela nokwelashwa kwesifo sofuba, i-typhus nezinye izifo, futhi yasiza abalambile ngawo-1920. Ngenxa yalokhu, uphawu lwabantu lwenhlangano lwaqala ukubonakala njengesiphambano sezokwelapha.

Kuze kube ngo-1938 e-USSR, i-Red Cross yenza imisebenzi yazo zonke izikhungo zezokwelapha nezokuvimbela, ngenkathi isinqumo seMkhandlu KaKhomishana Yabantu yonke impahla yale nhlangano ayingasetshenziswa futhi inikwe iziphathimandla zezempilo ezisemthethweni. Kanye nezibhedlela eziningi kanye ne-sanatoria (kuhlanganise ne-Artek eyaziwa kakhulu), ehlelwe yi-Red Cross, isiphambano sezokwelapha sanikezwa futhi. Kusukela kule nkathi, waqala ukudlala indima yokungena nje kuphela kwemithi yempi, kodwa futhi nayo yonke uhlelo lokunakekela impilo e-USSR.

Ngokuqhamuka kweMpi Yamazwe Omkhulu, uMnyango wezeMpilo we-USSR kanye neRed Cross bajoyina ukusiza amasosha phambi nabasemuva ngemuva. Zombili lezi zinhlangano zasebenzisa isiphambano esibomvu sempilo njengesibonakaliso esihlukile. Ngenxa yalokho, emva kokunqoba, lesi simboli sahlanganiswa nezakhamizi zase-USSR ngosizo lwezokwelapha. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-40, isiphambano esibomvu sisetshenziswe emabhokisini kanye nezixhobo zezibhedlela, izisebenzi zokuqala kanye nama-pharmacy.

Uphawu lwesiphambano obomvu namuhla

Ngemuva kokuwa kwe-USSR, amazwe amaningi e-CIS aqhubeka nokusebenzisa isiphambano obomvu njengoba isibonakaliso semithi, kodwa kusukela ngonyaka ka-2000, kancane kancane bayeke lesi siko, ngoba akukho emthethweni. Iqiniso liwukuthi uphawu lwesiphambano esinombala obomvu luyisakhiwo se-International Red Cross neRed Crescent Movement futhi sibonisa ukuhlinzekwa mahhala kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, kanye nenkonzo yezokwelapha yasensimini. Futhi izibhedlela eziningi zanamuhla ze-CIS zisebenza ngokugcwele noma ngokuyinhloko ezenzweni zezentengiselwano, eziphikisana nezimiso ezifanekisela lesi simpawu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiphambano esibomvu sidalwe njengesibonakaliso esivela odokotela empini, hhayi ekusetshenzisweni ngesikhathi sokuthula.

Ngokuphathelene nalokhu, ku-CIS namuhla, njengesimboli sezokwelapha, isitsha esinenyoka noma inkanyezi yaseMelika yokuphila kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Futhi isevisi yezokwelapha yezempi yaseRussia Federation, kusukela ngo-2005, iye yakha umfanekiso wayo obomvu isiphambano esibomvu nesitsha enenyoka phakathi.

Namuhla, isiphambano esibomvu sezokwelapha siyanyamalala kancane kancane esikhathini esidlule njengophawu lwezempilo ku-CIS. Ngifuna ukukholelwa ukuthi zonke lezo zimiso azifanela zizohlala zihambisana nabasebenzi bezempilo esikhathini esizayo.