Iso lomuntu elimangalisayo: isakhiwo nemisebenzi

Iso lomuntu ozobheka esihlokweni salesi sihloko akulona izelele uma kuqhathaniswa nesibuko somphefumulo! Mayelana nobuhle babo, esikhathini esidlule, izigidi ze-odes, izinkondlo kanye nezinganekwane zakhiwe. Kusukela ekhulwini leminyaka kuya kwekhulu, amehlo abhekwa njengengenakulinganiswa exhunywe nomphefumulo womuntu. Ngisho nososayensi abahloniphekile kunazo zonke abazazi ngokwabo ukuthi umbono wethu ungubani, musa ukumangala ngaye kuze kube yilolu suku, ebiza le ndlela ukuba isimangaliso sangempela semvelo!

Iso lomuntu. Isakhiwo

Amehlo ethu avame ukufaniswa nekhamera. Futhi ngempela: kune-casing (i-cornea yeso), ne-lens (i-lens yayo), ne-diaphragm (iris), ngisho nefilimu enezithombe (i-retina yeso). Isakhiwo seso lomuntu, isibalo salokho esihlanganisiwe, sisitshela ngalokhu okulandelayo.

Ngaphandle iso leso lethu linomumo ongavamile webhola. Ifihliwe ngokuphepha emasokweni enhlobonhlobo e-skull. Isidumbu ngokwayo siqukethe izingxenye ezisizayo (izitho ezinobungozi, izinkophelo, ama-conjunctiva, imisipha ye-oculomotor) kanye nezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi i-optical apparatus (umswakama wamanzi, i-cornea, i- vitreous, i- lens, i-posterior ne-inner chamber).

Iso lendoda enesakhiwo sayo esinamandla kunazozonke ihlanganiswa amajwabu angaphansi nangaphezulu. Ngaphandle, zimbozwe ngesikhumba, futhi ngaphakathi-conjunctiva (ingubo enamanzi enhle kakhulu). Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi yizinkophelo eziqukethe izigulane ezikhethekile zokuhlambalaza iso lokugcoba.

Igobolondo langaphandle lesiso

Kuyinto okuthiwa i-sclera (i-protein ye-iso), ingxenye engaphambili yayo ebonakalayo ngokuhlangana okubonakalayo. I-sclera idlula ngaphakathi kwe-cornea, ngaphandle kwayo okungabikho iso lomuntu elikhona.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-cornea

Lona yingxenye evelele kunazo zonke yelungu lethu elibukwayo. Ngokomfanekiso, lena "lensi" yethu, iwindi lethu libe izwe lezinzwa ezibukwayo!

Iris

Lona uhlobo lwe-diaphragm, elitholakala ngemuva kwe-cornea ebonakalayo. Ngaphandle ifilimu encane encane, enombala othize (obomvu, ompunga, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ohlaza, njll).

Umfundi

Esikhathini salo kungumgodi omnyama omnyama. Lona umfundi. Kungenxa yokuthi wonke ama-ray adlula afinyelela ku-retina. Endaweni yomfundi yileli lensi. Lona uhlobo lensimbi ye-biconvex ethatha ingxenye esebenzayo lapho kuhlala khona iso.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-retina yomuntu

Ngokweqile, lifana kakhulu nobuchopho bethu. Ekhuluma ngendlela engokomfanekiso, lena uhlobo lwamafasitela ebuchosheni. Ngaphandle lifana neplate elinezingxenye eziyishumi zamaseli. I-retina yeso isobala. Yiqiniso, isendlalelo sakhe esibaluleke kunazo zonke ama-photoreceptors, afaka phakathi okuthiwa ama-cones namathanga.

Ama-cones anesibopho sokubona kombono wethu kude, futhi izinti zihlinzekela i-periphery. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi zombili izigaxa kanye namathanga kukhona ngemuva kwe-retina. Ngakho-ke, ukukhanya okuvela ngaphandle, kumele ukuthi kudlula ezinye izendlalelo ezibagqugquzelayo.

Futhi ekugcineni

Ukwakhiwa kweso lethu kunzima kakhulu, futhi isitho sinesibhakabhaka kanye nethenda ukuthi inqubo yokubukeka ngokwayo ayilona nje isimangaliso sangempela!