Kuboshwe umfundi - Iyini? Incazelo, isakhiwo, imisebenzi kanye nezici. ukuphendula pupillary nokukhanya

Uma nje isikhashana uvale amehlo akho bese uzama ukuphila ebumnyameni, uqala ukuba baqonde indlela okubaluleke ngayo ukuba umbono womuntu. Yiziphi abantu olungenakuzisiza abaye balahlekelwa ikhono lazo ukubona. Futhi uma amehlo - nesibuko komphefumulo, umfundi - lena ifasitela yethu emhlabeni.

Isakhiwo iso

Umzimba womuntu kuba isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi-optical. Inhloso Its main - ukuze uthumele izithombe ngokusebenzisa emsipheni optic kuya ebuchosheni.

I inhlamvu yeso kokuba ukuma indilinga, Itholakala ku-orbit futhi has amajazi ezintathu: lunemicu futhi vasculature ngwengwzi. Ngaphakathi kuwo kukhona amahlaya aqueous, lens nomzimba Vitreous.

ingxenye White we inhlamvu yeso imbozwe mucosa (sclera). Front ingxenye esobala ngokuthi i-cornea, kuyinto lens optical inamandla amakhulu yezokubona. Ngaphansi kuba iris ukuthi wenza umsebenzi diaphragm.

Yokucucuza ukukhanya kubonakala ebusweni into ewela kuqala kwi-cornea kanye refracted, sidlula Umfundi lens, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi lens biconvex bese engena uhlelo optical esweni.

Iphuzu olandelayo sisendleleni yesithombe womuntu ebonakalayo - retina. Kuyinto igobolondo amangqamuzana nozwelo ukukhanya yilezi: cone nama-rod. Retin ihlanganisa ebusweni engaphakathi kwamehlo yezinzwa ngokusebenzisa emsipheni optic okuhambisa ulwazi ebuchosheni. Lapha kulapho kukhona bezibona ezilinganiselwe nokuqaphela ayekubona.

Umfundi umsebenzi

Kukhona isisho ethandwa abantu, "babazisa ke," kodwa bambalwa abantu namuhla ukwazi ukuthi apula ibizwa ngokuthi umfundi ezinsukwini zakudala. Le nkulumo isetshenziswa kudala futhi imibukiso engcono nendlela okufanele sibaphathe ngayo amehlo ethu - njengoba eyigugu kakhulu futhi kuyabiza.

Umfundi womuntu ilawulwa imisipha amabili: sphincter futhi dilator. Basuke iphethwe yi- ezahlukene amaqembu emsipheni okuqondene izinhlelo nozwela futhi parasympathetic.

Kuboshwe umfundi - kuba, eqinisweni, kunesikhala lapho ukukhanya kungena retina. Uthatha isinyathelo njengendlela Regulator, tapering ekukhanyeni okugqamile futhi eyandisa e ukuntula kwayo. Ngakho, umfundi we iso ivikela retina ukusha futhi kuthuthukisa acuity ezibukwayo.

mydriasis

Akusho yakhona, lapho umuntu uye wanda umfundi? It kuxhomeke ezicini eziningana. In imvelo yezokwelapha, into enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi mydriasis.

It kuvela ukuthi hhayi kuphela abafundi basabela ukukhanya. ukunwetshwa zabo kungenziwa esibangelwa isimo ujabule ngokomzwelo: isithakazelo esinamandla (kuhlanganise ngokobulili), ithabo, ubuhlungu babulawa noma ukwesaba.

Ngemva kokucabangela lezi zici ezingenhla kubangele mydriasis yemvelo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa acuity ezibukwayo kanye nezempilo iso. Njengomthetho, isimo okunjalo Umfundi sihamba ngokushesha, uma ngemuva ngokomzwelo kuza emuva evamile.

Mydriasis mkhuba nobuntu ntu e ukudakwa utshwala noma isidakamizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafundi osuke usuvulekile ngokuvamile abonisa ubuthi ezinkulu, njengalezo botulism.

mydriasis sokugembula ngokuvamile kubonakala iziguli ezine kuhlasimulise nokulimala engqondweni. Ilokhu abafundi osuke usuvulekile ibonisa umuntu enezinto eziningi izifo kunokwenzeka:

• ukufiphala;
• migraine;
• ukukhubazeka we emsipheni oculomotor ;
• encephalopathy;
• ukungasebenzi yegilo;
• Eddie syndrome.

Abantu abaningi bayazi kusuka amabhayisikobho eyethile ambulensi odokotela lokuqala zonke wahlola amehlo. pupillary asabela ngayo ukukhanya, kanye nobukhulu bazo ongamtshela odokotela eziningi. A ukwanda kancane libonisa nokuquleka engajulile, kuyilapho "ingilazi", cishe amehlo amnyama-signal usesimweni esibucayi kakhulu.

corestenoma

Umfundi ngokungenangqondo constricted - isimo lo mydriasis reverse. Bamehlo ukuyibiza miosis. Lokhu ukuphambuka Ubuye ngenxa yezizathu eziningana, kungase kungenangozi isici ezibukwayo, kodwa ngokuvamile kuba isizathu kumele ubonane nodokotela masinyane.

Ochwepheshe ukuhlukanisa eziningana izinhlobo mioza:

1. Functional, lapho ukuvaleka kungenxa azifele, ezifana ukukhanyisa abampofu, isimo ubuthongo, usana noma ukuguga, hyperopia, ngenxa yokusebenza ngokweqile.
2. miosis Nemithi - reception yi amalungiselelo okuyinto, ngaphezu umsebenzi eyisisekelo, inethonya ukusebenza kwemisipha iso.
3. Kofé uhlangothi - libhekene ukungabakhathaleli nhlobo noma ngokwengxenye motor ikhono dilator.
4. Miosis ukucasuka - ugcinwe spasm we sphincter. Ngokuvamile ezitholakala izimila ebuchosheni, meningitis, encephalitis, kanye kubantu abaphethwe yi-multiple sclerosis ne-isithuthwane.
5. amajaqamba Syphilitic - kungenzeka nganoma isiphi nesigaba lesi sifo, nakuba ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi kukalutshwana kakhulu.

anisocoria

Ngokwezibalo, wonke umuntu yesihlanu Emhlabeni abafundi letingemasayizi lahlukene. Lokhu asymmetry libizwa anisocoria. Ezimweni eziningi, Ukwehluka azinakwa futhi ibonakale ophthalmologist kuphela, kodwa kwezinye umehluko kungabonwa ngeso lenyama. WokuLawula pupillary ubukhulu ngalesi ethile asynchronously, futhi kwezinye izimo ubukhulu kuyahlukahluka kuphela kwelinye iso, kuyilapho omunye uhlala umile.

Anisocoria kungaba kokubili zenani elikhulu eziyifa kanye kuluthola. Esimweni sokuqala, isakhiwo esweni enjalo kungenxa zofuzo, okwesibili - yokulimala noma ezinye izifo.

Abafundi bakwa-diameters ezahlukene zitholakala kubantu abaphethwe izifo ezifana:

• ukulimala kwenzwa optic;
• useshonile;
• okulimala ebuchosheni;
• ukuvuvukala;
• izifo zezinzwa.

Policoro

Umfundi Dual - ifomu ezingavamile iso kwezinso. Lo mphumela esingokwemvelo ngokuthi POLYCOR, libhekene ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kwelinye abafundi iris.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-yalesi sifo: zamanga futhi kuyiqiniso. inketho Amanga kusho ukuthi umfundi ivaliwe ulwelwesi non-nombala, futhi kubonakala sengathi izimbobo ambalwa. Kulokhu, asabela ngayo ukukhanya elikhona eyodwa kuphela.

POLYCOR True elihlobene ne-pathology lendebe optic. Ubujamo abafundi akuyona round njalo, kukhona izimbobo ngesimo okweqanda, iconsi, kakhiye. Indlela Abasabela Ngayo ukukhanya, nakuba ayengafiki sho kukhona ngamunye kubo.

Abantu nale zokugula uzizwe ukungakhululeki eside, iso engaphelele ubona zimbi kakhulu kunokuvamile. Uma isibalo sabafundi sinyukile mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 3, zinjalo mikhulu (2 mm noma ngaphezulu), ingane kuze kube unyaka, kungenzeka ubambe ukuhlinzwa. Abadala ukhombe egqoke contact lens zokulungisa.

izici yobudala

Omama abaningi abasha ngokuvamile uqaphela ukuthi ingane osuke usuvulekile abafundi. Kufanele Ngibuza ngoba nalesi siphithiphithi? Ezimweni gqwa - akuzona eziyingozi, kungadalwa ukukhanyisa abampofu egumbini kanye nezici abangothathekile isimiso sezinzwa. Ukubona ithoyizi enhle noma ethukile ngu Barmaley esinyantisayo ingane ibuyisele ukunweba abafundi, okuzothi maduzane, zibuyele kokujwayelekile futhi.

Uma lesi simo kwenzeka njalo - Yisikhathi ikhalise i-alamu futhi afune usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo. Lokhu kungase kubonise izifo esithinta izinzwa, kanye nokubonisana extra nge onguchwepheshe akuyona ncamashi ubuhlungu.

pupillary ususwe ukushintshwa ukukhanya ngeminyaka. Ngo intsha, kukhona isandiso esiphezulu kungenzeka, njengoba kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala, okuyinto njalo abafundi constricted - okuhlukile evamile.