Ukubalwa isikulufa yinqwaba isisekelo. Indlela yokwenza ukubala efanele umthwalo?

Sekuyisikhathi eside imfihlo ukuthi base ukukhethwa endlini futhi izinga ukwakhiwa ziyonquma ukuphila kanye lula ukuphila kuwo. Bala yinqwaba isikulufa isisekelo kumelwe abe ngisho at esigabeni design, ngoba ngaphandle kwalolu lwazi akunakwenzeka ukulungiselela izindleko izilinganiso, ukuthenga amathuluzi nezimpahla.

umklamo Izici

Metal isikulufa yinqwaba isisekelo ngenxa yizinhlobonhlobo yabo ngiyithole ukusetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi onjiniyela.

Ngakho iziphi izici yinqwaba?

• Design. Lokhu ipayipi eziphothene iphuzu abukhali lapho izindwani basuke eziphothene ngesimo nesikulufu - uvala isici oluvimbela inqwaba uma wokuphakanyiswa dengwane esihlalweni sayo, stably ubambe wonke wokwakha.
• Ukufakwa. Ukufakwa kwenziwa ukulawula okucacile ipayipi mpo, ekhiqizwa athutha noma ngesandla. Uhlelo oluyisisekelo oluthi imfuneko - ukuzinza imishini kwenzeka ngaphambi ungqimba inhlabathi. yinqwaba screwing wenza noma yini isikhathi sonyaka nasemvuleni.

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza ezinomthelela ukubala

Ukubalwa isikulufa yinqwaba isisekelo zidinga ukunquma umthwalo Imininingwane phezu kwesisekelo sendlu, esakhiwa:

1. ukwakhiwa iMisa ukukhwezwa esisekelweni. Uma kuhlelelwa isisindo ekhaya value ebalisisiwe, it is kunqunywa impahla babeka phansi design.
2. umthwalo engeziwe, okubandakanya iqhwa, ifenisha, izinto nabantu. Ulwazi ekubalweni imithwalo esisekelweni kungenziwa othathwe iziqondiso evunyiwe SNIP 2.01.07-85 inombolo. Inkokhelo ifomu zabantu futhi ifenisha uthole i isilinganiso 150 kg m ^{2 ngalinye.}
3. Inhlabathi kwabantu. Ukuze ubone ukuthi idingekile ukuze ubunjiniyela nocwaningo geodetic, kusukela ngaphandle misebenzi into aluphumeleli luhlolo isimo. Ukubala wenziwa ngokuhambisana SNIP 2.02.03-85 inombolo.
   Ukuze ukwakhiwa ngokukhethekile kwezindlu kuze 3 phansi futhi ongenza ucwaningo bebodwa.

Ngemva ekubalweni imithwalo okuzisholo kufanele inake iphuzu lokuphepha 1.2.

izinhlobo yinqwaba

Ukubala of engaphansi isikulufa yinqwaba ngoba indlu akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kuqala ngokukhetha uhlobo yabo. usayizi ngamunye ibalwa uhlobo oluthile lwento yakhiwa.

Kukhethwa obuphelele incike:

• horizontality isayithi ukwakhiwa, uma kukhona umehluko omkhulu ukuphakama, kungenzeka ukuba ukhethe yinqwaba anobude obungalingani.
• Imvelo kwenhlabathi. ukufakwa Esinokwethenjelwa kuhilela screwing kuya phansi uzinze futhi ngezansi ezingeni inhlabathi okokuqandisa ngu 25 ÷ 40 cm. Water Wheel le ngxenye akufanele babalekele endaweni ephakeme kuka-1500 mm.

Ubude zilandele izilinganiso ezithile:

• Elifingqiwe: 1.65 ÷ 2.5 m.
• Long: 11.5 m (500 mm iphimbo).

Ibala inani isikulufa yinqwaba isisekelo: Izigaba

Uzodinga:

• indawo uhlelo ngezinga elingelikhulu lapho ukusebenzisa isisekelo kuhlelwe nge emigqeni isikhungo.
• Snephela zokuxhumana imigqa: Sewer amapayipi okuvela emakamelweni sanitary ikhishi, nge Ukufanisa diameters.
• Ngemiphumela yocwaningo be-Geotechnical.

Indawo:

• ukwesekwa iphuzu ukwakhiwa engasindi noma Cottages - Single.
• ilungiselelo uchungechunge nge isinyathelo esithile - Tape.
• Cousteau - amakhaya enzima ngodonga multiple futhi phansi kwethanga ngalinye ukwakha ngohlaka lwensimbi.

Ukubalwa isikulufa yinqwaba isisekelo Kwenziwa ikhumbula izici ukuhlela:

• Ibanga phakathi amaphuzu ukwesekwa kufanele okungenani 2500 mm.
• Inqwaba kufanele afakwe lapho imithwalo isiqongo ukuthi basuke bagxila maphakathi empambana imigqa perpendicular, okuyilezi:

1. Ezingosini lesi sakhiwo.
2. Eslphambanweni umthwalo esindayo izindonga ngodonga.
3. izisekelo Lesisemkhatsini kumele ukufakwa ngokulinganayo, kubandakanya ukwakhiwa ngokuphambeneyo eziyisisekelo amaseli.
4. Usayizi futhi enqwabelanisa izindwani kunqunywa kuye ngohlobo lomthwalo nomhlabathi izimo.

Ithonya inhlabathi ukubala

Kungakhathaliseki esikhethiwe isikulufa yinqwaba ngoba isisekelo, ukubala umthwalo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ukuzimisela umthamo eziveza kwenhlabathi. Ngakho, awusebenzi njalo primer kudingekile washayelwa ukuthi ukumelana ngaphandle kucwila isakhiwo.

Okubalulekile! Inqwaba ekhethiwe akufanele sidlule umthwalo samelana emhlabathini.

Sokunquma amandla eziveza inhlabathi is kuqala kunqunywa inhlabathi Ukwakheka bese kuqhathaniswa ne izici inikezwe ethebuleni.

Ukuze abale yinqwaba isikulufa isisekelo ukuze kunqunywe enhlabathini:

• Isihlabathi ingxenyenamba esikhulu: 2,5 ÷ 5 mm komunye wokusanhlamvu 2 mm - ophansi. It akashintshi lingakanani.
• loam Sandy etholwe ngokuxuba isihlabathi nge lincane (10%) ka oluthambile.
• Uma okuqukethwe ubumba 30%, poluchetsya loam. Lapho ingxube emanzi singazange sande, futhi kungenziwa usongwa ibe ibhola, kodwa lapho ngokucindezela imifantu.
• Uma yinhlama olumanzi inhlabathi akusho wavele at ingcindezi futhi plastically ochotshoziwe, ubumba Ukwakheka ephakeme kunaleyo 30%.

Nakani! Lapho okuqukethwe ubumba - ayanda inhlabathi ukuvuvukala.

• Peat - ezithambile kanye Airy isakhiwo aluhileli incurring imithwalo.

Indawo engalapho komhlaba kanye ukumelana namanzi degree kunqunywa Drilling imithombo ku ukwehlisa ukujula inqwaba. Uma njalo umgodi kwakhiwa amanzi, saturation umswakama senzeka ne yokusondelana kwezindawo yamanzi.

yinqwaba Intulo isisekelo: Izibuyekezo ikhasimende

Uphenyo yinqwaba incike lapho ikhasimende uthenge khona lo mkhiqizo, njengoba abaningi esekhala yokukhiqiza Akakwazanga, kubandakanya abampofu ukuphathwa anticorrosion. umklamo Wancoma ezimweni eziningi, abanikazi izindlu nenhlabathi eziyinkimbinkimbi ayegcwele, njengoba inqwaba kule ndawo - ifomu eshibhe futhi onokwethenjelwa kunayo yonke base. Futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana ukufakwa isivinini kanye izinga okusezingeni izakhiwo ezinjalo ngo yimuphi sezulu, nanti iphuzu plus, onjiniyela abaningi.

esewonke

Sebenzisa inqwaba njengoba isisekelo ukwakhiwa noma cha - obujabulisayo buxhomeke ikakhulukazi ekubeni indawo ukufakwa izimo. Ulwazi imithetho ukubala kanye imithombo yedatha, kuyinto efiselekayo ngisho nalapho ukubala wenziwa inkampani ukwakhiwa.