Okubizela emakethe yezabasebenzi. emakethe yezabasebenzi wanamuhla kanye nezici zayo

Omunye izingxenye eyisisekelo emnothweni yesimanje kuwo wonke amazwe kuyinto emakethe yezabasebenzi. Kunzima ukubukela phansi indima yalesi indlela, ngoba nencazelo yalo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi zezigidi zabantu ukuthengisa yomshikashika wabo, ukuthola izimali ezikhona, futhi izigidi amabhizinisi - badinga nobhoko msebenzi. Yilokho etimakethe idinga kwasekuqaleni. Yingakho ukwazi essence yayo, ukubaluleka kanye izici ezidingekayo hhayi kuphela zezomnotho nabanikazi izinkampani ezinkulu, kodwa ngokuphelele bonke abantu.

Umqondo emakethe yezabasebenzi

Emkhakheni wezabasebenzi - it is a platform lapho ahlangane ungene ikontraga umqashi kanye yilowo obefuna umsebenzi. Kusinda isimiso budlelwano lobuzuzisa, zenhlalo nezomnotho, phakathi izinhlangano ezimbili.

Enye uhlangothi ikontraga - umuntu odinga emisebenzini. Enye - lena ngokuvamile umuntu osemthethweni noma yemvelo odinga abasebenzi professional noma ukusebenza, futhi elikwaziyo basebenzise isicelo.

Njenganoma iyiphi enye emakethe, kukhona umkhiqizo - kuwumsebenzi. A obefuna umsebenzi, izenzo umdayisi yolwazi lwabo, isikhathi, namakhono. Futhi ufuna ukukuthola impahla amaholo ngo ifomu inkokhelo.

izakhi emakethe

izakhi emakethe yilezi:

• isicelo kanye umqashi;
• kwaneliswe isidingo, isilinganiso sabo;
• nemithetho mshini wezenzo yemakethe;
• izinhlangano inkonzo umsebenzi;
• sokufundela amasevisi isiqondiso, ibhizinisi ukuthuthukisa amakghono wabasebenzi;
• ukuhlela umsebenzi wesikhashana (umsebenzi ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, umsebenzi ekhaya, njll ...);
• uhlelo lukahulumeni nokuxhasa ngezimali izakhamuzi abalahlekelwa yimisebenzi ukunciphisa, komunye umsebenzi noma umane abangasebenzi.

abafuna umsebenzi kanye nabaqashi njengoba izikhonzi emakethe

Ukhetho emakethe yezabasebenzi amaqembu elandelayo izakhamuzi enamandla:

• izakhamuzi abangenayo umsebenzi futhi ufuna ukuthola umsebenzi ngesikhathi esifanayo; angase abhekane, baye kuthathwe accounting isikhungo umsebenzi, noma abantu nje ngifuna indawo yabo yomsebenzi;
• abantu abasebenza, kodwa abafuna ukushintsha indawo yabo yomsebenzi, nganoma isiphi isizathu, ukuze ukhethe elinye isikhundla;
• izakhamuzi enamandla kukhona sisonqenqemeni ukuxoshwa.

Umqashi kule makethe kungaba:

• izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokubusa ngesimiso amabhizinisi kanye nezinhlangano (izinhlangano ezingokomthetho);
• osomabhizinisi ngabanye (abantu).

imisebenzi emakethe

Okubizela etimakethe - kulula ukukuqonda, kokucubungula imisebenzi yayo esemqoka nemisebenzi ezisuka kusukela ke. Ngakho, injongo eyinhloko lokhu mshini inhlangano umsebenzi wasikhathi izidingo esikhathini izisebenzi e amabhizinisi kanye nezinhlangano.

Imakethe umbuzo, ephumelelisa lokhu ngosizo imisebenzi elandelayo kwenziwe:

• ukuhlela imihlangano emkhatsini izinkampani kanye abafuna umsebenzi;
• ukuhlinzeka ukuncintisana okunempilo phakathi abahlanganyeli emakethe;
• ravnovesomyh ukusungula amazinga amaholo.

Imakethe yinqubo ukuxoxisana nekusayina yesivumelwano ukuthengwa nokudayiswa bokusebenza komuntu emigomeni ezosiza. A indlela lezidlo ezinamafutha akahle kusiza ukukhulisa ukusetshenziswa ezuzisayo bezikhali ukuqashwa kwabantu, okusho ukuthi ezingeni Macro ku black umnotho. emakethe yezabasebenzi, Ngakho-ke, yenza ukulawula umsebenzi.

Sibheka ngokuningiliziwe emakethe yezabasebenzi, umqondo kanye umsebenzi lwawo, izingalo eziyikhulu ungacela ngalokho kunomthelela ukubukeka kwayo kuleli zwe futhi yini isimo sakhe namuhla.

izimfanelo Economic kumiswa emakethe yezabasebenzi

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini okudingeka emakethe yezabasebenzi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kwakhiwa it is kunoma yiliphi izwe kwasekuqaleni nge obhekwe ezizathwini kwezomnotho. Lawa:

• Ukuxegiswa yonke imikhakha yezomnotho. essence yayo itholakala ilungelo impahla yangasese izindlela zokukhiqiza kanye ukutholakala izwe yabo.
• Ukuhlonishwa inkululeko yomuntu yokuzikhethela professional, uhlelo labour. Okusho ukuthi, ngamunye anganquma kanjani futhi kuphi ukusebenza kanzima sebelahlekelwe yini nokuthi isebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuleli zwe unqabela izenzo ophoqelelwe, ngaphandle nje kokuthi kwakuyoba isijeziso kwabalelwa ubulungiswa.
• ibhizinisi Mahhala njengoba ngomsebenzi. Wonke umuntu kuleli zwe bebodwa noma neqembu abantu unelungelo ukuvula okwabo.

Ngakho, ukwakheka kanye ukusebenza emakethe yezabasebenzi kuthinta umnotho. Emakethe yezabasebenzi ayikwazi kwakheka ngaphandle-ke.

Izimo zempilo nenhlalo yezindawo kumiswa emakethe

Ukuze ukwakheka emakethe yezabasebenzi, ngaphezu izici kwezomnotho, ingemuva ezidingekayo futhi lwezenhlalo, okuyinto kumiswa ukungalingani ngokuya engenayo, ubude isevisi kanye neziqu umsebenzi, degree of impilo kanye izinga lemfundo phakathi kwabantu. Futhi, umehluko amakhono engqondo nobuntu (amandla, amandla, ngakho charm. D.).

Lolu hlobo ekungalinganini emphakathini kumelwe silinganiswe iziphathimandla zomphakathi ngosizo izinhlelo yombuso kanye kamasipala ukuvikela labantu uma elahlekelwe umsebenzi, umhlalaphansi ngenxa yesimo, ngokuxhasa imikhaya ehola kancane, futhi umshuwalense wezempilo.

izimfanelo Legal for kumiswa emakethe yezabasebenzi

Ukuze izimfanelo ezingokomthetho ngu esiyingxenye yokusikwa indlela yayo ukusebenza emakethe, imithetho kanye oda uhulumeni, uyakwazi ukuvikela abantu ngokomnotho nangokwenhlalo, igxile lungelo nenkululeko. Esikhathini Russian Federation, isibonelo, lezo:

• RF uMthethosisekelo, Art. 7, okuyinto yathi iRussia - isimo kwezenhlalo, okuyinto ihlose ukwakha nemibandela ukuphila okuhloniphekile nokuthuthukiswa khulula abantu.
• Labor Ikhodi, okuyinto efakwe futhi wachaza imithetho lokugada nekulawulwa zabasebenzi.
• I Civil Code, okuyinto uchaza amafomu wezomthetho zebhizinisi.
• inombolo Law 10321 "Ngo yokuqatjhwa Russian Federation" futhi zoMthetho Federal № 207-FZ "Ngo Izinkontileka ngekubambisana kanye Izivumelwano", zoMthetho Federal № 10-FZ "Ngo Trade Unions, Amalungelo abo futhi iziqiniseko" nabanye.

Kwaneliswe isidingo emakethe yezabasebenzi

Kusukela izincazelo emkhakheni wezabasebenzi kanye nekuchaza izikhonzi zawo, kuyacaca ukuthi leli washi kusekelwe imiqondo kwezomnotho ezifana ukunikezela funa. Demand - ukutholakala kwezikhala, libonisa ubukhulu emakethe. Isiphakamiso - yinani labantu abangasebenziko abakulungele ukuthengisa yomshikashika wabo umqashi. Ngiyiphi inarha lapha ngeke zihlelekile, futhi yini okungenzeka yaba kumandla, ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo emakethe yezabasebenzi njalo kuyoba khona. Bona iyashiyana ngesikhathi izici zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.

Ngakho, isidingo emakethe yezabasebenzi kuncike ngokuyinhloko ezingeni inkokhelo. uxhumano wakhe ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, ne umncintiswano esipheleleyo inhlukanozigaba ukuba intengo zomsebenzi. Futhi ezingeni ukufunwa kuthintwa namanye amaqiniso kwezomnotho, ezifana, isibonelo, ukufunwa izimpahla ezikhiqizwa yinkampani, lizinga imishini kwezobuchwepheshe noma intengo inhlokodolobha inkampani.

Ukunikeza umsebenzi ofanayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuqondile wakhona inkokhelo. Okusho ukuthi, uma inkokhelo, kubhebhetseka kweludvweshu, isibalo sabantu uzimisele futhi uyakwazi ukuthengisa amakhono abo kulolu value.

On supply zabasebenzi, ngaphezu inkokhelo badukiswa ntshashintshe isibalo sabasebenzi yobudala labantu, namahora enikelwe ukusebenza izici ngelanga, iviki, ngonyaka, professional kanye ziqu uquqaba ukukhandleka.

Kwaneliswe isidingo kumandla izimo ifomu emakethe. Yena-ke okungu zabo ezahlukene kungenzeka kanje:

• ukuntuleka zomsebenzi (emakethe ihlangabezana ukusweleka zomsebenzi);
• nge babutha zomsebenzi (emakethe yezabasebenzi ugcwele iziphakamiso);
• olinganiselayo (kwaneliswe isidingo zilingana).

umthelela subjective futhi inhloso on ukusebenza ezimakethe zabasebenzi

Ngokungangabazeki, isimo ungakwazi ukulawula indlela ye wezabasebenzi ukusebenza. Lesi senzo kungenziwa wayenethonya emazingeni ehlukene kahulumeni:

• umthetho kahulumeni (alawule ku ezingeni likazwelonke);
• zesifunda noma zendawo (local ukuba kumandla emsebenzi isiqondiso ngokuvumelana ngokucacile zabo).

Umthelela emakethe yezabasebenzi kungase kudingeke izinhlangano zomphakathi, ezifana zabasebenzi.

Kodwa hhayi kuphela ezindabeni subjective wesi emisebenzini futhi abangasebenzi kuncike kanjani ezosebenza emakethe yezabasebenzi. Kwaneliswe isidingo emakethe yezabasebenzi, yebo, futhi badlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo. Futhi-ke ithonya yabo izimele sentando umbono wabantu, njengoba kuyoba ngokohlelo lweSitatimende imithetho kwezomnotho. Lokho ukuba inhloso.

imodeli wezabasebenzi

Yini kungaba emakethe yezabasebenzi? Ukwahlukanisa izimakethe kungaba kanje:

• kuncike degree of umncintiswano (ngokugcwele yokuncintisana emakethe monopsony emakethe);
• kuncike izici isimo (imodeli Japanese, imodeli US, imodeli Swedish).

yokuncintisana ngokugcwele - kuyinto emakethe yezabasebenzi, okuhlanganisa inombolo enkulu izinkampani kanye nezinhlangano, ukuncintisana nomunye, kanye eziningi abasebenzi abeza ngxabano nomunye. Kulesi imodeli, emakethe yezabasebenzi noma inkampani, noma abasebenzi cha bizela izimo lalo.

Monopsony - a emakethe yezabasebenzi okungukuthi esinakho ingxenye omunye abathengi zomsebenzi. Kulesi imodeli, kususe cishe bonke abasebenzi bekwi ibhizinisi efanayo, ngaphandle ukukhetha. Ngenxa yalokho, inkampani abizele imithetho yayo siqu, kuhlanganise amasethi inkokhelo. Lokhu imodeli ejwayelekile emadolobheni amancane lapho omunye isitshalo enkulu noma nhlangano esebenza ngayo.

Imodeli Japanese of emakethe yezabasebenzi elinesimo simiso esaphila umsebenzi, okungukuthi, umsebenzi asebenza endaweni efanayo kuze kokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Noma kunjalo umvuzo wakhe nezinzuzo zezenhlalo encike ngqo kwi ubude inkonzo. Ukuqeqesha nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi ukuthatha kwenzeka njengoba kwakuhleliwe. Uma inhlangano yakho idinga ukuba sifeze ukunciphisa, abasebenzi kungukuthi usedilize, kodwa umane sidluliselwe short ngosuku obekusetshenzwa ngalo.

At inhliziyo US imodeli wezabasebenzi wabeka umthetho ekuhlukanisweni ngokuya umsebenzi futhi abangasebenzi. isimo ngasinye usebenzisa imithetho yayo siqu. Ezinhlanganweni kukhona isiyalo esiqinile futhi sengqondo abangathembeki maqondana nabasebenzi. Inqubekela phambili ayikho ngaphakathi enkampanini, kodwa ngokuyeka enye inkampani. Izinga lokungasebenzi, uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe e Melika kuphezulu kakhulu. Lokho kumandla US, futhi izimbangela abangasebenzi zihlobene izici zayo.

I-Swedish imodeli wezabasebenzi izici nethonya elikhulu esimweni ku kwenkululeko umsebenzi. Lapha, ubuncani sabantu abangasebenzi ngezithukuthuku izixwayiso zakhe.

Imininingwane emakethe yezabasebenzi

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kumandla yesimanje kanye nezici zayo ezweni ngalinye, kwisifunda ngasinye, futhi ngisho esigodini ngasinye ezahlukene. Kodwa isici esiyinhloko zonke izimakethe ukuthi isihloko sale zabasebenzi. Iqiniso lokuthi umthengisi futhi izimpahla azikwazi bahlukana, kanye lokuthi umkhiqizo wona akunakwenzeka ukugcina lapho ayidingeki.

I ngokucacile lezi izimakethe kuyinto ukungakwazi ukusungula amaholo ngezansi isimo ecacisiwe.

Okubizela etimakethe - kulula ukukuqonda, kokucubungula umqondo walo, imigomo, onobuhle nekucabangela zenzeka. Ngokuvamile singasho ukuthi ngesisekelo emnothweni emakethe. Ngakho, ke uyakwazi ukuba zilawule imithetho yayo.