Ushukela egazini 10, yini okufanele uyenze? Izinga likashukela egazini: evamile

Isifo sikashukela, i- AIDS nomdlavuza ziphakathi kwezifo eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, zivame ukusabalalisa. Kulezi zifo ezintathu ezibalwe, isifo sikashukela sincane kakhulu.

Ukuthola isifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi uhlobo I, kulula. Uma unomlomo owomile okokuqala futhi unomile wamahora angu-24, kufanele uqale ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukunquma "ushukela - okujwayelekile" kusho ukuthi i-glucose yakho iphakathi kuka 3.3-5.5 mmol / l ngakho-ke imbangela yalesi simo ihlukile.

Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela kanye nokwahlukana phakathi kwabo

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukela. Banesifo esithile esifanayo, kodwa basebenzisa indlela yokwelashwa ehlukile, okuyiyo yonke into yesifo sikashukela okufanele iyiqonde.

I-Type I yesifo sikashukela iqala lapho i-insulin egazini enganele noma engekho ngokuphelele. Le hormone ifihliwe yi-β-amaseli we-pancreas (iziqhingi zaseLangerhans) futhi iqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-glucose (ushukela) kusuka egazini ukuya emangqamuzaneni. Uma kungenjalo ngokwanele noma cha, ushukela oza nokudla alinakunyiswa ngokugcwele ngamaseli futhi luhamba ngokweqile, okugcina luholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela luya ikakhulu kubantu abasha nezingane. Kunezizathu eziningi zokwenzeka kwalo, kodwa okubaluleke kunazo zonke ukutheleleka ngegciwane, ukutholakala kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nokwelashwa okuzenzakalelayo.

I-Type II yesifo sikashukela iqala lapho i-insulini egazini yanele, kodwa amangqamuzana ayiboni. Kuthuthukiswa okuthiwa ukumelana ne-insulin. Inkinga ifihliwe ebusweni bendwangu yeselula, lapho kukhona amaprotheni athile - i-transporter ye-glucose esitokisini. Uma le ngxenye ingaphenduki i-insulini, ngeke ikwazi ukudlulisa ushukela ngokugcwele.

Izindlela zokuhlolwa kwegazi kubantu abadala kanye ne-glucose

Izinga likashukela liyigugu njalo. Uhluka kancane kuye ngezimo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, kodwa ngokuvamile uvame ukuqhubeka Izinga. Ngokuvamile sizwa ukuthi umngane wethu noma umakhelwane, osanda kuhlaselwa yisifo sikashukela, ukhononda ngokuthi unoshukela egazini lakhe 10, engazi ukuthi benzeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lowo muntu akaqondi ngokugcwele indlela yokulawulwa kwezinga leshukela phakathi nosuku.

Ngokuqondene nengane, futhi kumuntu omdala, amazinga kashukela egazini kusuka ku-3.3 kuya ku-5.5 mmol / l abhekwa njengokujwayelekile. Amanye ama-labatatories abonisa umkhuba we-4.4 kuya ku-6.6, okumele usebenzise indlela ehlukile yokulinganisa (indlela ye-Hagedorn-Jensen). Ngakho-ke, ushukela egazini 6 liyisimo esivamile. Emitholampilo eminingi engaphandle, i-unit of measure for this indicator ihlukile nakakhulu: kuba mg / dl. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ku-1 mmol kune-18 mg / dl yesici esithile ukuze kutholakale izindlela zokuhlolwa kwegazi kubantu abadala.

Ukwandisa ushukela egazini kubonakala emva kokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka ngokweqile, ngokuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal nokusetshenziswa kwesamba esikhulu sokudla okuphezulu kwekhalori. Indlela yokuphendula okunjalo ilula kakhulu. Ukucindezeleka kubangela ukukhululwa kwama-hormone ekucindezela igazi, okuyinto i-cortisol ebaluleke kakhulu. Lezi zinsuku zibhekisela ezintweni eziphakamisa izinga le-glucose ukuvikela isimiso sezinzwa eziphakathi kwemithwalo ebalulekile, ehambisana nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Izifo ezibangelwa i-hormonal zivame ukubonakala ezigulini ze-endocrinology. Kulokhu, sinesithakazelo ezingeni elikhulayo lama- hormone a-contrinsular, afaka phakathi kwazo: i-epinephrine, i-cortisol, i-thyroxine, i-glucagon, i-testosterone nezinye. Lezi zinhlanganisela, uma seziphelile, zenza ukwanda kwegazi kwegazi. Ukudla kwama-caloric kuqukethe inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate, ahlukaniswe emathangeni emathunjini kuya kumakhemikhali alula, bese e-glucose. Kungaphezu kwegazi, okuyinto ebeka phambili ukuthuthukiswa hyperglycemia.

Ukunciphisa izinga likashukela kuvame ukugcinwa emva kokuzila futhi ngokweqile kwe-insulini egazini. Ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kokudla kanye ne-energy energy value phezu kwesikhathi kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwesisindo kanye nesidingo sokusebenzisa ezinye izinhlanganisela zokugcina amazinga kashukela egazini. I-insulin engaphezulu ingase ibe ngenxa yesilinganiso esingalungile noma ukuphathwa. Amazinga aphakeme we-hormone angase akhombise isisu se-pancreatic - insuloma.

I-Hyperglycemia nokubonakaliswa kwayo

Isimo se-hyperglycemia kufanele siqondwe njengokukhula kwamazinga e-glucose. Yilokho Uma izinga layo lidlula u-5.5 noma 6.6. Ukwanda kwe-glucose ukuhlushwa kungafinyelela izibalo eziphezulu - kuze kube ngu-25 noma ngaphezulu, okuyingozi kakhulu emzimbeni futhi ingaba nomphumela obulalayo. Ikakhulukazi iqondene nomuntu onesifo sikashukela, oshukela kuso igazi 12 noma ngaphezulu angeke abangele ushintsho esimweni sempilo.

Isimo se-hyperglycemia sivame ukuveza amazinga aphakeme kakhulu. Isiguli sizwa ukoma okunamandla nesifiso sokuvuthwa, umlomo owomile, ubuthakathaka obuningi obukhululekile nokulahlekelwa isisindo. Izimpawu ushukela egazini zingabonakala ngendlela yokuzwa okungaqondakaliyo kwezinyoni ezinwabuzelayo esikhunjeni noma njengezifo ezivame ukwelashwa okumele ziphathwe isikhathi eside.

I-Hypoglycemia nokuhlukahluka kokubonakaliswa kwayo

Ukunciphisa ushukela kufika ku-3 mmol / l futhi ephansi kuthiwa i-hypoglycemia. Ukuze uthole isifo sikashukela esinolwazi, ngisho nesikhombisi ku-glucometer 2.0, akukho ukuguqulwa esimweni jikelele okungaziwa, okubangelwa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sokuguquguquka kwesifo "ushukela".

Ngokuvamile, isimo se-hypoglycemic siyingozi ngaphezu kokushukela. Ingozi enjalo ibangelwa, okokuqala, ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwentuthuko kanye namathuba aphezulu okulahlekelwa ukwazi. Lapho izinga le-glucose liqala ukuwela ngezansi izinkomba zabo ezijwayelekile, iziguli zikhononda ngendlala, ukungalungi enhliziyweni, ukucasula.

Isimiso se-glucose sesifo sikashukela

Kulezi ziguli eziphila nesifo sikashukela, kuyinto engavamile ukufeza amagugu kashukela omuntu ojwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, kulezi ziguli, ukulinganiselwa kwemikhawulo kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-7.2 mmol ngetitha ngalinye esiswini esingenalutho kusungulwe futhi kungaphansi kwamahora angu-10 kuya kwangu-2 ngemuva kokudla. Uma lezo zibalo zigcinwa cishe nsuku zonke, khona-ke unciphisa amathuba okutholakala nokuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga.

Ngokuvamile iziguli zinesithakazelo kulo mbuzo: indlela yokuziphatha uma ushukela wegazi ungama-10. Yini okufanele uyenze, udokotela ukweluleka kakhulu, kodwa ngeminyaka yokuphila nalesi sifo uzofunda indlela yokubala kahle umthamo we-insulin noma amaphilisi okudingekile ukunciphisa ushukela.

Umqondo womngcele wezintambo

Izinso zingenye yezihlungi zomzimba ezinkulu. Isihlungi se-renal sinezimbalwa ezingaphansi kwamaseli okuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okudingekayo kanye nokususwa kwamakhemikhali anobungozi emzimbeni. I-glucose nayo iyinkimbinkimbi enomkhawulo othile wokuhlunga. Ilinganiselwa ku-10 mmol / l. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma isiguli sikhombisa i-glycemia ye-10.5 mmol noma ngaphezulu, khona-ke ukulandelana kweshukela kungatholakala kumchamo. Ngenkathi i-glucose evamile, ukuhlolwa komchamo akubonisi ukubukeka kweshukela. Ngakho-ke, akufanele ukhathazeke ikakhulukazi uma ushukela wegazi ungama-10. Yilowo nalowo olwa nesifo sikashukela uyazi: ukwethula umthamo odingekayo we-insulini noma ukuthatha ithebhulethi elinciphisa ushukela - ngemizuzu engu-30 i-glycemia izokwehla.

Umqondo we "prediabetes"

Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela luhlobo lwe-II aluveli neze ngokungalindelekile. Isikhathi eside Izinga likashukela egazini lenza ukuthi amangqamuzana afinyeleleke ezingeni eliphakeme le-glucose ne-insulini, eminyakeni embalwa ingadala isithombe esivela lesi sifo. Lokhu okuthiwa isikhathi sokuguquka kuthiwa yi-pre-diabetes. Kusukela ekubukeni kokuvikela isikhathi esinjalo sibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwe-hyperglycemia kuvumela hhayi kuphela ukunciphisa izinkomba zeshukela, kodwa nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezizayo.

Ukuxilongwa kwesandulela ngculazi nesifo sikashukela

Uma kwenzeka izimpawu ze-hyperglycemia, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha ushukela wegazi ngokuzimela, okubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kuka-40. Kumane kudingekile ukuthi uthathe ukuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela okungenani kanye njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, okuyinto enhle yokuvimbela.

Ngokuvamile, iziguli zithi: "Ngesikhathi sokuqala empilweni yami, ushukela wegazi - 10, yini okufanele uyenze?" Impendulo inganikeza ukuhlolwa kokubekezelelana kwe-glucose. Ukuhlaziywa okunjalo kukuvumela ukucaca ngokucacile ukuthi unama-prediabetes noma usuvele yini umfanekiso wesifo sikashukela. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngesisu esingenalutho. Isiguli sinikezwa ukuphuza isisombululo soshukela, esinama-glucose angu-75. Amazinga e-Sugar alinganiswa kokubili ngaphambi kokuhlolwa namahora amabili emva kwalo. Itafula leshukela egazini elingezansi libonisa ukucubungula kwemiphumela.

Ngokwesifo sikashukela, izinga elihle lokushintshashintsha kweshukela phakathi nosuku luvela ku-5 ukuya kwangu-7 mmol / l. Ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile, ungathatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukuhunyushwa "ushukela - okujwayelekile" kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi ulawula kahle isifo sikashukela.

Ukudla

Ukudla kokwelashwa kokubili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela ukuhambisana nenombolo yokudla 9. Iqukethe izidingo ezithile, ukuhambisana nokuthi kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ushukela wegazi. Ukwelashwa ngamaphilisi noma i-insulin ngokuhambisana nokudla okunempilo kungazuza imiphumela emihle. Ngokudla inombolo engu-9, udinga ukukhipha ama-carbohydrate, aphethwe kalula, futhi usebenzise inani elanele le-fiber. Ukuphindaphindwa kokungena kufanele kufinyelele izikhathi ezinhlanu ngosuku, futhi amafutha angu-50% ekudleni kwansuku zonke kufanele abe nemifino yemifino. Ukubalwa kokuqukethwe kwe-caloric kokudla kufanele kufundwe yisiguli ngasinye, besebenzisa amatafula afanele okudla.