Ukuvakasha kwendawo

Ukubukwa kwesifunda kubhekwa njengenye yezikhungo ezisemqoka ekuziphatheni komphakathi wendawo. Ngomqondo omncane, leli gama liqondwa njengokuvota izakhamizi ezindabeni ezithile. Ukuvakashelwa kwendawo kubaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokuzibusa komphakathi. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi lesi sikhungo izakhamuzi zinikezwa ithuba lokuxazulula izinkinga ezifanele ngokubamba iqhaza ezindabeni zokuphatha ngokusebenzisa izinhlangano ezifanele noma ngokuzodwa.

Ukuvakasha eRussia, njengesikhungo, njengenkululeko yentando yeningi ngendlela ephakeme kakhulu, kufakwe eMthethwenisisekelo weRussian Federation. Kodwa-ke, ama-Federal Laws angaphambili awazange ahlinzeke ngokubambisana okuphoqelekile nokuphindaphindiwe kokubukwa kwendawo. Umthetho osebenzayo namhlanje unikezela lesi sikhungo isimo sokubamba iqhaza ngqo kwabantu ekuphatheni okufanelekile. Izinkinga ezihlobene nokubheka ukuvakasha kwendawo zikhonjisiwe nasemthethweni.

Lesi sikhungo sasetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-1980s nangama-1990. Khona-ke inhlolovo yendawo yasisiza ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zokubaluleka komasipala. Ku-95-96. Lesi sikhungo sasisetshenziswe ngokugcwele ekuvumeleni izimiso kumasipala. Eminyakeni engu-96-98. Ukubheka okwenziwe endaweni, njengomthetho, kwasetshenziselwa ukubunjwa kweziphathimandla zendawo.

I-Federal Law ichaza uhlu lwezinkinga ezingavunyelwe ukukhishwa ngesinqumo salesi sikhungo. Zihlanganisa, ikakhulu, imibuzo mayelana:

1. Ukwandiswa kwesikhashana noma ukuphelelwa yisikhathi sesikhundla seziphathimandla zikahulumeni ngokuphathelene neRussia Federation, endaweni yomasipala. Imibuzo yokubamba ngokuvota ekuqaleni kwabo noma ngokuhlehlisa ukugcinwa kwayo enkulumweni noma kumasipala.
2. Ukwakhiwa komuntu siqu kwamagumbi angenhla.
3. Ukukhethwa kwanoma yikuphi izikhulu namaphini, ukuvunywa, ukukhululwa noma ukuqokwa, ukunikeza imvume yokukhulula noma yokuqokwa kokuthunyelwe.
4. Ukuthola izinyathelo eziphuthumayo nezingavamile ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokulondoloza impilo izakhamizi.
5. Ekushintsheni noma ekutholeni isabelomali esifanayo, ukushintsha nokufeza izibopho zezimali zomnyango kamasipala, isihloko seRussian Federation.

Izinhlangano ezimele ezivela kuhulumeni ozimele zendawo zenza isinqumo sokubamba ama-referendums asekhaya. Ukwenqaba okungenangqondo kwale mizimba ukuyobamba isikhungo kungasuswa ngokulandela inqubo esungulwe ngumthetho nangokwengamela umshushisi. Isinqumo sokubamba inhlolovo sishicilelwe kumaphephandaba noma senziwe umphakathi nganoma iyiphi enye indlela zingakapheli izinsuku ezinhlanu.

Uma inhlangano kamasipala ingenayo eyakhe inhlangano yombuso ozimele, khona-ke lesi sikhungo sakhiwa ngokuhambisana nokufundiswa kwekhanda lomphathi wedolobheni noma ukwakheka komasipala, kanye nesinyathelo sabantu besifunda.

Ukuvota kwendawo kuhlanganiswa futhi kuqhutshwe esifundeni sonke, esingaphansi kwamandla ohulumeni abazimele. Lokhu kubangelwe ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi izinkinga ezixazululwe ngosizo lwale sikhungo zithinta izithakazelo zazo zonke izakhamuzi ezihlala noma ezihlala okwesikhashana emkhakheni kamasipala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvakashelwa kwendawo kuyindlela yenkululeko yentando yeningi eqondile, ehluke kubo bonke abanye kumlingiswa wayo wokubopha. Ngamanye amazwi, izinqumo azidingi ukwamukelwa, futhi imiphumela ibhekwa njengokuphoqelelwa bonke abantu. Ukuhlinzekwa kokugcina kusebenza kuzo zombili izakhamizi ezihlala futhi zihlala okwesikhashana ensimini yenkampani ethile kamasipala. Mayelana nalokhu, ukubamba iqhaza ekubukeleni kwendawo kufanele kuthathwe yibo bonke abahlali bendawo yokwakhiwa komasipala, hhayi nje abameleli abavela kwenye indawo noma kwenye indawo.