Uyini black box kunendiza? Yini loko lobhala black box kunendiza?

Black izindiza ibhokisi (indiza rekhoda, umgcini-mibhalo.) - idivaysi isetshenziswa ujantshi, ezokuthutha amanzi zezindiza for ukuqopha ulwazi-ibhodi izinhlelo, izingxoxo izisebenzi, njll Uma ezokuthutha kwenzeka noma yimuphi umcimbi, lezi idatha asetshenziswa ukunquma izimbangela.

indaba

Eyokuqala tekusebenta idatha yendiza rekhoda wabonakala ngo-1939. Hangover French nalolwakheke Yusseno ukukhanya ugongolo oscilloscope ukulungisa isihlungi ipharamitha ngamunye (isivinini, engamamitha, njll). Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-ohambelana kuka esibukweni sibonakalisa ugongolo ukukhanya phezu ifilimu lokushicilela. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo futhi igama "ibhokisi elimnyama indiza" (bheka isithombe. Ngezansi), ngoba umzimba wakhe ababethi le umbala ukuze kuvikelwe ifilimu enezithombe esuka ekukhanyeni. ihlelwe "French Society amathuluzi sokulinganisa" Ngo-1947, abasunguli engumthengisi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inkampani isibe nomkhiqizi kunalokho enkulu imishini kanye neqembu "Safran".

Ukuguqulwa entsha

Ngo-1953, usosayensi wase-Australia David Warren, owaba nengxenye uphenyo, "Havilland 'nhlekelele liner, umbono wafakwa phambili ukuthi ukuba khona izinkulumo nezisebenzi amarekhodi angaba usizo kakhulu Kulezo zimo. indlela yakhe ezihlongozwayo kuhlanganiswe yezwi parametric idatha abalobi, kanye nokusetshenziswa itheyiphu kazibuthe zokuqopha. Ukuqoshwa Warren kwadingeka asbestos wrapper futhi zahlanganiswa ngendlela steel izindlu. Mhlawumbe, lapha sinawo definition ezahlukene "izindiza bhokisi elimnyama" - into ongaziwa noma ongenazimiso Sakhiwo sangekhatsi ukuthi wenza imisebenzi ethile.

David kudivayisi prototype yethulwa ngo-1956. Weza futhi umbala black box endizeni. Ngemva kweminyaka emine, uhulumeni wase-Australia wakhipha umyalelo wokuba ukufaka abalobi kuwo wonke izindiza etholakalayo. Ngokushesha, amanye amazwe futhi yalandela.

Yini ngaphakathi?

Aircraft ibhokisi elimnyama, isithombe ongawabona esihlokweni, akuyona labizwa ngokuthi amadivayisi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lona afanayo kokujwayelekile isilawuli flash inkumbulo chip. Akayena ezahlukene okuningi kusuka laptop ejwayelekile SSD-drive. Nokho, inkumbulo flash isetshenziswa ezincwadini kuyinto esanda kuqalwa. Manje, izindiza kakhulu ifakwe onobuhle amadala, lapho ukuqopha wenziwa eteyipini noma ngocingo.

izinhlobo abalobi

Zimbili izinhlobo amarejista: wokusebenza kanye eziphuthumayo. Eyokuqala wabo ivikelwe futhi esetshenziselwa ukuqapha umkhuba wokuthi njalo imoto. Abasebenzi ujantshi, amanzi kanye nomoya ezokuthutha ofunda ulwazi kusuka ohlelweni isitoreji ngemva indiza ngayinye. Khona idatha ziyahlaziywa ngoba khona izenzo ezilimazayo izisebenzi ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa. Ngokwesibonelo:

• musa idlule iphimbo esiphezulu noma umqulu, le ukuxazululwa ngumkhiqizi;
• Ingabe sindisa phezu ukusuka / lokubikezela akuyona kudlulwe;
• Ayidluli isikhathi vzlotnyh noma afterburning izindlela, njll

Futhi, lolu lwazi ikuvumela ukuba iqaphe ukwenziwa resource of indiza futhi ngesikhathi esifanele selilungiswa ukwehlisa izinga ukwehluleka imishini ezokuthutha, futhi sithuthukise ukuphepha izindiza.

Ukuqopha eziphuthumayo has isivikelo kakhulu. Ngokuhambisana nezidingo standard yesimanje TSO-C124 inikeza idatha for isigamu sehora omlilo okuqhubekayo, ukushaqeka overloads e 3400 g, ukuhlala endaweni ka 6 km ukujula izinsuku ezingu-30, futhi nokulayishwa kazibuthe amathani 2 amaminithi angu-5. Ukuze uqhathanise, owedlule-isizukulwane kazibuthe itheyiphu abalobi nge overload ukushaqeka zigcinwe 1000 g kuphela, kanti isikhathi amandla omlilo imizuzu engu-15. Ukwenza lula ukucinga ngoba abalobi eziphuthumayo ifakwe sonar pinger futhi beacons.

Yini engenziwa?

Umbala bhokisi elimnyama kundiza, sizoxoxa ngezansi, kodwa manje ake sixoxe izinto zazo yenziwa. Neziqophi ukukhiqiza elixutshiwe yensimbi noma titanium Alloys. Kunoma ikuphi, kuba ukushisa ukumelana futhi ephezulu amandla impahla. Nakuba iningi lemikhandlu okubhalisa ukuphepha ahlinzeke ngendawo yabo emzimbeni indiza.

Yini umbala omnyama ibhokisi indiza?

Ngokuvamile obomvu indiza rekhoda noma orange. Manje uyazi ukuthi umbala omnyama ibhokisi kwendiza, futhi kuyaqondakala ukuthi igama akuhlangene ne umbala yangempela. Umbala Bright kwakwenzelwa lula ukusesha.

Yini imingcele zilotshwe?

Neziqophi njalo ngcono. Ibhokisi lokuqala labaNsundu ifundwa imingcele 5 kuphela: isivinini, isikhathi, ukushesha mpo, kokuwa kanye Yiqiniso. Baloba lokuloba kwi eyodwa-off ucwecwe lwensimbi. Isigaba sokugcina iphathelene ukuvela abalobi ngonyaka 90-th, lapho wethula abathwali eziqinile msebenzi. abalobi Modern bayakwazi ukuqopha kuze kufinyelele 256 nemingcele. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Okokhelekayo Balance.
• Leso petrol.
• isivinini phezulu.
• umfutho womoya.
• Roll engela.
• amapayipi voltage.
• Isikhundla isibambo ukulawula imoto.
• sindisa Side.
• Aileron-introtseptorov.
• Ukuphambuka ichopho.
• Ukuphambuka kwaleli sondo.
• Ukuphambuka isimame.
• Aileron.
• isilawuli Stroke ijoka yikolitayi, roll izinga.
• Inkambo isondo.
• ijubane lenjini.
• Isibalo injini linemibhikisho.
• I mpo futhi lateral imithwalo.
• Ukuphakama kweqiniso.
• engamamitha barometric.
• Airspeed, njll

Lapho kuba?

izindiza black box etholakala esigabeni umsila indiza. Esikebheni kwakuneqembu kukhona abalobi eziningana. onobuhle Isipele kudingeka uma kwenzeka umonakalo ezinzima noma okungezona ukuthola main.

Ngaphambili, inkulumo kanye parametric abalobi kwahlukaniswa: owokuqala yafakwa abanikeze asebenza nabo, kanti eyesibili - in the umsila indiza. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi imoto labhujiswa inhlekelele namandla kunomFilisti kwesigaba umsila, kokubili rekhoda abangu aboshelwe umsila indiza.

I black box indiza: okulotshiweyo

Lona inganekwane efanayo umbala rekhoda egameni layo. Khumbula: ukuqaqwa amabhokisi amnyama we Indiza iphahlazeke akunakwenzeka. Ungase ubuze ukuthi kungani? Yebo, ngoba idatha eqoshiwe lungabhalwanga, futhi igama elithi "kulungiswa" lisetshenziswa ngomqondo ofanayo ukuthi we izintatheli, ukucutshungulwa ukuqoshwa izingxoxo. Babhala umbhalo, ukulalela mibhalo ukurekhoda. Ngakho kakhulu enza ikhomishana uchwepheshe, ukulungisa idatha ngendlela efundekayo nokuhlaziya. Akukho umbhalo wemfihlo: yokuvikela idatha kusuka prying singanikezwanga, ulwazi iyatholakala perusal ngasiphi sezindiza. Futhi akukho ukuvikelwa idatha ngokumelene ukuguqulwa, ngoba rekhoda yakhelwe ukuhlonza izimbangela ukuphahlazeka futhi ukunciphisa isibalo sabo esikhathini esizayo. Ekugcineni, i-abacindezela noma ukusonta izimbangela zezingozi ngenxa yesizathu ngisho athile ezombusazwe noma kuyiqiniso, ungenza isitatimende mayelana ukulimala okungathi sína kwezazi okubhalisa nokungakwazi ukufunda ulwazi.

Nokho, ngisho naphansi izilonda okukhulu (u-30% wezingozi), i-black box we Indiza iphahlazeke Kusengenzeka yokwakha. Fragments tape ethe njo futhi lusetshenziswe ngu ingxube ekhethekile, kanye chips lokusinda fluster bese uxhuma ngco kulofundzako. Lena inqubo kwetfulwe eyinkimbinkimbi eyenziwa laboratories akhethekile isikhathi.

Zikhona izindlela?

Manje uyazi ukuthi black box indiza. Kuze kube manje, le divayisi akubhekwa 100% ethembekile. Ingabe kukhona okungenziwa esikhundleni sakho?

Okwamanje, abazi khona, kodwa onjiniyela njalo sisebenzela ukuthuthukisa onobuhle ekhona. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze zihlela ukudlulisa idatha kusuka emabhokisini abamnyama ngesikhathi sangempela noma base, noma satellite.

Ukaputeni we "Boeing-777" Stiv Abdu ukholelwa ukuthi ukuthumela idatha ngesikhathi sangempela zidinga satellite ukuxhumana ezibizayo. Kodwa uma nokuqalisa ngokuthumela ngomzuzu 4-5 ke lobu buchwepheshe zizonciphisa izindleko bese andise inzuzo uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza. Njengoba inani iziphuphutheki emhlabeni luyanda njalo ngonyaka, isitoreji idatha yendiza kudivayisi akude - lena enye okungenzeka kakhulu usesho eside futhi kuthatha isikhathi idatha sokuqonda.

Futhi, izinhlelo zihlanganisa ukufakwa esingu abalobi elintantayo. kuphahlazeka indiza kuzolungisa nemishini ekhethekile yokuthungatha, abese ukuqalisa ukusizwa rekhoda nge-parachute. Lomgomo kakade liyasetshenziswa imoto airbag.