Ukuwa ezulwini: kuphahlazeka indiza

Ingozi, inhlekelele, nenhlekelele ... Ezweni lanamuhla wenduduzo ubuchwepheshe obusha, la mazwi akukhona okungavamile ukuba likhithike. Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu benqoba umhlaba, amanzi, isibhakabhaka nendawo, kodwa izimo ezingalindelekile ke akunakugwenywa. Futhi izigameko ezinjalo azivamile ukuya ngaphandle izisulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa umqondo ezifana kuphahlazeka indiza.

Indiza - lokhu ...

Imicimbi ezaholela ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu ezazisezinyaweni ndiza, okuthiwa i- ingozi indawo inhlekelele noma usizi. Ngezinye izikhathi ngaphansi zezindiza inhlekelele kungasho ukunyamalala umuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu, kanye ukunyamalala izindiza ezivela radar, ngaphandle ukukhululwa okwalandela on isibopho. kuphahlazeka indiza kugcwele, futhi ekufeni kwabaningi ngesikhathi kokwehla eziphuthumayo.

Imininingwane zomlando

Ngokokuqala ngqá mayelana kuphahlazeka indiza baqala ukukhuluma ngokushesha ngemuva ngenkathi yamabhanoyi, - ekhulwini XIX. Ekuqaleni, inani izingozi futhi abalimala bebelokhu incane, kodwa kuphela kuze kube isikhathi lapho indiza ayibanga ingxenye ezikhiqizelwa. Waba hhayi kuphela isimiso air traffic, kodwa futhi ukuthuthukisa izindinganiso zokuphepha. Nawa nje izisulu zazisekhona.

Ngo-1940, lapho funa waqala mass air travel, isibalo sezikhungo izisulu. Phakathi nawo-50s eziye zaguqulwa futhi baye banda amazinga izindiza ukuphepha, ngokulandelana, inani izingozi yehlile, kodwa kuphela kuze kufike leso sikhathi kuze kube izindiza waqala ukwandiswa esikhathini amazwe Third World. kweyishumi kuphela kamuva bavele emakethe izimoto ezintsha, okungase ukuqinisekisa indiza ephephile kunoma isiphi isimo.

Igagasi elilandelayo emoyeni izingozi lisibekela umhlaba 70s. Khona-ke, isidingo emoyeni amazwe, ebhodini isibalo sezikhungo izihlalo, kanye nomhlaba ukuzwa lokho ubuphekula. Nalapha futhi, on-ebhodini imishini, inani izisulu 80s maphakathi sehle ngengxenye nezindinganiso zokuphepha abangu elibuyekeziwe ngcono.

Ngakusasa iminyaka engu-15, inani emoyeni izingozi uvukile futhi njengoba bakamalalahlengezela enwetshiwe izindiza eziningi izinto ngemizimba yabo.

Ngokwezibalo, kuphahlazeka indiza - umcimbi awukwazi ukubikezela, kodwa singenza konke okusemandleni ukuvimbela it. Ibonisa umkhuba engu-60 ubudala, inani izingozi kwehle kusuka 616 izingozi ngonyaka 28.

Le nhlekelele embi kakhulu

Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abantu kakhulu kungase nizame ukuzizuzela ukunyakaza kwabo, inhlekelele njalo kuza ngokuzumayo, futhi ngobukhulu zezindiza inhlekelele ubufakazi engcono:

• Japan. 1985. Flight №123 ibihamba kumazwe ne-Tokyo kuya Osaka. Ngemva Take-off uhlelo singalawuleki, ashayisane nemithambeka. Ngenxa yalokho nhlekelele we abashonile kubantu 520.
• India. I ukushayisana emoyeni phakathi amabili izindiza - "Boeing-747" futhi "IL-76". Ngenxa yalokho, "IL" amandla okulawula, futhi "Boeing 'bahlakazeka emoyeni, kwashona abantu abangu-349.
• France. Ngo-1974, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa abesabekayo kuphahlazeka indiza emlandweni wezwe. Flight inombolo 981 Turkish Airlines labetibambile inkambo Istanbul-Paris e-London. Ngemva kokuphahlazeka kwendiza wethulwa kusuka esikhumulweni sezindiza e-Paris, umnyango wezimpahla ivulekile. Ngenxa yalokho, bonke nhlelo zokusebenzisa zalimala, futhi 72 imizuzwana kamuva, Indiza iphahlazeke, abantu 346 babulawa kulesi sigameko.
• Saudi Arabia. Esikebheni kwakuneqembu indiza, okuyinto wethulwa kusuka Riyadh sezindiza, lasha umthwalo gumbi engangikulo. Iyunithi waphoqeleka ukuphindela khona, kodwa ngemuva kokwehla, indiza baqhubeka ukuhamba kwayo, washiya umlilo. Ebhanoyini kwakukhona abantu 301, zonke zasha zangqongqa.
• Spain. Omunye zezinhlekelele ezimbi kakhulu emlandweni wesintu esenzeka esiqhingini Spanish esifundazweni Tenerife. Ngo-1977, ngesikhathi ukusuka wabhekana airliner ezimbili ezinkulu, zabulala abantu abangaba ngu-600. Lokhu nenhlekelele angabhekwa hhayi kuphela embi kakhulu, kodwa ezingalindelekile kakhulu futhi aluhlaza cwe.

Indiza eRussia

umlando Umhlaba inamakhulu izingozi. Ayibuyi, neRussia. Uhlu izinhlekelele zezindiza ukuthi iningi yabakhanga umphakathi, ngendlela elandelayo:

• 2001. Tu-154 yaphahlazeka endaweni Irkutsk ngesikhathi kokwehla. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu 145 babulawa.
• 2004. Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo by ukuzibulala ekuhlaseleni, ezimbili liner umgibeli laqedwa. Le nhlekelele kwashona abantu abangu-90.
• 2006. Amatilosi indiza A-320 iphaphalaze yaphuma emzileni wayo. Ngenxa nzima izimo zezulu, bandisa elahlekile ukuma endaweni, kanye indiza ishayisa oLwandle Olumnyama. Bonke abantu ababesebusweni ibhodi (abantu 113) babulawa.
• 2015. Kusukela radar maduze ngemuva indiza isuka noma wanyamalala, wayalwa ngesilinganiso Sharm el-Sheikh - Saint Petersburg. Ngemva kwalokho, kuphela lowo doti edolobheni Nekhel atholakele. Ngenxa yalokho we kushone wabulala abantu 224. Umgibeli omncane engenathi ntombazanyana ngenyanga-10 ubudala - Dasha Gromova, esithombeni sakhe sekuwuphawu kwenzeka le nhlekelele. Phakathi kwazo zonke ukuphahlazeka indiza, aziwa isintu kulesi sigameko kwabulawa zonke izakhamuzi zaseRussia.

Nsuku zonke ukusakaza wasezulwini siphela izindiza ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 138. Nokho, Ngiphakathi yendiza akukuniki 100% isiqinisekiso, kubhekwe ephephile emoyeni zokuthutha. Ukuwa esibhakabhakeni - ukuphahlazeka indiza - singenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kodwa namanje kwenzeka kancane izikhathi 10 kuka ingozi.