Zezingozi kanye nezigameko

Plane noma kubhekwa ifomu nephephile yokuhamba, izingozi kanye izindiza kuyimiphumela edabukisayo ngaphezulu. Ukuze izigameko ezifana libhekene inqwaba abalimala, umonakalo omkhulu noma ukoniwa endizeni, ukukhala umphakathi a kanye nabezindaba ukunakwa.

Ukwahlukanisa emoyeni izingozi

Zezingozi kanye nezigameko ihlukaniswa ngezizathu eziningana. Hlukanisa emkhatsini phansi kanye indiza ingozi. Ground yilezo izigameko ezenzeka ngaphambi noma ngemva kwendiza. Aviation indiza izingozi - labo izinhlekelele okuhlotshaniswa ukusebenza amatilosi izabelo indiza isitsha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhululwa zokugwema ukuphuka, izingozi kanye nezinhlekelele. Zokugwema ukuphuka kuholela umonakalo kancane le ndiza, izisulu nabasindile kukhona. Ngokuthi sigameko ingozi, hhayi entailing ukulahlekelwa ukuphila, lapho izindiza uthola umonakalo omkhulu noma ubhujiswe. Ngaphansi inhlekelele kwakusho izingozi, izimpawu:

• ukulimala indiza ukuze ukukhanda inexpedient kwezomnotho noma kungenzeki nhlobo, futhi ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe indiza;
• ukufa kwabagibeli noma abasizi kanye zabantu phakathi kulabo ababesesikebheni, ezinsukwini eziyi-30 kusuka ngesikhathi sigameko.

Izimbangela izingozi

Imbangela ezivame kakhulu zezindiza izingozi umshayeli ngephutha, t. E. Izinto ezenziwa abantu. Ngo-42% amacala nangenxa yezinye izizathu izingozi kwenzeke. Disaster izici zimi kanje:

• 58% izigameko ukuthi kwabangela ukufa kwabagibeli eyodwa noma ngaphezulu noma abasizi kwenzeke ngenxa yephutha umshayeli.
• U-22% amacala kubangelwa edabukisayo ukwehluleka art.
• 12% wezingozi akhawunti enqabayo sezulu izimo ngesikhathi indiza.
• 9% wezingozi kwenzeke ngenxa kuhlasela kwamaphekula.
• 7% yiphutha kwabasebenzi phansi sezindiza.
• 1% zezindiza izingozi kungenxa yethonya lezingane ehlukile izizathu.

Zezingozi kanye nezigameko ezisuka kusukela esungulwe isici womuntu e-29% zenzeka ngo ukuqondana ngenxa yokushayela budedengu noma ekukhohlweni bamabhanoyi, 16% livela amaphutha okubangelwa isimo sezulu esibi, ngo-5% amacala imbangela izingozi iba imishini abamukeli.

izindlela ukuphenywa kokuphulwa emoyeni ukuphahlazeka

Ngamunye ingoti ukuba isihloko izindiza ekubuyekezweni saziso nokuhlaziya. Imithetho uphenyo zezindiza zezingozi kanye nezigameko ehilela ukusungulwa onejubane impendulo ithimba okusheshayo, okuhlanganisa ochwepheshe izindawo ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ezihlobene kulo mkhakha. Esikhathini esizayo, lolu daba okubhekiselwe Commission for Investigation we yengozi noma yesigameko izindiza eRussia, National Transportation Safety Board e-United States noma kwamanye amasevisi.

Ukuhlaziya yezingozi kanye nezigameko kuhilela izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Ukucinga izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko zokuqonda le ndiza ukucacisa izindiza yasiqumba phansi futhi waphula emoyeni.
• Ukucinga ulalele abalobi indiza.
• Hlola izinkulumo pilot nge dispatcher.
• Ukuhlaziywa umbiko wesimo sezulu.
• Thola bese ukuqoqa wonke izinsalela indiza.
• Ulinga onobuhle ezifanayo imishini simulators.
• Ukuhlaziya amafayela siqu abashayeli kanye ukuhlonza kungenzeka nokusebenza kwengqondo ezathonya Iqiniso inhlekelele.
• Ihlola abagibeli kanye nezincwadi wezimpahla ukuze ngakususi noma uqinisekise version of the kuhlasela.
• abasindile Poll futhi baba ofakazi bokuzibonela bokuziphatha le nhlekelele, lo sigameko ukubukela ama-video.
• izidumbu sezifo.

Izibalo yokuphahlazeka ngezwe

Izibalo ezingozi ne izindiza civil by nesilinganiso esikhulu se-US-kwaholela. Ngakho, kusukela ngo-1945 kuya ku-2013 e-United States kwenzeka izingozi engaphezu kwamakhulu ayisikhombisa nge Abashona. izibalo Ingozi for sikhathi ibonisa ukuthi inani labantu ababulawa ezingozini abagibeli kanye zezisebenzi eyishumi nanye namakhulu nengxenye abantu.

Russia ezibalweni elidabukisayo esisogwini umugqa wesibili. Phezulu emazweni ayishumi ngenani ezingozi nezinhlekelele kwakuhlanganisa Canada, Brazil, Colombia, United Kingdom, France, India, Indonesia kanye eMexico. US phambili enkulu phezu kwamanye amazwe ase-simo ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi isabelo US zaba 28% izindiza bezindiza civil emhlabeni.

Ukuphahlazeka Biggest eRussia

Sekube izingozi ezinkulu ensimini ka-Russia. I esibi kunazo ngenani izisulu nhlekelele Ukungqubuzana le Tu-154, enifeza indiza ku umzila Krasnodar-Novosibirsk ngokusebenzisa Omsk, kusukela sezindiza ngezimoto ezintathu ezisemthethweni evulekile ngo-1984. Indiza ingozi labhujiswa, aphume abangu-179 ababe indiza, ngasinda ezinhlanu kuphela.

Eminye imithombo ushayele esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia sigameko nenhlekelele umngcele off esiqhingini Sakhalin ngo-1983. Ngemva kwamakhulu amabili ukwephulwa umngcele Soviet wadutshulwa phansi South Korean Boeing 747. Kwafa kwaba abantu abangu-269.

Nomthelela omkhulu enhlekeleleni yokusebenzelana eU.SSR

Izingozi USSR ikhulu noma baningi abafa amacala amathathu kuphela emlandweni zezindiza Soviet. Lesi sigameko enkulu kokuwa Tu-154 eduze Uchkuduk, ensimini ka-Uzbekistan. Wakhonza wagibela indiza umgibeli kusukela Karshi-Ufa-Leningrad, kodwa emva kwemizuzu engamashumi amane nesithupha emva ukusuka, umkhumbi iphaphalaze yaphuma emzileni wayo waya kwelinye tailspin. Imbangela yale ngozi enyantisa igazi wakhonza njengephayona iphutha control. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo kwesikhathi umshayeli ukuphumula eliphuliwe. Baningi kakhulu abantu ababulawa ezingamakhulu amabili ebhodi.

September 11, 2001 kwamaphekula e-US

Laba bobabili elikhulu Iningi lezingozi emhlabeni bayizisulu izigameko Flight 11 Boston - Los Angeles 175 Logan - Los Angeles, ngubani uthunjiwe zamaphekula ethunyelwe kwemibhoshongo World Trade Center nge umehluko imizuzu 17 of. Encwadini ibhanoyi lokuqala (i-Boeing 767-223ER) kwaba 92 abagibeli, abashayeli bezindiza futhi indiza zesifazane, kuhlanganise 5 amasela, okwesibili - abantu abangu-65, kuhlanganise nawo abe 5 amasela. Ngenxa yalokho senzakalo kuqala inani sabulala abantu abangaba 1692 (kubagibeli nezisebenzi indiza, amaphekula, abantu ababenaye e-World Trade Center futhi abatakuli), emva izisulu yesibili zazisekhona abantu cishe ngo-965.

Tenerife sezindiza inhlekelele

Enye ingozi enkulu kwenzeka ekupheleni Mashi 1977 abantu abalisebenzisayo eziQhingini zaseCanary. Evulekile ihlangabezane ezimbili "Boeing", flying kusukela Amsterdam - Las Palmas futhi Los Angeles - Las Palmas ngokusebenzisa eNew York. Imbangela ezisemthethweni uphenyo ngengozi neyaziwayo ukusontwa imiyalo Manager kanye nezisebenzi iphutha. Le ngozi kwashona abantu abangu-583.

Enhlekeleleni-Boeing 747 at Tokyo

Ngo-1985, izingozi, kulekelelwa ngumuntu yesehlakalo esibuhlungu esenzeka Tokyo. I indiza eyayithwele yangaphakathi Osaka Tokyo kwendiza, umsila isimame elahlekile imizuzu nambili emva Take-off, lapho ukulawula elahlekile washayisa intaba eJapane, 112 ukusuka enhlokodolobha.

Abantu 524 ababengaphesheya ibhodi, ngasinda ezine kuphela. Abagibeli abaningi akafelanga ngesikhathi nomthelela, futhi phansi - kusuka hypothermia nokulimala. Mhlawumbe uma usizo sasesifikile ngaphambili (abasindile ezine ezitholakala ngemva kwamahora angu-nane olwalandela ukuphahlazeka), abanye babo base bekwazi zilondolozwe.

Charkhi Dadri maphakathi no-air ukushayisana

I kuqala isibalo izisulu e-ukushayisana ndiza kule nhlekelele emoyeni - Ngokuwa yezindiza Airlines Boeing 747-168B Saudi Arabia Airlines kanye Air Kazakhstan isitsha. Lesi sigameko senzeke esibhakabhakeni phezu edolobheni elithile laseNdiya Charkhi Dadra. Le ngozi kwashona abantu abangu-349 Egibela kokubili ezindizeni. Phakathi kwalezo zisulu yengozi kuhlanganise izakhamuzi India, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, USA, basePakistan, Bangladesh kanye UK (ngokunciphisa isibalo Abashona).

Izimbangela yengozi ikhomishana olusemthethweni neyaziwayo lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• ulwazi abampofu IsiZulu indiza izikhonzi nama-pilot ndiza;
• bengenawo amakhono abashayeli bezindiza futhi iqembu ukusebenza abanelisi imisebenzi;
• yokuntuleka professional ejwayelekile phraseology ukuba abashayeli;
• khona kuphela indlela enqamulelayo olulodwa takeoffs and lihlala;
• kungekho radar esikhumulweni sezindiza e Delhi India.

Turkish Airlines ukuphahlazeka eziseduze nase-Paris

Inhlekelele kwenzeka phezu Paris ekuqaleni-March 1973. Airliner izindiza Turkish undiza kusukela Istanbul eLondon nge Paris, lapho imizuzu eyisithupha ngemva kokukhamba egumbini umnyango wezimpahla ivulekile. Le ndiza iphaphalaze ukuwa niphihlizwe yaba izicucu. Killing bonke ababesemkhunjini, okusho abagibeli 334 namalungu nambili nezisebenzi.

Ukuhlasela kwamaphekula i-Atlantic Ocean

isenzo kwamaphekula okwenzeka ngo-1985 kuyi-Atlantic Ocean, kwabulala abantu 329. kuphahlazeka indiza iphutha emanzini ngamazwe, indiza bagqekeza izingcezu ngenxa ukuqhuma sigibele wezimpahla. Lubhekele ingozi bazitshela amaqembu ziyingozi ezintathu nje e-United States nase-Canada.

Nenhlekelele Saudi Arabian Airlines e Riyadh

Ngo-1980, indiza Saudi Arabia Airlines izimpukane umzila Karachi - Riyadh - Jeddah. Ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa ukuthatha-off ebhodini kwenzeka umlilo. Amatilosi indiza wakwazi ukwenza kokwehla eziphuthumayo, kodwa umsebenzi waqala imizuzu engamashumi amabili nantathu kuphela ngemva kokwehla. Flight izikhonzi asikwazanga ukuvula iminyango futhi uqale sibaleka, kanye nezinsizakalo sezindiza kwakudingeka isikhathi sokulungisa imiyalelo efanelekile ngesiNgisi. Ngenxa yalokho kokulibala, bonke 287 abagibeli kanye zezisebenzi bashonile kwathi nane.

Le nhlekelele laseDonetsk ngo-2014

Enkulu Kunazo Zonke Yokusebenzelana ukuphahlazeka kwekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union okwenzeka ehlobo lika-2014 kwi Insimu zinqobe phakathi kwamabutho kahulumeni amabutho IDonetsk Yabantu Republic. "Boeing" 777, flying kusukela Amsterdam - Kuala Lumpur (inhloko-dolobha Malaysia), ihlaselwe "Incwadi" we anti-aircraft eziyinkimbinkimbi self ezinezinjini. Ukucinga ukusebenza futhi kuphenywe sehlakalo saba nzima yokuthi endaweni lapho Indiza iphahlazeke, kwaba phakathi nezimpi ezimbili.

Ngenxa yalokho le nhlekelele kwashona abantu abangu-298. Reis zakala umkhulumeli-World Health Organization, oyilungu lephalamende kusukela Labour Party yeNetherlands, umbhali wase-Australia, kubahlanganyeli-International AIDS Society. Lesi sigameko saba indaba yisici esibalulekile lwezijeziso entsha, yalahla iRussia, wathinta indices isitokwe futhi ucabanga lenkampani Malaysia Airlines.

Nenhlekelele wezimpahla AN-32 e Zaire

Top eziyishumi Ingozi uvala sigameko wezimpahla AN-32, ezenzeka e Zaire. Le ndiza ayikwazanga avuke emoyeni washayisa emakethe ukuthi wayesondelene kakhulu evulekile. Ngenxa yalokho yengozi ubulele umakhenikha, owayeneminyaka abebegibele indiza nabantu 297 emhlabathini, phakathi kwabo ngokuyinhloko abesifazane nezingane. abantu 66 kuphela bakwazi ukukhomba kwabafileyo.