Aircraft: definition jikelele kanye nezici

Ukuxhumana nge air uquqaba ngawo indiza siyagcinwa emkhathini, has umehluko omkhulu kusukela ubuhlobo emoyeni, kubonakala kusukela komhlaba. Igama elithi "izindiza" ebizwa ngokuthi imithetho esebenzayo wezwe, kanye Chicago Convention. ERussia, nezitsha zonke senzelwe imisebenzi ezilotshwe umyalelo othize. Kusemqoka ngokuvumelana imithetho emisiwe.

Ukunqunywa izindiza

Akubona bonke izindiza zibekwa njengoba izindiza. Amadivayisi phakamisa bese ukuhambisa emoyeni kuphela jet-sikagesi noma inertia, azisebenzi kubo. Ihamba nge isimiso esithile yokulondoloza, rocket isikhala ubuchwepheshe, Balloons kusebenziswe ifoni njengemodemu.

Imshini izindiza zihlukaniswe amakilasi. Ngezansi ayinhloko:

• A - Balloons khulula;
• Ngo - aerostats enophephela (nezindiza);
• C - izindiza kanye nezinye;
• S - isikhala izikebhe.

Inkantolo Civil (izinhlobo)

Aircraft Civil Aviation zihlukaniswe 2 izinhlobo: izicelo Public nezentengiselwano, kuye ngokuthi injongo ukusetshenziswa kwazo.

Uma umkhumbi ehilelekile yezindiza imisebenzi ngokungenzi inzuzo, nabantu imithwalo ehlukile, libhekwa njengoba esibuthakathaka kwezohwebo. Uma indiza isetshenziselwa travel siqu noma ibhizinisi, ibhekisela zezindiza jikelele.

Okwamanje, ukukhula kwesidingo uhlobo izindiza yesibili. Yena bavame ukwenza imisebenzi abakwazi ukuxazulula izindiza ezisebenza ngokungenzi inzuzo. izindiza Civil zezindiza jikelele bakwazi ukuthutha imithwalo amancane. It is lisetshenziswe mdlalo zezindiza, ukuthuthwa izivakashi, kanye nezinye izinjongo. Yona futhi le ndiza unawo amandla kakhulu ukulondoloza abagibeli isikhathi.

INkantolo Yobulungisa indiza musa lindiza ihlelelwe Take-off kokwehla akudingeki ishashalazi lezindiza ezinkulu. Abantu abaphendukela kulolu hlobo lwenkonzo of civil aviation, ungase ukhethe indlela elandelayo endaweni emisiwe, ngesikhathi esifanayo akudingeki ukubhalisa futhi urekhode izindiza.

Aircraft ngokwethukela ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka isisindo saso esikhethekile. Zingase ukuxegiselwa noma kusinda kunakho isikhala emoyeni. Inkantolo (ibhaluni, dirigible) angaya up emkhathini, ngaphandle kosizo amandla isitshalo ekhethekile, futhi elisindayo (indiza, glider) Khanyisa awukho ngaphansi amandla. izitsha emoyeni Heavy kukhona umehluko isakhiwo, nge okuyinto zisekelwa emkhathini.

Ukundiza indiza (ngezigaba)

Izindiza lezizitsha ihlukaniswa kuye lapho babeya khona, ukuzanywa lokuzula izici (ithuluzi netibonwa), ukusebenza wesifunda, ukuphakama, indawo kanye nesikhathi sosuku.

Ngu aphoyintimenti izindiza ihlukaniswa njengoba:

• ezokuthutha, ebithwele abantu abangu-okuseqophelweni ezahlukene;
• ukwenza umsebenzi zasemoyeni ezihlobene nezolimo, ukwakhiwa, ukongiwa kanye nezinye izindawo;
• Ukuqeqeshwa yakhelwe ukuqeqeshwa umshayeli;
• Ukuqeqeshwa wasebenzisa ukuhlanganisa lo ulwazi abashayeli bezindiza;
• ucwaningo oludingekayo imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, futhi abanye.

Isifunda abasenzela yilezi: Aerodrome, bhalobasar onek, umzila ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-piste.

Ukuphakama izindiza zihlukaniswe badlulisela encane kakhulu, amancane, aphakathi nendawo, ende, emachibini esemkhathini.

Kuye izici sezwe phezu lapho kukhiqizwa (ethafeni, izintaba, ugwadule, kwamanzi, ezindaweni ezibandayo), izindiza nakho nezimfuneko ezithile.

Okufuneka nezisebenzi

Amatilosi indiza unesibopho kusebenta kwato. isakhiwo sayo ungase wakhiwe abantu ngokugcwele imithwalo Ubuchwepheshe nokuba imibhalo ziqu eqinisekisa ukuthi eqinisweni. Amatilosi indiza kungavunyelwa ukundiza kuphela abathwele ikhomishana nesinqumo sezokwelapha, kufanele kudingeka ukuba asebenze amahora zafinyelela.

amazinga athile okufanele zifinyelelwe zezisebenzi bhalisiwe e Ikhodi Air yezwe.

Flight nezisebenzi

UMlawuli, umshayeli yesibili, indiza unjiniyela amalungu ngokuvamile aircrew kwengoma. Umlawuli unesibopho ukuphepha izindiza kanye abakhona ebhodini. Yena kuyisihluthulelo wonke umsebenzi kwenziwe abagibele isitsha, kokukwenza wonke amandla adingekayo.

I co-pilot wamabutho umsizi, ufanelwe ukuba bafeze imisebenzi yakhe.

Flight engineer uqaphe ngqo isimo imishini ngaphandle ukusebenzisana ukuthi izindiza ngeke ukwazi ukusebenza ngendlela efanele.

labaqeqeshi

Isibopho eyinhloko indiza izikhonzi kubhekwe umgibeli ukulawula ukuphepha, wenze izenzo eshiwo neziqondiso ezikhethekile. Esimeni i simo esingavamile laba bantu banesibopho ofeza esiphuthumayo abagibeli. Futhi, indiza izikhonzi aphoqelelwe ukudala izimo ezikahle ukuze abantu abagibele isitsha.

Izikhonzi kukhona ilawulwe abaphezulu indiza esikhonzini, ngubani uhlela ngezenzo zayo nge umkhuzi webutho.

Indiza ihlale ilawulwa abantu - izisebenzi noma ukude. Nganoma yimuphi umzuzu, umuntu indiza ungalawula inqubo yomsebenzi wakhe.