Inkinga isimo - isinqumo ... kanye kudalwa isimo inkinga

amazinga okusha zemfundo owethulwa hhayi kuphela ezikhungweni zemfundo, kodwa futhi izinkulisa. Iziqu esikhungweni zasenkulisa zemfundo kumele babe namakhono athile:

• ukuxazulula izinselele siqu nakongqondongqondo, kuye ngeminyaka yazo;
• kusebentisa lolwati ukusetha imisebenzi emisha, izixazululo zabo.

Izici yokufunda inkinga ezisekelwe

izimo eziyinkinga indlela uhlanganisa ukufundisa, ogxile yokufuna ulwazi ngokuxazulula izinkinga ezingokoqobo futhi theory. enkulisa uthisha osebenzisa inqubo efanayo, eba abafundi babo ikhono ngokuzimela umgomo ukuba ufune izindlela zokuziphindiselela ukuwufinyelela, ukuhlaziya umphumela. Sihlaziya izindlela ezahlukene ngokwakha isimo eziyinkinga lapho esikoleni ukufunda ukucinga ulwazi, ukusebenzisa ulwazi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

Iyini injongo yokufunda inkinga ezisekelwe

Ekuxazululeni izinkinga kunomthelela kwetinhlavu amakhono zokudala abafundi ukuthuthukisa ukuzimela. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yokuqeqesha okunjalo ihilela ukufundisa ukusungulwa buhlobene eduze abadala kanye nezingane. Ukudalwa isimo inkinga - thishela zezinkinga. Anakho ukuya nge iketango guys eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuzoba ekuqaleni observation elula, futhi umphumela - ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo yokuxazulula le nkinga iyabheda. Ngolwazi olusha yazuza ngokuhamba lokhu kusebenzisana, ingane igcina ifundile izici ezintsha into wafunda, ukufunda ukuze ubuze imibuzo, bafuna izimpendulo kubo.

Izici yokufunda inkinga ezisekelwe

kabusha ezinkulu imfundo, izindlela ezintsha kanye izinhlobo imfundo zasenkulisa olwenziwa e-Russia. Kunezinhlobo entsha izikhungo pre-school, okuhloswe ngaso ukwakheka amakhono zokuziphatha futhi ngokwengqondo kwezingane ubudala wasesikoleni samabanga aphansi. ukunakwa okukhulu ikhokhelwa imfundo pre-school kuyinto ukwakheka kancane kancane izenzo engqondo, ikhono ukuxazulula izimo eziyinkinga, imisebenzi emiswe uthisha.

Ukuhlobana ukuqeqeshwa

ukuqeqeshwa ngaleyo ndlela akufani ukulungiselela bendabuko zasenkulisa umsebenzi engqondweni yethu. Ojahidada zifunde amakhono self-imfundo, self-yokufunda, lapho kuyodingeka empilweni esikoleni. ukuhlaziywa qualitative ka isimo inkinga - indlela ukuze uthole isipiliyoni entsha.

History of the inkinga ubuchwepheshe

Umlando ukusetshenziswa ekufundeni inkinga ezisekelwe busekelwe esidlule ejulile. Ngo imisebenzi I. G. Pestalotstsi, J.-J. Rousseau ahlinzekwa "izindlela zokufunda esebenzayo." isimo Inkinga - kuyindlela ukuze uthole okuhlangenwe nakho okusha, ukugqugquzela imisebenzi zezingane siqu. Ekuqaleni uthisha waseMelika wekhulu lama-20 John. Dewey bahlakulele umqondo yokufunda inkinga ezisekelwe. It inikeza inguqulo yendabuko imfundo zasenkulisa kanye esikoleni samabanga aphansi ukuze esikhundleni imfundiso ehlukile ngokuxazulula izinkinga ezingokoqobo ezihlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho zokuhlolwa eziningi olwenziwa Dewey, wayeqiniseka ukuthi isimo eziyinkinga ezasenkulisa ukunikeza amathuba okungaphezulu kakhulu kwalokho okungakulahlekela ngamazwi (incwadi, ngamazwi) ukuqeqeshwa ezihlobene impahla nje ngekhanda. Kuyinto pedagogy yesimanje Dewey ukweleta obhekwe welithi "isenzo ephelele ukucabanga." yokufunda okusebenzayo, ehlongozwayo ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka eledlule eRussia "unamathele" kuphela lapho umuntu eba amazinga amasha zemfundo.

Izibonelo zezimo eziyinkinga ezasenkulisa

Nasi isibonelo isimo inkinga ezasenkulisa. Izingane ahlinzekwa amabhlogo tabobunjwa nosayizi, zazo abanawo wokwakha indlu. Emva kokuthola umsebenzi, izingane kumelwe siqale sicabangele ukuthi ipulani yalo ukuthatha isinyathelo esasiyobonisa ukuthi sithathe cubes e ijamo, ubungako, ukuthola esitebeleni ekhaya design. Uma izingane miss amaphuzu idatha, abakwazi lapho zibhekene nomsebenzi ukubeka uthisha phambi kwabo. Ngesikhathi umsebenzi ngokuhlanganyela, izingane zifunda ukuba ukuxhumana, ukuthuthukisa umqondo weqembu.

Ingqikithi inkinga efundisa esikoleni

ukuqeqeshwa okunjalo ezihlukile, kuye ngokuthi okwethulwe ngayo inkinga uthisha. isimo Inkinga igxile ukwenziwa ulwazi, ukuthuthukiswa okudala esikoleni. I izinkulisa kabanzi athuthukile imidlalo indima-ukudlala, okuyinto asho ngayo ekufundeni inkinga ezisekelwe. Zama udokotela othile kwezemfundo, ingane igcina ifundile ukuxhumana "iziguli". Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho eyomsiza enkulu ekukhethweni kuka umsebenzi esikhathini esizayo, kuyoba isisusa esikhulu ulwazi olusha. Ngenkathi isikhungo zasenkulisa zemfundo, ingane igcina ifundile ukuba nginqobe ubunzima bokusungula, isimo inkinga kuye - kungcono ithuba elikhulu azibonakalise. Lokho inkinga ukhuthaza ezasenkulisa ukuba ukucabanga, iyifundisa ongakhetha kuzo semali ulwazi eyodwa kuphela ukuthi uzodinga ukuphuma kuleso simo wamanje. Ukuphikisana ukuthi esivela kule nqubo kuyoba indlela esiyinhloko ngcono engqondweni yethu esizayo umsebenzi kuqala.

Izincomo ngezinto ongazenza ku-TO

Isiphi isimo inkinga - kuba engajwayelekile Isimo sengane. Ukuthola indlela elilungile yokuxazulula le nkinga iyabheda incike ezingaba okudala uthisha. yokufunda Inkinga ezisekelwe kuhilela inhlangano ngokusebenzisa play nemisebenzi yocwaningo okudala esikoleni. Ukusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene kumiswa umsebenzi engqondweni yethu balezi zingane, uthisha izenzo ngokuyinhloko izingane ngokomzwelo futhi volitional. Umnakekeli enakekela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa ulwazi olusha izingane nomuzwa wokwaneliseka, ukuzijabulisa, injabulo. uthisha Aqine isimo eziyinkinga - kuba ithuba ukuletha izingane umuzwa wokwenama, ukungakwazi, ukumangala.

Ukudala, okudala ukuzimela preschooler, nezimo, ukucabanga heuristic izimpawu amandla nesifiso ukudala, baziqambela, ukusungula, baziqambela izithombe ezintsha.

Ukusebenza kuphrojekthi, umntwana uthola kusuka ku imisebenzi yayo kumnandi, uhlangabezana imizwelo eyakhayo. kulokhu kuphela sikwazi ukukhuluma ukuthuthukiswa egcwele ezingase zibe creative zasenkulisa, ekwakhekeni ubuntu obunobunye.

Kanjani ukwakha isimo eziyinkinga

Ukungqubuzana isixhumanisi yokufunda inkinga-based, ngakhoke kubalulekile ukubeka umbuzo ilungelo umntwana. Ngokuvamile imibuzo bahluke ngokuphelele e isakhiwo, cela izingane ngokwabo, "Kungani ijazi lasebusika?"; "Kungani isitshalo Liphuza amanzi, futhi engalandeli kuwo?"; "Kungani inkukhu zasekhaya inamaphiko, kodwa akusho ngimuke?"; "Kungani umhlaba round?" Izinkinga ukuthi ukugqugquzela izingane, lwathishela bhala phansi noma ngekhanda, nezikhathi sizophendula ukuba iqembu lonke. Umhlinzeki Kumele uthumele izingane ukucinga impendulo yombuzo othi, ziwulalelisise kuwukuziphikisa ukuze uvikele isinqumo esifanele engqondweni yengane. Thishela ngenhloso lizokwenza ukuphikisana phakathi namaqiniso esayensi aziwayo ukuthi umntwana, futhi ukuphila ezimweni.

izibonelo ucwaningo

Ngokufunda izakhiwo amanzi, izingane bayofunda ukuthi amaphesenti angu-80 abantu nezilwane akhiwe amanzi. Ukudala isimo eziyinkinga uthisha uyabuza, "Kungani umzimba wethu uketshezi, ngenxa yokuthi sinefu amanzi kangaka?" Ngokubambisana guys uthisha ufuna impendulo futhi bafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi amanzi - ngaphakathi emzimbeni, ngakho-ke asivelanga umuntu. Uthisha e search for impendulo yombuzo owabuzwa ulalele konke ukuphikisana izingane, bebakhuthaza somsebenzi, ngomzamo khombisa lwati lwabo. Uma konke guys bazinikeze nezabo izimpendulo, ndawonye ukhetha isixazululo ezivamile.

Ukuze uthole impendulo efanele kungaba kwenziwe futhi isilingo. Izingane nge uthisha (noma abazali) basihlikihle izaqathe, beet, amazambane, juice isibambo, bese uqhathanisa nenani ketshezi walulama. Ucwaningo encane olwenziwe ososayensi esizayo, kuyoba ukutholakala sangempela ezinganeni. Ukudala isimo eziyinkinga, thishela nokuphoqa abadlali bakhe ukuba bathole ulwazi, ukuthuthukisa ukuzimela ngcono.

amakhadi fancy

Isimo eziyinkinga kungadalwa ekilasini ngoba imfundo ngokomzimba. Isifundo "ukubingelela amakhadi for ngengulube" kungaba kwenziwe ngesimo umdlalo. Uthisha unxusa izingane ukusiza pick up for ngengulube isipho. Emdwebeni mayelana Wini Phu umbuzo isipho imbongolo, ngakho umbuzo yini ukunikeza ngengulube, ekuqaleni kubonakala sabafokazi. The guys ngezinto ezahlukene ukuthi kunganikeza ngengulube. umzimba Ezivamile kungenziwa zaphenduka amashabhu othakazelisayo lapho ingane ngayinye kuyoba wayematasa enza namakhadi engavamile ikhathuni iqhawe. Kufanele nje beveza Ikhadi lokubingelela, kodwa futhi ukuthola yonke imininingwane for wakhe. Ukuze uqale nge guys ugcwalise babo bemilingo amabhokisi (amabhokisi umsebenzi). imininingwane ethile yesimo ibhokisi esigabeni ngasinye: tindilinga, izimbali, amacembe. Kanye umfundisi izingane hlabelela ngeziphonso magic, amazwi invents naye onguthisha. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye onjalo guys engavamile isiko uqala ukudala namakarada okwesikhathi ngengulube fabulous. Ingane ngayinye ithola ekupheleni ikhadi kwabo ngabanye, izihloko ephelele ongawathumela othini ekhethekile.

Ukubaluleka yokufunda inkinga ezisekelwe

Isiphi isimo inkinga ezihlongozwayo nguthishela, uphefumulela esikoleni, kusiza ukuvusa futhi yakha umsebenzi engqondweni yethu, ukuthuthukisa lokusungula. Umbono wokuthi ubeka uthisha ekuqaleni esimisweni, njengoba okuhlukile yokufunda inkinga ezisekelwe.

isiphetho

Ngezinye ajwayelane emhlabeni yokufunda izingane inkinga ezisekelwe kuphambili ezinhlelweni zikaHulumeni. Lapho udinga ukuxazulula inkinga ethize yengane ugxilisa ukunaka kwakhe, inkumbulo, ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha ukuzivumelanisa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Nokuzibona ekwakhiweni imibono eyayisinesikhathi, ezasenkulisa ufunde ukuzibekela imigomo amakilasi, funa ongakhetha futhi izinhlobo zocwaningo. Uma ukudala izimo inkinga ngamabomu abadala ukhuthaze abantwana ukubeka phambili umbono ocatshangelwayo, nibafundise sifika eziphethweni ezithile. Ingane akesabi wenza iphutha, ngoba isiqiniseko sokuthi ngokusuka kuyo ngeke bajeziswe, kodwa kunalokho, nangawo wonke amazwi wengane nakanjani bakhuthazwa umfundisi.

Ukuze axazulule izinkinga zabo ngaphandle kokusaba ngephutha, - kuba inselele oyinhloko inkinga wezemfundo pre-school. Modern obrazovatelanya kabusha ezweni lethu kungokoqobo izinguquko ezinkulu kanye nokwethulwa amazinga amasha imfundo federal kwasekuqaleni kungenxa ukuqaliswa zasenkulisa inkinga indlela ukuqeqeshwa. Kukhona imiphumela wokuqala omuhle walokhu iNguquko, eqinisekisa ukubaluleka kanye ukuhambisana nesikhathi GEF. Izingane abakghona ukuhlela imisebenzi yabo, ngamafuphi umsebenzi, ngeke uhlangabezana nezinkinga phakathi nokuqeqeshwa ezikhungweni zemfundo.