Emagugu emasiko - ingxenye isiko impahla kanye ongokomoya owadalwa Ezizukulwaneni ezidlule

Ngokuhamba zeminyaka, zonke emlandweni womuntu idale imidwebo eminingi, izimpawu, izakhiwo, izithombe eziqoshiwe zasendlini. Njengoba ukuthola abalazi umuntu owayelomoya intshiseko Amazing kubanga iminonjana khona zabo - ukuze ngizame ukuzakhela isizukulwane esilandelayo noma ukuphishekela injongo zama-practical. Konke lokhu - izinto ezenziwe ngesandla, ukukwazi mpilo esintu. Kodwa akubona bonke kuba nakumasiko.

Emagugu emasiko - a okudaliwe eyenziwe esidlule (ezibonakalayo noma ngokomoya), lapho umuntu ebona lokhu ukubaluleka kwamasiko futhi ufuna iwagcine lekusasa. ifa Ngokusobala kuchazwa ngokuthi ingxenye ebalulekile isiko, ayezosebenza njengabaqondisi kokubili ngendlela yokunika umuntu izenzakalo yamasiko, futhi njengoba kakhulu isisekelo isiko. Ngamanye amazwi, nakumasiko - iyingxenye ekhethekile isiko, ukubaluleka okuyinto obonwa izizukulwane. manje waqaphela njengoba besikhathi sakhe nokukhuthala kufanele walondoloza futhi adluliselwa esizayo.

T. M. Mironova umelana welithi "lesikhumbuzo" futhi "nakumasiko". Ngokubona kwakhe, igama elithi "lesikhumbuzo" kusho into imemori USB. Nakuba nakumasiko ingamboziwe yithi isitoreji hhayi kuphela, kodwa imisebenzi ukwenza nabo, ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwabo kuze kube namuhla endaweni incazelo yesimanje.

izindlela ezimbili maqondana umphakathi kwamasiko Ukuvikelwa ifa kanye nokulondolozwa

1. Ukuvikelwa nakumasiko. Isimo futhi imfuneko eyinhloko okuqukethwe into kubhekwa Ukuvikelwa yayo emathonyeni angaphandle. Ilitshe waphakanyiselwa ubungcwele. It ithiya nokuxhumana into, kwasinda izinyathelo ezidingekile. isisekelo nengokomzwelo ebangelwa yilesi ubuhlobo umuzwa ukulangazelela izinsuku ubudala, noma isithakazelo rarities nezinto ezingcwele esidlule. Into kuchazwa njengendlela inkumbulo yesikhathi esidlule, owawusekelwe nobe esifundvweni lesitsite. I lasendulo esiningi into, lo elikhulu kubhekwa njengento yokudlulisela isitoreji yizinto zesikhathi esidlule. Kulesi mqondo, kukhona kusimo abalulekile. into Ngakho kuqashelwe ngokucophelela zika esedlule kwesikhathi into alien kulesimo esiguquguqukayo njalo. Wayengahlezi egcwele okuqukethwe okusha ngokushesha nezingozi ekubeni igobolondo ezingenalutho futhi azungeze umphakathi futhi ngenxa yalokho esimweni sokubona umbono.
2. Ukulondolozwa nakumasiko. Kuvele engxenyeni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili wesibili ngenxa yokuba yinkimbinkimbi ubuhlobo izikhumbuzo nakumasiko. Kuhlanganisa iqoqo izinyathelo, hhayi kuphela ukuze amvikele, kodwa nezalo cwaningo, incazelo kanye nokusebenzisa izinto zamasiko.

Okokuqala kuqashelwe ezinye izinto ngabanye (nasezakhiweni, ezikhumbuzweni), okuyinto bakhethwa ngochwepheshe, usebenzisa "zindlela sobala." Inguquko kusuka izinyathelo luyingxenye okuvikela ukuze alondoloze umqondo ukuvumele ukufaka kule nqubo yonke izakhiwo ngisho ensimini. Ukukhetha indawo nenqubo wandisa.

Indlela yesimanje akusho ayenqaba kwamasiko Ukuvikelwa ifa, kodwa kuholela nenshisekelo enkulu yale nqubo. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa oqondileyo lezinto zomlando (izakhiwo, izindawo) eyenza bona isifundo wokuvuselela ( "abayovuswa") of nakumasiko kuka ukugxila kuphela nokuvikeleka. Isilinganiso lesikhumbuzo usephendukele ngale elula obereganiya impahla wrapper into endala. Monuments of nakumasiko babé hhayi nje isikhumbuzi yesikhathi esidlule. Okokuqala, ziye zaba ebalulekile njengesici Inani emehlweni abantu ababephila ngesikhathi. Bagcwala nezincazelo entsha.

UNESCO amagugu amasiko. Imisebenzi emkhakheni nakumasiko ukulondolozwa

1972. "Ngo-Protection of the World emaSiko neweMvelo" ukwamukelwa soMthetho-sisekelo.

Incazelo welithi "nakumasiko" umhlangano enganikanga, kodwa izigaba ezibalwe ku-ke:

• Monuments of nakumasiko - esiwaqonda ebanzi, lokhu kuhlanganisa izakhiwo, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu, kunemibhalo, migede. Isikhumbuzo - iyunithi nakumasiko kuchazwa njengendlela into ethize nge kwezobuciko noma sesayensi (historical) Inani. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo unqobe inyumbazana ngenxa amasayithi komunye nomunye, njengoba kucatshangwa ubuhlobo babo komunye nomunye kanye nobuhlobo babo ne imvelo. Ukuqoqwa izikhumbuzo isiko wakha izwe umgomo.
• Ensembles, okuyinto zibalwa njengoba izakhiwo yezakhiwo.
• Amaphuzu ezithakazelisayo: ngumuntu noma kuye, kodwa futhi ne iqhaza elibonakalayo bemvelo.

Inani lale mhlangano imi kanje:

• ukuqaliswa indlela eqotho ekuhloleni ubuhlobo kwengcebo engokwesiko;
• Iqembu elisha lezinto (ezikhangayo) ingezwe esivikelekile;
• imihlahlandlela kuphela abanikwa kona ngenxa iinthombe zamagugu e ezomnotho kanye nokusebenzisa kwabo izinjongo ezifanele.

1992. La Petite-Pierre. Kubuyeketa Iziqondiso ekwenziweni kwe-Convention ngonyaka 1972. INgqungquthela eziyiNgcebo Yomhlaba izindawo, adalwe kokubili imvelo kanye indoda. Kodwa kwakungeyona inqubo ukuhlonza zabo, ukukhethwa. I ukulungiswa we ochwepheshe international ziye zakhomba futhi kufakwe umqondo ukuphathwa "landscape kwamasiko", okwaholela ukulungiswa ngemibandela kwamasiko. Ukwabela isimo landscape yamasiko ndawo, ngaphezu amagugu wonke amazwe omhlaba kumele usazoba esifundeni omele ezinemifanekiso ehlukile yayo. Ngakho, yaqalisa isigaba esisha nakumasiko.

1999. Izichibiyelo Iziqondiso ukuqaliswa eMhlanganweni ngonyaka 1972.
Okuqukethwe kwentelwa kutsi letichibiyelo bekulokhu incazelo eningiliziwe elithi "landscape kwamasiko", kanye nezici eziningi zezinto eziphilayo yayo. Lena yayihlanganisa:

1. Namathafa ngumuntu.
2. Ngokwemvelo ekuthuthukiseni namathafa.
3. namathafa associative.

Indlela yemvelo kwamasiko:

• emhlabeni njengenkondlo ebonisa ukubaluleka oluvelele zensimu;
• ubuqiniso sezwe;
• ubuqotho landscape.

2001. UNESCO lenkomfa, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho umqondo omusha zavela. namagugu angaphatheki kwezamasiko - lawa izinqubo ekhethekile umsebenzi womuntu nokutlama, ukukhuthaza nomuzwa nokwakha imiphakathi ahlukene namasiko ekulondolozeni ungubani yabo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke labelwa izinhlobo:

• ehlanganiswe amafomu yokuphila evamile impahla kanye empilweni yamasiko;
• amafomu yokukhuluma, hhayi emzimbeni ethulwa (lolulwimi cobo lwalo, amasiko ngomlomo ngocansi, iculo nomculo);
• ingxenye semantic amagugu eziphathekayo kwemasiko, lokuyintfo umphumela nencazelo yalo.

2003. Paris. Ukwamukelwa UNESCO Convention "Ngo Ukuvikelwa angaphatheki Cultural Heritage." Isidingo sokuba lo mcimbi wabizela yilo incompleteness we 1972 Convention, okungukuthi, akukho lapho kukhulunywa ngo idokhumenti izindinganiso ezingokomoya phakathi amasayithi eziyiNgcebo Yomhlaba.

Izithiyo ekulondolozweni nakumasiko

1. Abamele yimikhakha ehlukehlukene yomphakathi banemibono okuphambene ku ngesidingo sokulondoloza ifa ethile yesikhathi esidlule. Isazi-mlando ubona izakhiwo isampula uVictoria abadinga sokubuyiselwa. Usomabhizinisi ubona isakhiwo agugile, okuyinto edingekayo ukuba baphathe futhi ukusebenzisa icebo singenamuntu komhlaba wokwakha kwesitolo esikhulu.
2. Hhayi athuthukile nenqubo owamukelwa ukubaluleka isayensi, noma ubuciko into, okungukuthi, nguyiphi intfo kufanele kwenziwe isibaluli amagugu amasiko, futhi yiziphi akuzona.
3. With isixazululo evumayo wokuqala izimpikiswano ezimbili (okungukuthi, value, lndodakazi neyaziwayo ukubaluleka), kukhona uxakekile oluthandwa izindlela ka kulondolozwe nakumasiko.

Inani nakumasiko kwetinhlavu ukwazi zomlando

I ushintsha nsuku zonke umuntu wanamuhla ngokucace ngokwengeziwe nebafuna ukuhileleka okuthile okuhlala njalo. Ukuzihlanganisa okuthile okuphakade, yasekuqaleni - izindlela ziba nomuzwa ukuzinza, ngokuqiniseka futhi ngokuzethemba.

izinjongo Unjalo ukutshalwa ukwazi zomlando - imfundo ekhethekile ezingokwengqondo, uvumela umuntu ukuze ujoyine imemori zenhlalo yabantu bakubo futhi yokuqothula eminye imiphakathi, kanye ukucubungula futhi ukusakaza ulwazi umcimbi kazwelonke okubalulekile emlandweni. Ukwakhiwa ukwazi zomlando kungenzeka kuphela ukuthembela kumemori zomlando. Substrates memory zomlando kukhona iminyuziyamu, imitapo yolwazi kanye zomlando. NF Fedorov Museum elikubiza ngokuthi "inkumbulo eyabelwe", iphikisane ukufa okungokomoya.

Ukushintsha Izinto Eziza Kuqala yentuthuko ukwazi zomlando

1. Nokwenziwa umqondo zomlando isikhathi - emagugu emasiko asebentisa tindlela letehlukene lisita ngabanye ukuqonda indaba, uzizwa kwenkathi ngokuxhumana izinto zamagugu futhi uqaphele kubonakala ngokuqondene zabo ezithile.
2. ukuqaphela Permenchivosti yamanani - Thola nakumasiko njengoba isethulo se-nezimiso zokuziphatha futhi ngenxa yobuhle zabantu esikhathini esidlule; ukushintshwa umbukiso, ukusakaza futhi sibonise lamagugu ngezikhathi ezihlukene.
3. Ajwayelane imisuka engokomlando kwamaqembu ezinhlanga nezizwe ngokusebenzisa ngesibonakaliso amasampula eyiqiniso Folk art nekungeniswa izakhi interactive ngesimo ukuhileleka yokuhlala nemikhuba yamasiko kanye nemikhosi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto nakumasiko ekuhleleni nomphakathi

Emagugu emasiko - kukhona izinto zesikhathi esidlule, okuyinto ingaba njengesihluthulelo isici yentuthuko emphakathini wanamuhla. Lokhu kucatshangwa Sekuyisikhathi eside kuxoxwa, kodwa ukusebenza nokusebenzisa waqala engxenyeni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili wesibili. amazwe Advanced lapha Melika, Spain, Australia. Model wale ndlela kungaba Colorado-2000 phrojekthi. Loluhlelo ukuthuthukiswa eponymous States. Ngesisekelo inqubo ukuthuthukiswa isifakwe ukulondolozwa emagugu emasiko Colorado. Ukufinyelela iqhaza kuhlelo ingatholwa yibo bonke, ukuthi ngenxa ukuvumele ukubandakanya kule nqubo abamele zonke izinhlaka zomphakathi Colorado. Ochwepheshe kanye abavamile, izikhungo zombuso kanye nezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, izinkampani kanye namafemu encane - imizamo yabo elihlangene abangu okuhloswe ngaso samuntu tinhlelo tekutfutfukisa Colorado ezisekelwe ukudalula ubunjalo yayo yomlando. Lezi zinhlelo zivumela abahlanganyeli ukuzizwa abathwali njengoba eyiqiniso isiko nasezweni lokuzalwa, ukuzizwa okomnikelo ngamunye ukugcinwa isethulo amagugu emhlabeni ndawo.

Inani nakumasiko ekulondolozeni ukwehluka eziyingqayizivele amasiko

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla imingcele ukuxhumana phakathi imiphakathi kahle, futhi kusengozini yasekuqaleni esikweni lesizwe, okuyinto okunzima ezidla ukunakwa nge mass imihlola.

Ngakho kunesidingo ukuletha abantu siyaziqhenya ifa labantu, ukubandakanya nabo ekulondolozweni amasayithi lesifunda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele ukhiqize inhlonipho ungubani ezinye izizwe namazwe. Konke lokhu kuhloswe ezibhekene kwembulunga yonke ka isiko emhlabeni kanye nokulahlekelwa ungubani abanamasiko kazwelonke.