Mongol-Tatar ijoka. Inani lawo e isiphetho zomlando Russia

XIII ekhulwini abantu Russia kwaba nenkathi yovivinyo olunzima, umzabalazo njalo okusinda. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi umthwalo osindayo yawela emahlombe abantu ejokeni Mongol-Tatar. Ngaziphebeza XIII leminyaka, u-Alexander saseNevsky yabonisa entshonalanga amandla izingalo Russian. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi ngxabano nobuqhawe kwakufanele nomthelela on isiphetho sonke isizwe. Izinguquko abathintekayo yonke imikhakha yempilo: kwemingcele yezomnotho, yezenhlalo yenkolo. Russia isibe uhlobo sesikhashana, oqubuke mayelana negagasi abayimizulane. Ukuthi kabavumelanga izindimbane omkhulu wokuthi amaMongol-AmaTatar emkhathini Europe.

Lo mkhankaso wokuqala Batu Khan waqala ngo 1236. Ngemva kokunqotshwa iVolga Bulgaria amabutho ayo baphuthuma Ryazan. Nakuba eRussia wabusa ukungezwani phakathi izikhulu, ukulwa ne abayimizulane kwadingeka Ryazanians wedwa. Ngenxa yalokho, umuzi wabhujiswa ngokuphelele futhi izakhamuzi zalapho noma abafa noma uthathile ebugqilini, ingxenye encane nje kuphela babalekela, ecasha emahlathini. Zabulawa ezehlela Kolomna, uVladimir, Suzdal futhi Torzhok. Khan Batu baphuthuma Novgorod, kodwa inyamazane nokuhlinza abadliwa sebutho kakade langakufanelekela senzo. Ngenxa yalokho, amaMongol emuva.

Kodwa kakade 1239 lo zidlamlilo kuqala umkhankaso omusha, lapho bathunjwa baphanga Kiev, Murom, Gorokhovets, ngemva kwalokho imihambuma zathuthelekela lokuqala kuya Galicia-naseVolyn Rus, bese eYurophu. Kodwa siqhubeke nokukhankasela amaMongol kwadingeka ezimpini ngaphandle kwegazi kanye nempi Russian.

Uma-Europe Batu wahamba foray ke eRussia ekhokhwa intela esindayo, futhi waqala ijoka Mongol-Tatar. Kuyinto isikhathi eside ukuyeka ukuthuthukiswa Russia. It yabangela umonakalo omkhulu kwezolimo namasiko. Imiphumela amaMongol-Tatar ijoka Russia wazibonakalisa ezinzima kakhulu. Phakathi imikhankaso amabili ayekade zashisa nemizi 50, 14 babo baye wesula ngokuphelele futhi engakaze savuka, amadolobha 15 ezingabakhona ezohwebo kanye izikebhe izikhungo babé ngendlu edolobheni elincane.

Mongol-Tatar ijoka Dweba ngokuphelele ibalazwe Russia. Kakhulu ziyancipha indima Kiev, awasalayo emva kwempahla izindlu engamakhulu hhayi engaphezu kwemibili. The best amakhosi AmaTatar sekudingiselweni izigqila, ekuqedeni izikebhe kuyinkimbinkimbi. A umthwalo osindayo oba emahlombe intela kubantu isiRashiya, aqokwe ababusi zidlamlilo. izikhulu Russian kwadingeka ukuya zidlamlilo ukuthola ilungelo lokubusa, futhi lokho kwenza kwehlukana principalities.

Mongol-Tatar ijoka kwadingeka izici zayo. Chief phakathi kwabo - wukuthi iRussia abafakiwe emazweni zidlamlilo. Lena ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi amahlathi Russian babe engafanele abayimizulane. Eyesibili sici - ukubekezelelana we amaMongol AmaTatar. Nebandla sasingekho isidingo sokulalela cishe akukho izintela, ekuphenduleni abapristi baqhubeka imihambuma wabiza izikhulu Russian ukuba kube nokubekezelelana.

Kokugumbuqelwa ijoka Mongol-Tatar wayeseGibithe ngekhulu xv, ngemva ukuphikiswa Russian kanye zidlamlilo khandlu umlomo River Ugra. Ayikho inhlangano iye yanquma ku imisebenzi asebenzayo, kodwa Khan Akhmat ezingenamafutha kwadingeka ukuthi ahambe nebutho lakhe, futhi nangemva kokuba ezamile wahluleka ukuthola ukubuyiselwa amandla elaseRussia.