I Free Trade Area - kuyinto ... Mahhala esishintshashintshayo kwezomnotho

Izinga lapho manje ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe futhi kwamaZwe zidinga kabusha njalo izindlela emakethe. Kusolwa kule uxhumano, ukusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene yebhizinisi ukubambisana. Ukuxhumana kwezinye izimo yokuzuza uhlamvu global. Umhlaba Umnotho Wezangaphandle abakuhlakulelayo namuhla ezimweni esikhundleni nzima. Ukuqinisekisa ukubambisana ephumelela kunazo kwenziwa ezihlukahlukene izinyathelo. Omunye wabo icwecwe Ukukhetha esishintshashintshayo kulo nokuxhumana kwezomnotho esindayo. Cabanga kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini izindawo ezinjalo.

Uhlolojikelele

khulula kwezomnotho ukuhweba zone ivumela kwezinye States kanye nezifunda ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zanamuhla, ukunciphisa igebe abaholi. On kule nsimu bakha umbuso ekhethekile okukhethekile of imisebenzi yezomnotho kanye emakethe ngokuhambisana izici kazwelonke kanye zemvelo. free ukuhweba zone - isifunda lapho wadala izimo ezikahle kakhulu Luhambo ubuchwepheshe obusha, ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle, kanye okuphathwa isipiliyoni. Ngo mashumi eminyaka ambalwa okugcina, sekuyinto esiyi ethandwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezinjalo. Okokuqala baqala ukwakha sikhathi emazweni athuthukile. wekuhweba yaqala ukubonakala ku-yalolucwaningo 60-70. Kancane kancane, isikhala esisodwa emakethe lutho iye yashintshwa yaba imfundo ephelele. Ngemva kwalokho, lokhu kudinga ukubambisana hhayi kuphela kodwa futhi baqhuba jikelele, eqinisweni inqubomgomo common, ukuvumelana okuphelele nohlaka oluhambisana ngokomthetho.

Uyini khulula ukuhweba zone?

Lena kweqembu zesifunda zamazwe asathuthuka nalawo asethuthukile kakhulu. Ngaphakathi kuwo emakethe azisebenzi imisebenzi. I Free Trade Area - kuwuhlobo ukuhlanganiswa. Abahlanganyeli ukususa yamanani ngomunye nomunye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokuphathelene amazwe wesithathu, iqembu ngalinye usesayine izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, ilungelo nenqubomgomo yokuziphatha yayo emakethe.

ezicini ezinhle ukudalwa izindawo intela

Isivumelwano samazwe onke esisayinwe ababambiqhaza, ikuvumela ukuba:

• Ukuze sandise imingcele emakethe yangaphakathi.
• Nyusa mncintiswano. Ngenxa yalokho, esisodwa noma esinye isifunda uyakwazi ukunqoba ezingeni eliphansi intuthuko yomnotho. Ngaleyo ndlela kwaqinisa indima yalo kuleli inzuzo Imininingwane, singadingeki ku nezinye izifunda.
• Ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda. Lokhu, kube sekwandisa ukuthekelisa futhi ukungenisa bezikhali esimweni esithile.
• Ukuze unqobe yinkimbinkimbi yokuthengisa imikhiqizo eseqedile namasevisi emakethe.

ukuxhumana Ukwandiswa

Emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule, kuye kwaba khona ukukhula kwezinga inani izivumelwano lesifunda. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-July 2005, kwathiwa aziswe kumadokhumenti WTO 330. Wabo usebenza eminyakeni eyalandela waqala 180. Iningi labo - kwi free ukuhweba isivumelwano zone. Of lonke inani amathuluzi ezikhona ku-akhawunti yakhe mayelana 84%. Izingxoxo ziqhutshwa ku 96%. Ukuvumelana wekuhweba kudinga izimo esobala kakhulu abahlanganyeli. Yilesi isizathu esenza ukuba amaphesenti esiphakeme kangaka. Free Trade Zone - ensimini akudingi ukubambisana ekhethekile izinqubomgomo emakethe ngamakhasimende angaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ke igcina ukuzimela umbuso ukudalwa amasiko umbuso maqondana besithathu.

ngokucacile

esishintshashintshayo Mahhala ongaxazulula izinkinga eziphathelene ukufinyelela ezimakethe zamasu. Kulo mongo, ukusondela ezindawo wabahlanganyeli ngezinye izikhathi kungadingeki. Lezi zindawo zihluke nezinye, izinhlobo eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphezulu ukuhlanganiswa ehilela emngceleni ezivamile phakathi kwesibambisene nabo. Isivumelwano ngesikhathi WTO kuhilela kumiswa uhlelo kubasekeli izimfuneko zokungabi ukusungulwa kanye nokusebenza alandelayo esishintshashintshayo. Kwasekuqaleni, bavunyelwe kumiswa lezi zindawo njengoba okuhlukile ku izimo ezikahle kakhulu (nge izintandokazi Emazweni asathuthuka, ukwethulwa izimakethe cross-border, nokunye). Ezimweni ezinjalo, amaqembu iqhaza uyogcwalisa isisekelo oyithandayo. Okwesibili, isivumelwano kufanele waphetha kuphela namanye States amaqembu. Ukungena ukuxhumana nabantu abaseceleni kumele kwenziwe njengoba okuhlukile. Kufanele kuqashelwe lapha ukuthi ukugujwa leli lungiselelo practice kunalokho edidayo. Inguquko emakethe khulula kufanele abe kumqhubezela ku ukuhweba phakathi kwezinhlangano, ngaphandle kokudala izithiyo emazweni wesithathu. izenzo Regional ukukhonza abe umphelelisi izimiso kumiswa kubasekeli uhlelo emakethe-based, kodwa njengoba kuqhathaniswa kubo. ukuhweba Mahhala kufanele amboze iningi inzuzo izimpahla phakathi kwezinhlangano, kuhlanganise amagatsha ayinhloko yomsebenzi wezomnotho, futhi kumelwe kwenziwe nhlangothi zombili. izindawo Ezemfundo intela okumele kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanele. Isikhathi kungaba iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile. Kukholakala ukuthi le nkathi kwanele ukuqedela iningi abakhiqizi ukuba nezimo ezintsha ukuncintisana.

izici zayo

esishintshashintshayo Mahhala kuhluke ngezici ezithile eziphawulekayo. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa:

1. Inani abahlanganyeli.
2. amanani ngokuqhathanisa we nomnotho wamazwe amaqembu.
3. Amazinga ezahlukene zentuthuko yomnotho.
4. Modal Ukusabalala ezimbonini kanye nemikhiqizo.
5. Umthelela emnothweni kazwelonke.
6. Isikhathi kwathatha emakethe khulula.
7. Izinga ancike kwelinye nelinye yangempela phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili ngokuya kwezomnotho.
8. Okusho isici zezombusazwe.
9. Imikhuba, amagugu kanye namasiko yenqubo ukuhlanganiswa esifundeni.

izimpawu ezivamile

Naphezu uhlu umehluko ngenhla, zikhona izici eziningana ukuthi sihlanganise esishintshashintshayo khulula. Lezi amaphethini jikelele kumele kubonelelwe kumiswa edlulela emasimini amasha. Okokuqala, kufanele ugcizelele yokuthi ukusungulwa indawo kumele abe ngemuva kuhle ezijulile zomlando, ezombusazwe, ezomnotho, yesifunda, omphakathi namanye nemvelo. Kuwufanele ukugqamisa ezingeni emakethe nokuxhumana Imibandela esifundeni. Ngakho-ke, babephakathi 2008:

• 66,8% - EU.
• 24,9% - ASEAN.
• 12.9% - MERCOSUR.
• 55,8% - Nafta.

free ukuhweba zone, njengoba umkhuba imibukiso, kuba nomphumela omuhle ezingeni yentuthuko States amaqembu. Njengoba sihambisana nale shift sokubambisana ngeke njalo ucabange inzuzo efanayo. I okungu namanani kanye nemiphumela kwezibalo ashukumisayo okuyizinto sici for lithi umuntu zihlukile komunye nomunye. Lokhu kungenxa umehluko ekukhiqizeni emakethe izakhiwo, amakhono abakhiqizi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha, nekusebenta ekusetshenzisweni.

abaholi

Namuhla, kwakheka izikhungo eyinhloko "ukuthatheka" izindawo duty-free. ekhangayo ngoba abathuthi angaphandle ikhipha athuthukile ezigcawini olunzulu amasiko Izinyunyana noma uthi ngabanye. Zinikeza ukwakheka iningi izimo ukuziphatha esikhuluma ngokuhwebelana komhlaba wonke. Kulesi sigaba achazwa kanye nabaholi ukwamukeleka ngaphandle kokungatshazwa. I amaningi kukhona United States Free Trade Zone, India, eChile, EFTA. Singapore yandile kwenkululeko nokubambisana fast ngokwanele. Inani elikhulu izivumelwano ne-European Union. Ekuqaleni izingxoxo nabo isimo kuyodingeka acabangele hhayi kuphela amaphethini main, okumele ukuthuthukisa komsebenzi endaweni khulula. I Free Trade Area ne-EU kufanele ezimise ngokuhambisana nemigomo yenqubomgomo amazwe Union uqobo.

Uthi emazweni angomakhelwane

Ngokusho izindaba ejensi, Canada izinhlelo ukuvula emakethe izimpahla ezimbonini Ukraine. Lokhu kuyoba ngemva ukusayinwa imibhalo efanele. Ngasekuqaleni kwabikwa ukuthi uNdunankulu Yatsenyuk uzoya UK, USA and Canada. Investment Conference izobanjelwa e-United States. Lapho imibhalo iziqu izonikwa, owawuthi izokwakhiwa khulula ukuhweba zone. Ukraine ihlele ukuphakela eCanada amafektri ubunjiniyela kanye izimpahla ezimbonini. Ngemva kwalokho Yatsenyuk uhlela ukuhamba eLondon, lapho uyobe ukuxoxisana ukusekelwa Kiev.

Izoni yohwebo khulula eRussia

ERussia, FTA usebenze njengoba amasiko emafektri nezindawo. Imodi e-Warehouse ka isethelwe okuqukethwe yezimpahla ezingena ngaphandle kokukhokha imisebenzi, kanye imikhiqizo ukuthunyelwa nge kwemali noma yokukhululeka izimali. Isikhathi esiphezulu ngesikhathi lapho kungenzeka izimpahla agcinwe, - iminyaka emithathu. Phakathi nale nkathi, imikhiqizo nolimi bangase babe ukuhlunga, ukupakisha, breaking ngobuningi, ukufaka nokunye. Eqinisweni umnikazi wamasiko ishede inikeza amaklayenti nge intela, kuhlanganise eside, ukubolekisa. enezimo ezingcono ayatholakala ngokwezifiso zone. Ngaphezu abolekise, lapho zinikwa ithuba ngiqhube ibhizinisi ngaphandle yokuthengisa okudayisa nomsebenzi ezimbonini. ishede Mahhala akukho isikhathi nomkhawulo okuqukethwe izimpahla. FTA kuqala WaseRussia yadalwa Nakhodka. Ilayisensi waklonyeliswa JSC "Dalintermet". Le nkampani inikeza full of yokudoba elingasekho empini nezitsha commercial futhi Navy emikhunjini laqaqwa. JSC unelungelo ukungenisa duty-free imishini angaphandle kanye nobuchwepheshe nokuthengiswa.