FL 400 - Federal uMthetho Umshwalense Izimpesheni. FZ 400 amazwana

Yiziphi impesheni umshwalense? Impendulo yalo mbuzo kuqukethwe inombolo 400-FZ "Ngo Umshwalense Izimpesheni". Kuyinto lo mthetho kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni.

On isiqondiso zomthetho

Kuthunyelwe bill yakhelwe ngokuhambisana noMthethosisekelo Russian. It ihlose ukusungula isisekelo ukuvela kanye nokuqaliswa amalungelo ezakhamuzi ezifana umshwalense impesheni. Ngenhloso yokulawulwa № 400-FZ ukuvikela amalungelo kwanika abaseRussia amandla yomshuwalense kanye izimpesheni kunikelwa ngaphansi ayimpoqo umshwalense impesheni hlobo. Futhi lapha kumele ukuba kubhekelwe ukubaluleka komphakathi emisebenzini futhi orientation nezenhlalakahle umnotho kuleli zwe kanye nezimiso zomthetho-sisekelo ka izinkokhelo wahlanganyela izakhamuzi impesheni.

Kufanele futhi ukhulume ukulawulwa zezomthetho wemboni impesheni. № 400-FZ - akulona isiqondiso kuphela elawula nokukhokhwa uhlobo impesheni. Lapha kumele nathi ukugqamisa inombolo 156-FZ "Ngo-Social Insurance", zoMthetho Federal "Ngo-akhawunti okwenziwe samuntu embonini umshwalense," kanye namanye imithetho. Zonke izimiso, ngokuya nge-Athikili 2 № 400-FZ, yakhelwe ukuhlanganisa uhlelo ekhona impesheni kanye nesimanje ke.

Mayelana nemiqondo eyisisekelo

Esikhathini samanje isenzo normative iqukethe inqwaba imiqondo ezikhethekile kakhulu, okuyinto kungaba kuwufanele ukuze unake. Uyini Umshuwalense impesheni? Ngokomthetho, inkokhelo zezimali, okuyinto has a njalo ngenyanga, ukuze sivale lapho sisilela iholo kwesamba phezu okuvela ubudala ukukhubazeka kwabo. Kubalulekile ukuba acabangele kwesikhathi umshwalense. Umthetho uthi isipiliyoni umshwalense ubizwa ngokuthi isikhathi ingqikithi izinkathi umsebenzi, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho futhi amaphrimiyamu ekhokheliswa Russian Sempesheni esibhalisiwe.

Omunye umqondo obaluleke kakhulu - kungcono impesheni isici. Ngokusho isibalo 400-FZ "Ngo Umshwalense Izimpesheni", siyindlela ekhethekile zingabonisa amalungelo impesheni yomuntu oVikelwe amayunithi isihlobo. Izindleko zalesi isilinganiso kungenzeka isilinganiso nenani umshuwalense ngohlobo impesheni ukusekelwa ngokwezimali.

Ngubani umuntu unelungelo lokubamba umshwalense impesheni?

Yikuphi abantu babe nethuba lokuthola uhlobo umshwalense impesheni? Ngokusho Article 4 № 400-FZ, kumele kube abantu nobunarha Russian abanale umshwalense ekhethekile. Kwezinye izimo, unamalungelo impesheni, namalungu omndeni sabantu kwesamba abangakwazi ukuhlanganyela emsebenzini zabasebenzi. Lapha kufanele wanezela abezinye izizwe futhi abantu lizwe ababhekwa njengezakhamuzi zalo.

Ngokusho Article 5, angakuvumela ukuthola impesheni umshwalense kanye nohlobo zomphakathi kanyekanye. Izakhamizi banelungelo lokuthola impesheni umshwalense banelungelo lokuthola impesheni azikhethele. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo umshuwalense:

• ngokuqondene yokufuna isimo abakhubazekile;
• izinzuzo abasindile ';
• nokuguga.

Isigaba 7 umisa imitsetfo ukulondeka ngokwezimali umshwalense impesheni hlobo. Ngakho, kulesi sikweletu Ingabuye ilungiswe itfutfukiswe, eziphathelene nesanda izindleko ukukhokhwa umshwalense-uhlobo impesheni. Izinguquko ezinjalo, ngakho avunyelwe kanye kuphela ngonyaka zigcina ngaphakathi isabelomali unyaka omusha futhi inkathi okuhleliwe.

Amagama kokuqokwa komkhandlu izinkokhelo umshwalense impesheni

ESahlukweni 2 zoMthetho Federal № 400-FZ ngokuningiliziwe wembula izinhlobo eziyisisekelo izimangalo umshwalense, kanye nemibandela ukuqaliswa yabo. Esihlokweni 8 kuziwa kumiswa kokukhokhwa kwempesheni ukumaka ukuqala zokuguga. yobudala ezilawulwayo bomphakathi, ezempi kanye civil. Setha isikhathi okungenani iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu impesheni ngesisekelo umshwalense. Iphinde likhuluma isilinganiso njalo okungayikukhohlakala kube ngaphansi kuka-30.

I-Athikili 9 sibeka iziqondiso impesheni ngokuba mina ekhubazekile, II noma III iqembu. Ngokomthetho, ukuvuma isakhamuzi ekhubazekile kungaba ngihlolwa-kwezokuhlalisana. Imbangela ukukhubazeka, umshuwalense wokuphila noma isikhathi umsebenzi akusona isimo kumiswa imihlomulo yempesheni ngenxa yokukhubazeka. Lapha kwanele ukungena umsebenzi okhethekile ku amaqembu ukukhubazeka.

Ekugcineni, i-athikili 10 yomthetho mbuzo usho endabeni ukulahlekelwa. Ngokusho isenzo normative, ithuba ukuthola umshwalense impesheni ukuthola umondli amalungu omkhaya abangekho ukufeza umsebenzi. Umshwalense isipiliyoni umondli oshonile ingadlali indima - ngeke ngisho.

Ekuqashweni umshwalense

UMthetho Federal № 400-FZ "Ngo Umshwalense Izimpesheni" ulawula ngokuningiliziwe inqubo ukuqashwa kukaNksz umshwalense. Isigaba 11 libhekisela izinkathi umsebenzi zifakwe kwirekhodi. Ngakho, umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe ngokomthetho eRussia. Phakathi nenkathi ukusebenza ezihloliwe iminikelo kwesabelomali uhlobo umshwalense FIU. Umsebenzi nezikhathi, kwenziwa ngaphandle isimo isiRashiya, ihanjiswa ngokwehlukile.

Article imininingwane 12 lwembula nezikhathi ukuthi ezishiwo yiSigaba 11. Yilokhu ivelele lapha ukusebenza:

• Ukusebenza isikhathi senkonzo yezempi;
• ngokokubhalisa futhi kokuthola izinzuzo ngaphansi uhlelo SOC ayimpoqo. umshwalense;
• izinkathi ukunakekelwa kwengane (sokubeletha);
• inkathi ukusetshenziswa namarhubhelo wokungasebenzi;
• elithi abangenangqondo ukuheha izakhamuzi babe necala lobugebengu, okwaphumela kunokungabikho kwesikhashana amathuba ukwenza imisebenzi yabasebenzi;
• isikhathi ukunakekelwa ukuze umuntu okhubazekile abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-80;
• nezinye izinkathi ecacisiwe yiSigaba 12 Bill enixoxa ngalo.

Iyini inqubo yokuqashwa kwesikhathi umshuwalense? Le ndlela izochazwa kamuva.

Inqubo yokuqokwa yomshuwalense

Okungenhla wachaza isimo eyinhloko isikhathi kumiswa uhlobo umshwalense. Izihloko 13 no-14 zoMthetho Federal № 400-FZ imithetho engashintshi, ngokuhambisana okuyinto wayifeza ekubalweni inqubo nakho.

Ukubalwa kwesikhathi kumele kwentiwe ikhalenda oda. Lapho kubalwa yonke nezikhathi ezingase zifakwe ngokomthetho uhlobo nakho umshwalense, kufanele sigcizelelwe idokhumenti ekhethekile esikhishwe abaqashi noma zikahulumeni ngabanye. Izizathu ulwazi ngabanye lokubhalisa nobufakazi lezinkathi ezahlukene kufakwe irekhodi. Yonke inqubo nokubala, ukubhaliswa kanye isiqinisekiso umshwalense eyasungulwa Uhulumeni waseRussia.

Mayelana usayizi izinkokhelo

Inombolo 400-FZ, ubuciko. 15 kwenzeka lokudlulisa ifomula, owawuthi lemali wokuzimisela impesheni. Ngokusho ifomula isinqumo ubudala-osindile noma ukukhubazeka ingumkhiqizo yomuntu uhlobo impesheni Coefficient nokubaluleka Coefficient ezifana usuku olulodwa, kungokwalabo sezikhathi ngenhla.

Isigaba 16 usungula izibalo eziqondile. Ngakho, uma sikhuluma impesheni iqembu III, uhlobo umshwalense impesheni sengezwe kancane kuka 3.9 ayizinkulungwane. Ruble. Izinga engaguquki, usayizi izinkokhelo yomshuwalense impesheni kufanele ifakwe kunkomba ngaphansi kwazo ngonyaka.

On isikhathi aphoyintimenti

Sifundzile eSehlukweni 5, № 400-FZ (ngamazwana futhi anezele kusuka 2017) fixed imithetho elawula nenhloso eqondiwe lezinkathi umshwalense impesheni. Ngakho, Isigaba 22 libhekisela phansi isicelo uhlobo umshwalense impesheni. Izinkokhelo ngaphansi komthetho, aqokwe sikuthole kuze kube namuhla. Uma isakhamuzi ayizange ethobela igunya elifanele noma iyiphi ingxenye wamaphepha ezidingekile impesheni, ungase wabelwe nokubambezeleka of izinyanga ezintathu.

uhlobo umshwalense Pension angabelwa ngaphambi ukwelashwa eside kuphela ezimweni ezithile:

• Sokuguga - kusukela ngosuku kwemsebenti, uma isakhamuzi isicelo ukukhokhelwa wathi akuyona wenyanga eyodwa kusukela ngosuku yokuxoshwa;
• Ukukhubazeka - usuku ukuqashelwa isakhamuzi ekhubazekile, uma kwaba isikhalazo kungakadluli unyaka owodwa kusukela ngosuku wathi;
• ngesikhathi sokufa umondli - uma isikhalazo kwafakwa kungakadluli unyaka owodwa kusukela ngosuku isiqinisekiso kokufa umondli.

kokukhokhwa kwempesheni ukukhubazeka asethwe isikhathi ukuqashelwa isakhamuzi ekhubazekile. Izinkokhelo kuya sokuguga noma abasindile njalo unaphakade.